Both Aconitum hemsleyanum and Aconitum geniculatun have abundant contents of yunaconitine(1).Yunaconitine(1)has similar skeleton to crassicauline A(3);the only difference between them is that 1 contains aα-hydroxyl g...Both Aconitum hemsleyanum and Aconitum geniculatun have abundant contents of yunaconitine(1).Yunaconitine(1)has similar skeleton to crassicauline A(3);the only difference between them is that 1 contains aα-hydroxyl group at C-3.Our team attempts to convert 1 into 3 because 3 owns pharmacological activity.There are two steps to achieve the transformation above:firstly,use dehydration reaction to transform yunaconitine(1)into dehydroyunaconitine(2);secondly,use hydrogen reduction to acquire crassicauline A(3).Compared with other methods,this one below is more suitable for production application and more concise;moreover,the cost is lower with higher yield.展开更多
Background:High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity could be partially explained by loss-of-function alleles of CYP2 C19,the enzyme that converts clopidogrel into its active form.Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill(STDP)is ...Background:High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity could be partially explained by loss-of-function alleles of CYP2 C19,the enzyme that converts clopidogrel into its active form.Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill(STDP)is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat angina pectoris.STDP has been shown to improve blood flow in patients with slow coronary flow and attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.However,whether STDP can affect platelet function remains unknown.Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the potential effects of STDP on platelet function in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for unstable angina.The interaction between the effects of STDP with polymorphisms of CYP2 C19 was also investigated.Design,participants and intervention:This was a single-center,randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing elective PCI for unstable angina.Eligible subjects were randomized to receive STDP(210 mg per day)plus dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)with clopidogrel and aspirin or DAPT alone.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was platelet function,reflected by adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and platelet microparticles(PMPs).The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)including recurrent ischemia or myocardial infarction,repeat PCI and cardiac death;blood biomarkers for myocardial injury including creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme(CK-MB)and high-sensitive troponin I(hs Tn I);and biomarkers for inflammation including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and galectin-3.Results:A total of 118 subjects(mean age:[66.8±8.9]years;male:59.8%)were included into analysis:58 in the control group and 60 in the STDP group.CYP2 C19 genotype distribution was comparable between the 2 groups.In comparison to the control group,the STDP group had significantly lower CKMB(P<0.05)but similar hs Tn I(P>0.05)at 24 h after PCI,lower ICAM-1,VCAM-1,MCP-1 and galectin-3 at 3 months(all P<0.05)but not at 7 days after PCI(P>0.05).At 3 months,the STDP group had lower PMP number([42.9±37.3]vs.[67.8±53.1]counts/μL in the control group,P=0.05).Subgroup analysis showed that STDP increased percentage inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation only in slow metabolizers(66.0%±20.8%in STDP group vs.36.0%±28.1%in the control group,P<0.05),but not in intermediate or fast metabolizers.The rate of MACEs during the 3-month follow-up did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion:STDP produced antiplatelet,anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects.Subgroup analysis indicated that STDP inhibited residual platelet reactivity in slow metabolizers only.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter concentrates on distributed event-triggered formation control problems with finite-time convergence in an arbitrarily dimensional Euclidean space.A new unified approach of finite-time event-tri...Dear Editor,This letter concentrates on distributed event-triggered formation control problems with finite-time convergence in an arbitrarily dimensional Euclidean space.A new unified approach of finite-time event-triggered formation control is proposed by steering all agents to a sliding manifold(the affine image)to achieve general formations,like affine,rigid or translational formation.It only requires to design an extra steering law driving at least d+1 leaders from an affine image to a rigid or translational image,where d is the dimension of the space.The event-triggered function is designed in a distributed and discontinuous manner based only on local information to reduce the communication and calculation resources by aperiodic sampling.In the proposed event-triggered formation law,zeno-free behavior is ensured.展开更多
To the Editor:Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide and contributes to the rising costs of health care.Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator(tPA,alteplase)is benefici...To the Editor:Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide and contributes to the rising costs of health care.Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator(tPA,alteplase)is beneficial for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.However,only 40%to 50%of stroke patients show a significant improvement after treatment.In addition,the use of alteplase is restricted because symptomatic intracranial hemorrhase(slCH)occurs in 1.7%to 6.4%of treated patients.[1]25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D),which is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D,has been confirmed to be closely related to cerebrovascular disease(CVD).A series of studies indicated that vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke,high stroke severity and poor functional outcomes.展开更多
文摘Both Aconitum hemsleyanum and Aconitum geniculatun have abundant contents of yunaconitine(1).Yunaconitine(1)has similar skeleton to crassicauline A(3);the only difference between them is that 1 contains aα-hydroxyl group at C-3.Our team attempts to convert 1 into 3 because 3 owns pharmacological activity.There are two steps to achieve the transformation above:firstly,use dehydration reaction to transform yunaconitine(1)into dehydroyunaconitine(2);secondly,use hydrogen reduction to acquire crassicauline A(3).Compared with other methods,this one below is more suitable for production application and more concise;moreover,the cost is lower with higher yield.
基金supported by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.16401972000)Shanghai Municipal Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.ZY(2018-2020)-FWTX-3027)。
文摘Background:High on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity could be partially explained by loss-of-function alleles of CYP2 C19,the enzyme that converts clopidogrel into its active form.Shexiang Tongxin Dropping Pill(STDP)is a traditional Chinese medicine to treat angina pectoris.STDP has been shown to improve blood flow in patients with slow coronary flow and attenuate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice.However,whether STDP can affect platelet function remains unknown.Objective:The purpose of this study is to examine the potential effects of STDP on platelet function in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)for unstable angina.The interaction between the effects of STDP with polymorphisms of CYP2 C19 was also investigated.Design,participants and intervention:This was a single-center,randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing elective PCI for unstable angina.Eligible subjects were randomized to receive STDP(210 mg per day)plus dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT)with clopidogrel and aspirin or DAPT alone.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome was platelet function,reflected by adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced platelet aggregation and platelet microparticles(PMPs).The secondary outcomes were major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)including recurrent ischemia or myocardial infarction,repeat PCI and cardiac death;blood biomarkers for myocardial injury including creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme(CK-MB)and high-sensitive troponin I(hs Tn I);and biomarkers for inflammation including intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and galectin-3.Results:A total of 118 subjects(mean age:[66.8±8.9]years;male:59.8%)were included into analysis:58 in the control group and 60 in the STDP group.CYP2 C19 genotype distribution was comparable between the 2 groups.In comparison to the control group,the STDP group had significantly lower CKMB(P<0.05)but similar hs Tn I(P>0.05)at 24 h after PCI,lower ICAM-1,VCAM-1,MCP-1 and galectin-3 at 3 months(all P<0.05)but not at 7 days after PCI(P>0.05).At 3 months,the STDP group had lower PMP number([42.9±37.3]vs.[67.8±53.1]counts/μL in the control group,P=0.05).Subgroup analysis showed that STDP increased percentage inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation only in slow metabolizers(66.0%±20.8%in STDP group vs.36.0%±28.1%in the control group,P<0.05),but not in intermediate or fast metabolizers.The rate of MACEs during the 3-month follow-up did not differ between the two groups.Conclusion:STDP produced antiplatelet,anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects.Subgroup analysis indicated that STDP inhibited residual platelet reactivity in slow metabolizers only.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173118).
文摘Dear Editor,This letter concentrates on distributed event-triggered formation control problems with finite-time convergence in an arbitrarily dimensional Euclidean space.A new unified approach of finite-time event-triggered formation control is proposed by steering all agents to a sliding manifold(the affine image)to achieve general formations,like affine,rigid or translational formation.It only requires to design an extra steering law driving at least d+1 leaders from an affine image to a rigid or translational image,where d is the dimension of the space.The event-triggered function is designed in a distributed and discontinuous manner based only on local information to reduce the communication and calculation resources by aperiodic sampling.In the proposed event-triggered formation law,zeno-free behavior is ensured.
文摘To the Editor:Ischemic stroke remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide and contributes to the rising costs of health care.Thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator(tPA,alteplase)is beneficial for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke.However,only 40%to 50%of stroke patients show a significant improvement after treatment.In addition,the use of alteplase is restricted because symptomatic intracranial hemorrhase(slCH)occurs in 1.7%to 6.4%of treated patients.[1]25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D),which is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D,has been confirmed to be closely related to cerebrovascular disease(CVD).A series of studies indicated that vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke,high stroke severity and poor functional outcomes.
