Bone defects have serious economic and clinical impacts;however,despite improvements in bone defect management,the range of clinical outcomes remains limited.A variety of biomaterials have been used to treat complex b...Bone defects have serious economic and clinical impacts;however,despite improvements in bone defect management,the range of clinical outcomes remains limited.A variety of biomaterials have been used to treat complex bone defects.However,final bone repair outcomes may be adversely affected by poor osteogenic capacity and risk of infection.Consequently,therapeutic methods are required that reduce bacterial contamination and increase the use of osteogenic biomaterials.Herein,we report the preparation of poly(lactic acid-coglycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres coloaded with magnesium(Mg^(2+))and gallium(Ga^(3+))ions(Mg-Ga@PLGA),which can fill irregular bone defects and show good biosafety.During in vitro testing,Mg-Ga@PLGA not only showed a synergistic effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation but also inhibited osteoclastic differentiation.Moreover,we found that Mg-Ga@PLGA demonstrated an antibacterial effect.During in vivo testing,Mg Ga@PLGA exhibited strong in situ osteogenic ability.In conclusion,Mg-Ga@PLGA has good potential for treating bone defects at risk of infection.展开更多
A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 pol...A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.展开更多
The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batte...The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction(XSLJZD)drug serum on gastric antrum smooth muscle cells(SMCs)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:Gastric antrum SMCs from rats wit...Objective:To observe the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction(XSLJZD)drug serum on gastric antrum smooth muscle cells(SMCs)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:Gastric antrum SMCs from rats with FD were isolated,cultured,and then divided into six groups as follows:control,model,domperidone,low-dose XSLJZD(LXSLJZD),medium-dose XSLJZD(MXSLJZD),and high-dose XSLJZD(HXSLJZD).Each group was administered the corresponding drug serum for intervention.Drug serum intervention conditions and proliferative activity of SMCs were tested by cholecystokinin octapeptide.Ghrelin,gastrin,somatostatin,and substance P(SP)levels were measured by ELISA.Somatostatin and SP mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR.Results:A concentration of 10%drug serum for 24 h was decided to be the best intervention condition for later study.The mean optical density value in the model group was lower than that in the control group(P紏.001).Optical density values in the domperidone and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(P?.025,P?.032,respectively).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the model group were lower(P?.007,P?.037,P?.005,respectively),but somatostatin levels were higher,compared with those in the control group(P?.031).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(all P<.05).Somatostatin levels in the four drug-treated groups were lower than those in the model group(P?.002,P?.007,P?.001,P?.009,respectively).SP mRNA levels in the model group were lower than those in the control,domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups(P?.037 P?.016,P?.025,P?.002,respectively).Somatostatin mRNA levels in the model group were higher than those in the control and MXSLJZD groups(P紏.042,P紏.035).Conclusions:XSLJZD and domperidone drug serum effectively promote proliferative activity of gastric antrum SMCs in an FD model.The mechanism of this activity may be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones.展开更多
Acupuncture is used extensively in China for the treatment of stroke and other neurological disorders. The National Institutes of Health recommends acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery. This study ...Acupuncture is used extensively in China for the treatment of stroke and other neurological disorders. The National Institutes of Health recommends acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery. This study included patients with post-stroke detrusor overactivity who were treated in the Department of Neurology, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China. Subjects received either electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture at points Baliao [including bilateral Shangliao （BL31）, bilateral Ciliao （BL32）, bilateral Zhongliao （BL33）, and bilateral Xialiao （BL34）] and Huiyang （BL35）. Our results showed that electroacupuncture significantly improved cystometric capacity and bladder compliance, decreased detrusor leak point pressure, ameliorated lower urinary tract symptoms, and decreased the risk of upper urinary tract damage. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at points Bafiao and Huiyang is an effective treatment for post-stroke detrusor overactivity.展开更多
The development of highly efficient catalyst is the key for photocatalytic technology to deal with water pollution and energy problems.In this work,the S-scheme polyaniline/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(PANI/CZS)nanocomposites we...The development of highly efficient catalyst is the key for photocatalytic technology to deal with water pollution and energy problems.In this work,the S-scheme polyaniline/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(PANI/CZS)nanocomposites were elaborately prepared for the first time by in-situ oxidation polymerization.Compared to pure PANI and Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,this PANI/CZS hybrid displayed outstanding photocatalytic performance in removing tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)and hydrogen evolution under light irradiation.Among them,15 PANI/CZS sample could achieve 84.9%TCH degradation efficiency within 25 min,and the degradation rate(0.06931 min−1)was 5.13 times than that of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(0.0135 min^(−1)).The optimal photocatalytic H_(2) evolution rate of 30 PANI/CZS sample was 15.57 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which was twice that of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(7.34 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1)).These results were mainly attributed to the efficient electronic transport channels provided by S-scheme heterojunction structure.The density functional theory(DFT)calculation proved that the difference of work function resulted in band bending and forming built-in electric field on the contact interface of PANI/CZS,which facilitated the migration and separation of interfacial photogener-ated charge carriers for the strengthened photocatalytic performance.Further,the degradation interme-diate products and pathways of TCH were also put forwarded in depth based on MS experiment.At last,the S-scheme electron transport model and the photocatalytic reaction mechanism in PANI/CZS hetero-junction structure were studied.This work provided an innovative vision in developing high-performance S-scheme heterojunction multifunctional photocatalysts.展开更多
Anthocyanins are widely found in plants and are responsible for the purple coloration of plants. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by environmental stresses, plant hormones, sugar, and so on. Tyrosine (Tyr) is the p...Anthocyanins are widely found in plants and are responsible for the purple coloration of plants. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by environmental stresses, plant hormones, sugar, and so on. Tyrosine (Tyr) is the precursor of melanin that exits in both animals and plants. However, until now it has been unknown whether Tyr induces anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with exogenous Tyr and then the anthocyanin accumulation was determined. The results showed that Tyr induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of the late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including DFR, LDOX, and UF3GT, and the transcription factor genes PAP1, PAP2, and EGL3 was induced by Tyr. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Tyr is able to induce anthocyanin accumulation and suggested that Tyr up-regulates transcription factors PAP1, PAP2, and EGL3, which mediates the expression of the late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and then induces anthocyanin biosynthesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,...BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.展开更多
Naphthyridine-fused bisimidazolium salts were designed and synthesized for the first time. The study of the Cu(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ) complexes demonstrated that the deprotonated dicarbene ligands are rigid chelating C,C-liga...Naphthyridine-fused bisimidazolium salts were designed and synthesized for the first time. The study of the Cu(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ) complexes demonstrated that the deprotonated dicarbene ligands are rigid chelating C,C-ligands with strong electron-donating ability in analogy with the classic phenanthroline N,N-ligands.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii combined with viaminate on psoriasis patients' immune indexes, endothelium, inflammatory reaction, sICAM-1 and NF-kB. Methods: A total of 112 patients wi...Objective: To explore the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii combined with viaminate on psoriasis patients' immune indexes, endothelium, inflammatory reaction, sICAM-1 and NF-kB. Methods: A total of 112 patients with psoriasis admitted in our hospital from September 2015 to November 2017 were randomly divided into control group (n=56) and observation group (n=56). The control group was treated only by Viaminate Capsules, and the observation group was treated with Tripterygium wilfordii tablet on the basis of the control group, the immune function, endothelial, inflammatory response, soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1) and nuclear transcription factor-kB (NF-kB) expression levels were compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: Before treatment, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), NF-kB, and sICAM-1 in two groups were no significant difference. After treatment, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in both groups were significantly increased, while CD8+was significantly lower than before treatment, the CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and CD8+was obviously lower than that of the control group;The VEGF, NO and ET-1 in both groups were dramatically lower than those before treatment, and the VEGF, NO and ET-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group;The TNF-α and IFN-γ in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and TNF-α and IFN-γ in the observation group were remarkably lower than those in the control group;The NF-kB and sICAM-1 in two groups were obviously decreased than those before treatment, and the NF-kB and sICAM-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Tripterygium wilfordii combined with viaminate capsules in the treatment of psoriasis patients, can effectively correct their immune dysfunction, improve endothelial function, reduce inflammatory response and inhibit the expression of NF-kB and sICAM-1 expression.展开更多
Spinal muscular atrophy is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by severe cases of fatal muscle weakness.It is one of the most common genetic causes of mortality among infants aged less than 2 years.Biomar...Spinal muscular atrophy is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by severe cases of fatal muscle weakness.It is one of the most common genetic causes of mortality among infants aged less than 2 years.Biomarker research is currently receiving more attention,and new candidate biomarkers are constantly being discovered.This review initially discusses the evaluation methods commonly used in clinical practice while briefly outlining their respective pros and cons.We also describe recent advancements in research and the clinical significance of molecular biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy,which are classified as either specific or non-specific biomarkers.This review provides new insights into the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy,the mechanism of biomarkers in response to drug-modified therapies,the selection of biomarker candidates,and would promote the development of future research.Furthermore,the successful utilization of biomarkers may facilitate the implementation of gene-targeting treatments for patients with spinal muscular atrophy.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within...Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.展开更多
The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more e...The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more efficient and reliable intrusion detection systems(IDSs).However,the advent of larger IDS datasets has negatively impacted the performance and computational complexity of AI-based IDSs.Many researchers used data preprocessing techniques such as feature selection and normalization to overcome such issues.While most of these researchers reported the success of these preprocessing techniques on a shallow level,very few studies have been performed on their effects on a wider scale.Furthermore,the performance of an IDS model is subject to not only the utilized preprocessing techniques but also the dataset and the ML/DL algorithm used,which most of the existing studies give little emphasis on.Thus,this study provides an in-depth analysis of feature selection and normalization effects on IDS models built using three IDS datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and CSE–CIC–IDS2018,and various AI algorithms.A wrapper-based approach,which tends to give superior performance,and min-max normalization methods were used for feature selection and normalization,respectively.Numerous IDS models were implemented using the full and feature-selected copies of the datasets with and without normalization.The models were evaluated using popular evaluation metrics in IDS modeling,intra-and inter-model comparisons were performed between models and with state-of-the-art works.Random forest(RF)models performed better on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets with accuracies of 99.86%and 96.01%,respectively,whereas artificial neural network(ANN)achieved the best accuracy of 95.43%on the CSE–CIC–IDS2018 dataset.The RF models also achieved an excellent performance compared to recent works.The results show that normalization and feature selection positively affect IDS modeling.Furthermore,while feature selection benefits simpler algorithms(such as RF),normalization is more useful for complex algorithms like ANNs and deep neural networks(DNNs),and algorithms such as Naive Bayes are unsuitable for IDS modeling.The study also found that the UNSW-NB15 and CSE–CIC–IDS2018 datasets are more complex and more suitable for building and evaluating modern-day IDS than the NSL-KDD dataset.Our findings suggest that prioritizing robust algorithms like RF,alongside complex models such as ANN and DNN,can significantly enhance IDS performance.These insights provide valuable guidance for managers to develop more effective security measures by focusing on high detection rates and low false alert rates.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971106,BWS21L013,and 21WS09002).
文摘Bone defects have serious economic and clinical impacts;however,despite improvements in bone defect management,the range of clinical outcomes remains limited.A variety of biomaterials have been used to treat complex bone defects.However,final bone repair outcomes may be adversely affected by poor osteogenic capacity and risk of infection.Consequently,therapeutic methods are required that reduce bacterial contamination and increase the use of osteogenic biomaterials.Herein,we report the preparation of poly(lactic acid-coglycolic acid)(PLGA)microspheres coloaded with magnesium(Mg^(2+))and gallium(Ga^(3+))ions(Mg-Ga@PLGA),which can fill irregular bone defects and show good biosafety.During in vitro testing,Mg-Ga@PLGA not only showed a synergistic effect on promoting osteogenic differentiation but also inhibited osteoclastic differentiation.Moreover,we found that Mg-Ga@PLGA demonstrated an antibacterial effect.During in vivo testing,Mg Ga@PLGA exhibited strong in situ osteogenic ability.In conclusion,Mg-Ga@PLGA has good potential for treating bone defects at risk of infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51939009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20241202125905008 and GXWD20201231165807007-20200810165349001).
文摘A trace analytical method based on solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(SPE–GC–MS/MS)was developed for the rapid detection of 256 semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs),including 25 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),70 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs),123 pesticides,20 phthalate esters(PAEs),4 organophosphate esters(OPEs),9 synthetic musks(SMs),and 5 UV filters(UVs)in water.No-tably,this method provided a decent linearity of calibration standards(R^(2)>0.999),excellent method limits of quantification(MLOQs)(0.12–11.41 ng/L),satisfactory matrix spiking recovery rates(60.4%–126%),and high precision(intra-day relative standard deviations(RSDs):1.0%–10.0%,inter-day RSDs:3.0%–15.0%,and inter-week RSDs:3.4%–15.7%),making it suitable for trace-level studies.Statistical analysis revealed that SVOCs with higher volatility exhibited enhanced recovery rates.Validation of the methodology involved analyzing SVOCs in real spring water and river water samples.Twenty-seven SVOCs were detected in spring water and 58 in river water,with an average concentration of 631.73 and 16,095 ng/L,respectively.Among the detected SVOCs,PAEs constituted the predominant proportion.This study underscored the presence of SVOCs contamination specifi-cally within the spring water,although SVOCs concentrations in river water were significantly greater than those found in spring water.In summary,this sensitive method based on SPE–GC–MS/MS was successfully developed and validated for the rapid analysis of a diverse array of 256 SVOCs at trace levels in water,including not only the traditional highly valued PAHs,PCBs,pesticides,and PAEs,but also the emerging OPEs,UVs,and SMs.
基金supported by the Low-Cost Long-Life Batteries program,China(No.WL-24-08-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279007)。
文摘The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).
基金We are grateful for the technical support provided by Dr.Lin Lv and Dr.FengyunWang(Xiyuan Hospital,affiliated with the Chinese Academy of TCM,Beijing,China)and Xin Ma(Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing,China).
文摘Objective:To observe the effect and mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction(XSLJZD)drug serum on gastric antrum smooth muscle cells(SMCs)in rats with functional dyspepsia(FD).Methods:Gastric antrum SMCs from rats with FD were isolated,cultured,and then divided into six groups as follows:control,model,domperidone,low-dose XSLJZD(LXSLJZD),medium-dose XSLJZD(MXSLJZD),and high-dose XSLJZD(HXSLJZD).Each group was administered the corresponding drug serum for intervention.Drug serum intervention conditions and proliferative activity of SMCs were tested by cholecystokinin octapeptide.Ghrelin,gastrin,somatostatin,and substance P(SP)levels were measured by ELISA.Somatostatin and SP mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR.Results:A concentration of 10%drug serum for 24 h was decided to be the best intervention condition for later study.The mean optical density value in the model group was lower than that in the control group(P紏.001).Optical density values in the domperidone and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(P?.025,P?.032,respectively).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the model group were lower(P?.007,P?.037,P?.005,respectively),but somatostatin levels were higher,compared with those in the control group(P?.031).Gastrin,SP,and ghrelin levels in the domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups were higher than those in the model group(all P<.05).Somatostatin levels in the four drug-treated groups were lower than those in the model group(P?.002,P?.007,P?.001,P?.009,respectively).SP mRNA levels in the model group were lower than those in the control,domperidone,MXSLJZD,and HXSLJZD groups(P?.037 P?.016,P?.025,P?.002,respectively).Somatostatin mRNA levels in the model group were higher than those in the control and MXSLJZD groups(P紏.042,P紏.035).Conclusions:XSLJZD and domperidone drug serum effectively promote proliferative activity of gastric antrum SMCs in an FD model.The mechanism of this activity may be regulated by gastrointestinal hormones.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,No.LRB2008-384
文摘Acupuncture is used extensively in China for the treatment of stroke and other neurological disorders. The National Institutes of Health recommends acupuncture as an adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery. This study included patients with post-stroke detrusor overactivity who were treated in the Department of Neurology, Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China. Subjects received either electroacupuncture or sham electroacupuncture at points Baliao [including bilateral Shangliao （BL31）, bilateral Ciliao （BL32）, bilateral Zhongliao （BL33）, and bilateral Xialiao （BL34）] and Huiyang （BL35）. Our results showed that electroacupuncture significantly improved cystometric capacity and bladder compliance, decreased detrusor leak point pressure, ameliorated lower urinary tract symptoms, and decreased the risk of upper urinary tract damage. These findings indicate that electroacupuncture at points Bafiao and Huiyang is an effective treatment for post-stroke detrusor overactivity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.21777062,22178151 and 51872128)National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization of Huaiyin Institute of Technology (Nos.SF202008,SF202204 and SF202106)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515111231).
文摘The development of highly efficient catalyst is the key for photocatalytic technology to deal with water pollution and energy problems.In this work,the S-scheme polyaniline/Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(PANI/CZS)nanocomposites were elaborately prepared for the first time by in-situ oxidation polymerization.Compared to pure PANI and Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S,this PANI/CZS hybrid displayed outstanding photocatalytic performance in removing tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH)and hydrogen evolution under light irradiation.Among them,15 PANI/CZS sample could achieve 84.9%TCH degradation efficiency within 25 min,and the degradation rate(0.06931 min−1)was 5.13 times than that of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(0.0135 min^(−1)).The optimal photocatalytic H_(2) evolution rate of 30 PANI/CZS sample was 15.57 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1),which was twice that of Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(7.34 mmol g^(-1) h^(-1)).These results were mainly attributed to the efficient electronic transport channels provided by S-scheme heterojunction structure.The density functional theory(DFT)calculation proved that the difference of work function resulted in band bending and forming built-in electric field on the contact interface of PANI/CZS,which facilitated the migration and separation of interfacial photogener-ated charge carriers for the strengthened photocatalytic performance.Further,the degradation interme-diate products and pathways of TCH were also put forwarded in depth based on MS experiment.At last,the S-scheme electron transport model and the photocatalytic reaction mechanism in PANI/CZS hetero-junction structure were studied.This work provided an innovative vision in developing high-performance S-scheme heterojunction multifunctional photocatalysts.
文摘Anthocyanins are widely found in plants and are responsible for the purple coloration of plants. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is induced by environmental stresses, plant hormones, sugar, and so on. Tyrosine (Tyr) is the precursor of melanin that exits in both animals and plants. However, until now it has been unknown whether Tyr induces anthocyanin biosynthesis. In this study, the seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were treated with exogenous Tyr and then the anthocyanin accumulation was determined. The results showed that Tyr induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the expression of the late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes including DFR, LDOX, and UF3GT, and the transcription factor genes PAP1, PAP2, and EGL3 was induced by Tyr. Taken together, these results demonstrated that Tyr is able to induce anthocyanin accumulation and suggested that Tyr up-regulates transcription factors PAP1, PAP2, and EGL3, which mediates the expression of the late anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and then induces anthocyanin biosynthesis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81930110The National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program of China,No.GZC20232406+2 种基金Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Research Project,No.2023ZY3040Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Joint Construction Project,No.LHGJ20230233National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC2303103.
文摘BACKGROUND Liuweiwuling Tablet(LWWL)is a Chinese patent medicine approved for the treatment of chronic inflammation caused by hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.Previous studies have indicated an anti-HBV effect of LWWL,specifically in terms of antigen inhibition,but the underlying mechanism remains unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of action of LWWL against HBV.METHODS In vitro experiments utilized three HBV-replicating and three non-HBV-replicating cell lines.The in vivo experiment involved a hydrodynamic injectionmediated mouse model with HBV replication.Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action of LWWL.RESULTS In HepG2.1403F cells,LWWL(0.8 mg/mL)exhibited inhibitory effects on HBV DNA,hepatitis B surface antigen and pregenomic RNA(pgRNA)at rates of 51.36%,24.74%and 50.74%,respectively.The inhibition rates of LWWL(0.8mg/mL)on pgRNA/covalently closed circular DNA in HepG2.1403F,HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.A64 cells were 47.78%,39.51%and 46.74%,respectively.Integration of transcriptomics and metabolomics showed that the anti-HBV effect of LWWL was primarily linked to pathways related to apoptosis(PI3K-AKT,CASP8-CASP3 and P53 pathways).Apoptosis flow analysis revealed that the apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group was significantly higher than in the control group(CG)among HBV-replicating cell lines,including HepG2.2.15(2.92%±1.01%vs 6.68%±2.04%,P<0.05),HepG2.A64(4.89%±1.28%vs 8.52%±0.50%,P<0.05)and HepG2.1403F(3.76%±1.40%vs 7.57%±1.35%,P<0.05)(CG vs LWWL-treated group).However,there were no significant differences in apoptosis rates between the non-HBV-replicating HepG2 cells(5.04%±0.74%vs 5.51%±1.57%,P>0.05),L02 cells(5.49%±0.80%vs 5.48%±1.01%,P>0.05)and LX2 cells(6.29%±1.54%vs 6.29%±0.88%,P>0.05).TUNEL staining revealed a significantly higher apoptosis rate in the LWWL-treated group than in the CG in the HBVreplicating mouse model,while no noticeable difference in apoptosis rates between the two groups was observed in the non-HBV-replicating mouse model.CONCLUSION Preliminary results suggest that LWWL exerts a potent inhibitory effect on wild-type and drug-resistant HBV,potentially involving selective regulation of apoptosis.These findings offer novel insights into the anti-HBV activities of LWWL and present a novel mechanism for the development of anti-HBV medications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21772134)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 20826041D4117)。
文摘Naphthyridine-fused bisimidazolium salts were designed and synthesized for the first time. The study of the Cu(Ⅱ) and Pd(Ⅱ) complexes demonstrated that the deprotonated dicarbene ligands are rigid chelating C,C-ligands with strong electron-donating ability in analogy with the classic phenanthroline N,N-ligands.
文摘Objective: To explore the effects of Tripterygium wilfordii combined with viaminate on psoriasis patients' immune indexes, endothelium, inflammatory reaction, sICAM-1 and NF-kB. Methods: A total of 112 patients with psoriasis admitted in our hospital from September 2015 to November 2017 were randomly divided into control group (n=56) and observation group (n=56). The control group was treated only by Viaminate Capsules, and the observation group was treated with Tripterygium wilfordii tablet on the basis of the control group, the immune function, endothelial, inflammatory response, soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (sICAM-1) and nuclear transcription factor-kB (NF-kB) expression levels were compared before and after treatment in the two groups. Results: Before treatment, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), NF-kB, and sICAM-1 in two groups were no significant difference. After treatment, CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in both groups were significantly increased, while CD8+was significantly lower than before treatment, the CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and CD8+was obviously lower than that of the control group;The VEGF, NO and ET-1 in both groups were dramatically lower than those before treatment, and the VEGF, NO and ET-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group;The TNF-α and IFN-γ in two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, and TNF-α and IFN-γ in the observation group were remarkably lower than those in the control group;The NF-kB and sICAM-1 in two groups were obviously decreased than those before treatment, and the NF-kB and sICAM-1 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: Tripterygium wilfordii combined with viaminate capsules in the treatment of psoriasis patients, can effectively correct their immune dysfunction, improve endothelial function, reduce inflammatory response and inhibit the expression of NF-kB and sICAM-1 expression.
基金supported by the Collaborative Innovation Center for Clinical and Translational Science by Chinese Ministry of Education&Shanghai,No.CCTS-2022205the“Double World-Class Project”of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine(both to JZ)。
文摘Spinal muscular atrophy is a devastating motor neuron disease characterized by severe cases of fatal muscle weakness.It is one of the most common genetic causes of mortality among infants aged less than 2 years.Biomarker research is currently receiving more attention,and new candidate biomarkers are constantly being discovered.This review initially discusses the evaluation methods commonly used in clinical practice while briefly outlining their respective pros and cons.We also describe recent advancements in research and the clinical significance of molecular biomarkers for spinal muscular atrophy,which are classified as either specific or non-specific biomarkers.This review provides new insights into the pathogenesis of spinal muscular atrophy,the mechanism of biomarkers in response to drug-modified therapies,the selection of biomarker candidates,and would promote the development of future research.Furthermore,the successful utilization of biomarkers may facilitate the implementation of gene-targeting treatments for patients with spinal muscular atrophy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.22ZR147750Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.23Y11906600Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Innovative Clinical Research Project,No.2020YLCYJ-Y02(all to YY).
文摘Alzheimer’s disease is a debilitating,progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive accumulation of abnormal proteins,including amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles,primarily within the brain.Lysosomes,crucial intracellular organelles responsible for protein degradation,play a key role in maintaining cellular homeostasis.Some studies have suggested a link between the dysregulation of the lysosomal system and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease.Restoring the normal physiological function of lysosomes hold the potential to reduce the pathological burden and improve the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.Currently,the efficacy of drugs in treating Alzheimer’s disease is limited,with major challenges in drug delivery efficiency and targeting.Recently,nanomaterials have gained widespread use in Alzheimer’s disease drug research owing to their favorable physical and chemical properties.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using nanomaterials(polymeric nanomaterials,nanoemulsions,and carbon-based nanomaterials)to enhance lysosomal function in treating Alzheimer’s disease.This review also explores new concepts and potential therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease through the integration of nanomaterials and modulation of lysosomal function.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the potential of nanomaterials in modulating lysosomal function to improve the pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease.The application of nanotechnology to the development of Alzheimer’s disease drugs brings new ideas and approaches for future treatment of this disease.
文摘The rapid rise of cyberattacks and the gradual failure of traditional defense systems and approaches led to using artificial intelligence(AI)techniques(such as machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL))to build more efficient and reliable intrusion detection systems(IDSs).However,the advent of larger IDS datasets has negatively impacted the performance and computational complexity of AI-based IDSs.Many researchers used data preprocessing techniques such as feature selection and normalization to overcome such issues.While most of these researchers reported the success of these preprocessing techniques on a shallow level,very few studies have been performed on their effects on a wider scale.Furthermore,the performance of an IDS model is subject to not only the utilized preprocessing techniques but also the dataset and the ML/DL algorithm used,which most of the existing studies give little emphasis on.Thus,this study provides an in-depth analysis of feature selection and normalization effects on IDS models built using three IDS datasets:NSL-KDD,UNSW-NB15,and CSE–CIC–IDS2018,and various AI algorithms.A wrapper-based approach,which tends to give superior performance,and min-max normalization methods were used for feature selection and normalization,respectively.Numerous IDS models were implemented using the full and feature-selected copies of the datasets with and without normalization.The models were evaluated using popular evaluation metrics in IDS modeling,intra-and inter-model comparisons were performed between models and with state-of-the-art works.Random forest(RF)models performed better on NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets with accuracies of 99.86%and 96.01%,respectively,whereas artificial neural network(ANN)achieved the best accuracy of 95.43%on the CSE–CIC–IDS2018 dataset.The RF models also achieved an excellent performance compared to recent works.The results show that normalization and feature selection positively affect IDS modeling.Furthermore,while feature selection benefits simpler algorithms(such as RF),normalization is more useful for complex algorithms like ANNs and deep neural networks(DNNs),and algorithms such as Naive Bayes are unsuitable for IDS modeling.The study also found that the UNSW-NB15 and CSE–CIC–IDS2018 datasets are more complex and more suitable for building and evaluating modern-day IDS than the NSL-KDD dataset.Our findings suggest that prioritizing robust algorithms like RF,alongside complex models such as ANN and DNN,can significantly enhance IDS performance.These insights provide valuable guidance for managers to develop more effective security measures by focusing on high detection rates and low false alert rates.
