Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using se...Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Several previous studies have reported an unusual root formation in which a fractured apical fragment of an immature root continued to develop independent of the main root after trauma to an immature tooth....BACKGROUND Several previous studies have reported an unusual root formation in which a fractured apical fragment of an immature root continued to develop independent of the main root after trauma to an immature tooth.To date,there have been only rare reports of the continuing apical formation of the fractured root associated with dens evaginatus(DE).This paper presents a case of a separated root tip formation associated with a fractured tubercle of DE.CASE SUMMARY An 11-year-old boy was referred for gingival sinus on the buccal side of the right mandibular second premolar(tooth#45).Clinically,tooth#45 was free of caries,but there was a sign of a fractured tubercle of DE on the occlusal surface.Radiography showed that the root canal of tooth#45 was widely radiolucent.A separated root apex was found apically under the main root and was nearly completely formed with an apical orifice at the apical tip.Tooth#45 was diagnosed as tubular fracture of DE with chronic apical periodontitis.A revascularization technique was recommended to treat the tooth.At 3-mo and 1-yr follow-up,the patient remained asymptomatic.Periapical radiography revealed that the separated root tip distally drifted with closure of the apex.However,the root length and thickness of the main root did not increased.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware that even if tubercle of DE is fractured in an immature tooth,the root tip may be separated from the main root and completely formed.展开更多
Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant prod...Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.展开更多
Background:This study investigated greenhouse gas(GHG)emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures.GreenFeed system was u...Background:This study investigated greenhouse gas(GHG)emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures.GreenFeed system was used to measure the amount of methane(CH_(4))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitted by the cows through respiration.Data from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity,body weight,milk yield,and milk component yield on CH_(4) and CO_(2) emissions.Results:Mean herd responses throughout the study were as follows:111 cows completed all experimental processes,while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 times.On average,lactating days of cows was 138±19.04 d,metabolic weight was 136.5±9.5 kg,parity was 2.8±1.0,dry matter intake(DMI)was 23.1±2.6 kg/d,and milk yield was 38.1±6.9 kg/d.The GreenFeed system revealed that CH_(4) production(expressed in CO_(2) equivalent,CO_(2)-eq)was found to be 8304 g/d,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/DMI was 359 g/kg,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/energy-corrected milk(ECM)was 229.5 g/kg,total CO_(2) production(CH_(4) production plus CO_(2) production)was 19,201 g/d,total CO_(2)/DMI was 831 g/kg,and total CO_(2)/ECM was 531 g/kg.The parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO_(2) emissions(P>0.05).Cows with high milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield produced more total CO_(2)(P<0.05),but their total CO_(2) production per kg of ECM was low(P<0.05).The total CO_(2)/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17%and 27%lower than that of the low milk yield group,respectively.Conclusions:The parity and body condition had no effect on total CO_(2) emissions,while the total CO_(2)/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy cows.Measurement of total CO_(2) emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish regional or national GHG inventories and develop mitigation approaches to dairy production regimes.展开更多
Background： Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing methanogenesis. Related mechanisms are not well illustrated, however, and most studies have been conducted in vitro. This study investigates ...Background： Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing methanogenesis. Related mechanisms are not well illustrated, however, and most studies have been conducted in vitro. This study investigates the effects of supplementary allicin（AL） in sheep diet on in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation, and shifts of microbial flora.Methods： Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1,eighteen ewes（60.0 ± 1.73 kg BW） were randomly assigned for 29 days to either of two dietary treatments： a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g AL/head？day to investigate supplementary AL on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes（65.2 ± 2.0 kg BW） with ruminal canulas were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 for 42 days to investigate supplementary AL on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora. The methane emissions were determined using an open-circuit respirometry system and microbial assessment was done by q PCR of 16 S r RNA genes.Results： Supplementary AL increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter（P 〈 0.001）, nitrogen（P = 0.006）,neutral detergent fiber（P 〈 0.001）, and acid detergent fiber（P = 0.002）. Fecal nitrogen output was reduced（P = 0.001）but urinary nitrogen output was unaffected（P = 0.691）, while nitrogen retention（P = 0.077） and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake（P = 0.077） tended to increase. Supplementary AL decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 5.95 %（P = 0.007） and to digestible organic matter intake by 8.36 %（P = 0.009）. Ruminal p H was unaffected（P = 0.601） while ammonia decreased（P = 0.024） and total volatile fatty acids increased（P = 0.024） in response to supplementary AL. Supplementary AL decreased the population of methanogens（P = 0.001） and tended to decrease that of protozoans（P = 0.097）, but increased the populations of F. succinogenes（P 〈 0.001）, R. flavefaciens（P = 0.001）, and B. fibrisolvens（P = 0.001）.Conclusions： Supplementation of AL at 2.0 g/head？day effectively enhanced OM, N, NDF, and ADF digestibility and reduced daily methane emissions（L/kg BW0.75） in ewes, probably by decreasing the population of ruminal protozoans and methanogens.展开更多
Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fer...Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.展开更多
Ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR)is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Current evidences suggest that revascularization of the culprit vessels with percutaneous coronary artery intervention(PCI...Ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR)is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Current evidences suggest that revascularization of the culprit vessels with percutaneous coronary artery intervention(PCI)or coronary artery bypass grafting can be beneficial for relieving IMR.A 2.5-year follow-up data of a 61-year-old male patient with ST-segment elevation AMI complicated with IMR showed that mitral regurgitation area increased five days after PCI,and decreased to lower steady level three months after PCI.This finding suggest that three months after PCI might be a suitable time point for evaluating the possibility oflMR recovery and the necessity of surgical intervention of the mitral valve for AMI patient.展开更多
Background： Dorper is an important breed for meat purpose and widely used in the livestock industry of the world.However, the protein requirement of Dorper crossbred has not been investigated. The current paper repor...Background： Dorper is an important breed for meat purpose and widely used in the livestock industry of the world.However, the protein requirement of Dorper crossbred has not been investigated. The current paper reports the net protein（NP） and metabolizable protein（MP） requirements of Dorper crossbred ram lambs from 20 to 35 kg BW.Methods： Thirty-five Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs weaned at approximately 50 d of age（20.3 ± 2.15 kg of BW） were used. Seven lambs of 25 kg BW were slaughtered as the baseline animals at the start of the trial. An intermediate group of seven randomly selected lambs fed ad libitum was slaughtered at 28.6 kg BW. The remaining 21 lambs were randomly divided into three levels of dry matter intake： ad libitum or 70% or 40% of ad libitum intake. Those lambs were slaughtered when the lambs fed ad libitum reached 35 kg BW. Total body N and N retention were measured.Results： The daily NP and MP requirements for maintenance were 1.89 and 4.52 g/kg metabolic shrunk BW（SBW0.75）.The partial efficiency of MP utilization for maintenance was 0.42. The NP requirement for growth ranged from 12.1 to 43.5 g/d, for the lambs gaining 100 to 350 g/d, and the partial efficiency of MP utilization for growth was 0.86.Conclusions： The NP and MP requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred male lambs were lower than the recommendations of American and British nutritional systems.展开更多
Objective: To explore the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule on the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with silicosis complicated by COPD. Methods: A tot...Objective: To explore the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule on the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with silicosis complicated by COPD. Methods: A total of 80 patients with silicosis complicated by COPD who were treated in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40). Control group were treated with Corbrin Capsule on the basis of routine treatment, and observation group were treated with respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule on the basis of routine treatment. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors and pulmonary fibrosis indexes were compared between the two groups before intervention, after 6 months of intervention and after 1 year of intervention. Results: Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of inflammatory factors and pulmonary fibrosis indexes between the two groups. After 6 months of intervention and after 1 year of intervention, serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18 and MCP-1 levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum pulmonary fibrosis indexes PCⅢ, LN, HA, ICAM-1 and HO-1 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule therapy can effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory response and inhibit the pulmonary fibrosis process in patients with silicosis complicated by COPD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Only a few cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in the submandibular gland have ever been reported,all with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for salivary gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic ...BACKGROUND Only a few cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in the submandibular gland have ever been reported,all with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for salivary gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is surgical resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy,but the necessity of chemotherapy as well as the most appropriate treatment regimen for patients with distant metastasis after radiotherapy remains controversial.CASE SUMMARY This report presents the case of a 73-year-old woman who suffered submandibular gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. She accepted surgery to remove the mass; she was found to have lung metastasis after radiotherapy.Her condition was controlled by chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin plus cisplatin.CONCLUSION The positive clinical outcome in the patient reveals that this chemotherapy regimen may be an alternative treatment for such a condition.展开更多
To the Editor:Anemia is a critical complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),causing high mortality and morbidity.[1]The standard treatment involves erythropoiesis-stimulating agents(ESAs)and iron supplementation.Ho...To the Editor:Anemia is a critical complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),causing high mortality and morbidity.[1]The standard treatment involves erythropoiesis-stimulating agents(ESAs)and iron supplementation.However,concurrent inflammation is always associated with a poor response to ESA therapy,requiring a higher ESA dosage to maintain hemoglobin(Hb)level.[1]Roxadustat,the first oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor(HIF-PHI),presents an effective alternative.It physiologically promotes endogenous erythropoietin production,improves iron metabolism,and demonstrates reduced susceptibility to inflammation.展开更多
Anemia of chronic disease(ACD)is the most frequent clinical issue in patients with chronic disease.ACD is usually secondary to chronic kidney disease(CKD),cancer,and chronic infection,which is associated with poor hea...Anemia of chronic disease(ACD)is the most frequent clinical issue in patients with chronic disease.ACD is usually secondary to chronic kidney disease(CKD),cancer,and chronic infection,which is associated with poor health outcomes,increased morbidity and mortality,and substantial economic costs.Current treatment options for ACD are very limited.The discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase(HIF-PHD)pathway made it possible to develop novel therapeutic agents(such as hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,HIF-PHI)to treat ACD by stabilizing HIF and subsequently promoting endogenous erythropoietin(EPO)production and iron absorption and utilization.Thus,HIF-PHIs appear to open a new door for the treatment of ACD patients with a novel mechanism.Here,we comprehensively reviewed the latest advancements in the application of HIF-PHIs in ACD.Specifically,we highlighted the key features of HIF-PHIs on ACD,such as stimulation of endogenous EPO,handling iron metabolism,inflammation-independent,and prolonging lifespan of red blood cells.In conclusion,the success of HIF-PHIs in the treatment of ACD may expand the therapeutic opportunity for other types of anemia beyond renal anemia.展开更多
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Y2022QC10)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-03,CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202302 and CAAS-IFR-ZDRW202404)the Basal Research Fund of the Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(1610382024009)。
文摘Cutting farming-related methane emissions from ruminants is critical in the battle against climate change.Since scientists initially investigated the potential of marine macroalgae to reduce methane emissions,using seaweeds as an anti-methanogenic feed additive has become prevailing in recent years.Asparagopsis taxiformis is the preferred species because it contains a relatively higher concentration of bromoform.As a type of halogenated methane analogue,bromoform contained in A.taxiformis can specifically inhibit the activity of coenzyme M methyltransferase,thereby blocking the ruminal methanogenesis.However,bromoform is a potential toxin and ozone-depleting substance.In response,current research focuses on the effects of bromoform-enriched seaweed supplementation on ruminant productivity and safety,as well as the impact of large-scale cultivation of seaweeds on the atmospheric environment.The current research on seaweed still needs to be improved,especially in developing more species with low bromoform content,such as Bonnemaisonia hamifera,Dictyota bartayresii,and Cystoseira trinodis.Otherwise,seaweed is rich in bioactive substances and exhibits antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and other physiological properties,but research on the role of these bioactive compounds in methane emissions is lacking.It is worthy of deeper investigation to identify more potential bioactive compounds.As a new focus of attention,seaweed has attracted the interest of many scientists.Nevertheless,seaweed still faces some challenges as a feed additive to ruminants,such as the residues of heavy metals(iodine and bromine)and bromoform in milk or meat,as well as the establishment of a supply chain for seaweed cultivation,preservation,and processing.We have concluded that the methane-reducing efficacy of seaweed is indisputable.However,its application as a commercial feed additive is still influenced by factors such as safety,costs,policy incentives,and regulations.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81801028Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ19H140001.
文摘BACKGROUND Several previous studies have reported an unusual root formation in which a fractured apical fragment of an immature root continued to develop independent of the main root after trauma to an immature tooth.To date,there have been only rare reports of the continuing apical formation of the fractured root associated with dens evaginatus(DE).This paper presents a case of a separated root tip formation associated with a fractured tubercle of DE.CASE SUMMARY An 11-year-old boy was referred for gingival sinus on the buccal side of the right mandibular second premolar(tooth#45).Clinically,tooth#45 was free of caries,but there was a sign of a fractured tubercle of DE on the occlusal surface.Radiography showed that the root canal of tooth#45 was widely radiolucent.A separated root apex was found apically under the main root and was nearly completely formed with an apical orifice at the apical tip.Tooth#45 was diagnosed as tubular fracture of DE with chronic apical periodontitis.A revascularization technique was recommended to treat the tooth.At 3-mo and 1-yr follow-up,the patient remained asymptomatic.Periapical radiography revealed that the separated root tip distally drifted with closure of the apex.However,the root length and thickness of the main root did not increased.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware that even if tubercle of DE is fractured in an immature tooth,the root tip may be separated from the main root and completely formed.
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFA1304200)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2023-IFR-04 and CAAS-ZDRW202305)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023).
文摘Background Rumen microorganisms are key regulators of ruminant growth and production performance.Identifying probiotic candidates through microbial culturomics presents a promising strategy for improving ruminant production performance.Our previous study identified significant differences in rumen microbial communities of Holstein calves with varying average daily gain(ADG).This study aims to identify a target strain based on the findings from multi-omics analysis and literature review,isolating and evaluating the target microbial strains from both the rumen and hindgut contents for their probiotic potential.Results Parabacteroides distasonis,a strain closely associated with ADG,was successfully isolated from calf rumen content cultured with Fastidious Anaerobe Agar(FAA)medium and named Parabacteroides distasonis F4.Wholegenome sequencing and pan-genome analysis showed that P.distasonis F4 possesses a core functional potential for carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism,with the ability to produce propionate,acetate,and lactate.The results of targeted and untargeted metabolomics further validated the organic acid production and metabolic pathways of P.distasonis F4.An in vitro simulated rumen fermentation test showed that supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly altered rumen microbial community structure and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen.Furthermore,an in vivo study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with P.distasonis F4 significantly increased the ADG of pre-weaning calves.Conclusions This study represents the first isolation of P.distasonis F4 from rumen,highlighting its potential as a probiotic strain for improving rumen development and growth performance in ruminants.
基金funded by the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.Y2022GH12)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04).
文摘Background:This study investigated greenhouse gas(GHG)emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures.GreenFeed system was used to measure the amount of methane(CH_(4))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitted by the cows through respiration.Data from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity,body weight,milk yield,and milk component yield on CH_(4) and CO_(2) emissions.Results:Mean herd responses throughout the study were as follows:111 cows completed all experimental processes,while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 times.On average,lactating days of cows was 138±19.04 d,metabolic weight was 136.5±9.5 kg,parity was 2.8±1.0,dry matter intake(DMI)was 23.1±2.6 kg/d,and milk yield was 38.1±6.9 kg/d.The GreenFeed system revealed that CH_(4) production(expressed in CO_(2) equivalent,CO_(2)-eq)was found to be 8304 g/d,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/DMI was 359 g/kg,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/energy-corrected milk(ECM)was 229.5 g/kg,total CO_(2) production(CH_(4) production plus CO_(2) production)was 19,201 g/d,total CO_(2)/DMI was 831 g/kg,and total CO_(2)/ECM was 531 g/kg.The parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO_(2) emissions(P>0.05).Cows with high milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield produced more total CO_(2)(P<0.05),but their total CO_(2) production per kg of ECM was low(P<0.05).The total CO_(2)/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17%and 27%lower than that of the low milk yield group,respectively.Conclusions:The parity and body condition had no effect on total CO_(2) emissions,while the total CO_(2)/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy cows.Measurement of total CO_(2) emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish regional or national GHG inventories and develop mitigation approaches to dairy production regimes.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Program 2012BAD39B05)earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-39)
文摘Background： Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing methanogenesis. Related mechanisms are not well illustrated, however, and most studies have been conducted in vitro. This study investigates the effects of supplementary allicin（AL） in sheep diet on in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation, and shifts of microbial flora.Methods： Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1,eighteen ewes（60.0 ± 1.73 kg BW） were randomly assigned for 29 days to either of two dietary treatments： a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g AL/head？day to investigate supplementary AL on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes（65.2 ± 2.0 kg BW） with ruminal canulas were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 for 42 days to investigate supplementary AL on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora. The methane emissions were determined using an open-circuit respirometry system and microbial assessment was done by q PCR of 16 S r RNA genes.Results： Supplementary AL increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter（P 〈 0.001）, nitrogen（P = 0.006）,neutral detergent fiber（P 〈 0.001）, and acid detergent fiber（P = 0.002）. Fecal nitrogen output was reduced（P = 0.001）but urinary nitrogen output was unaffected（P = 0.691）, while nitrogen retention（P = 0.077） and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake（P = 0.077） tended to increase. Supplementary AL decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 5.95 %（P = 0.007） and to digestible organic matter intake by 8.36 %（P = 0.009）. Ruminal p H was unaffected（P = 0.601） while ammonia decreased（P = 0.024） and total volatile fatty acids increased（P = 0.024） in response to supplementary AL. Supplementary AL decreased the population of methanogens（P = 0.001） and tended to decrease that of protozoans（P = 0.097）, but increased the populations of F. succinogenes（P 〈 0.001）, R. flavefaciens（P = 0.001）, and B. fibrisolvens（P = 0.001）.Conclusions： Supplementation of AL at 2.0 g/head？day effectively enhanced OM, N, NDF, and ADF digestibility and reduced daily methane emissions（L/kg BW0.75） in ewes, probably by decreasing the population of ruminal protozoans and methanogens.
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1304204)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-FRI-04)Beijing Innovation Consortium of livestock Research System(BAIC05-2023)。
文摘Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and efficiency.The study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different ADG.Twelve calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host phenotype.Results During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this effect.Moreover,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two groups.Conclusions The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.
基金Acknowledgement This project were supported by the President's Grant of Nanfang Hospital(2014H002)the General Education Reform Project of Innovation to Enhance University in Guangdong Province 2015+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2015A030310441)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81570352).
文摘Ischemic mitral regurgitation(IMR)is a common complication of acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Current evidences suggest that revascularization of the culprit vessels with percutaneous coronary artery intervention(PCI)or coronary artery bypass grafting can be beneficial for relieving IMR.A 2.5-year follow-up data of a 61-year-old male patient with ST-segment elevation AMI complicated with IMR showed that mitral regurgitation area increased five days after PCI,and decreased to lower steady level three months after PCI.This finding suggest that three months after PCI might be a suitable time point for evaluating the possibility oflMR recovery and the necessity of surgical intervention of the mitral valve for AMI patient.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-39)
文摘Background： Dorper is an important breed for meat purpose and widely used in the livestock industry of the world.However, the protein requirement of Dorper crossbred has not been investigated. The current paper reports the net protein（NP） and metabolizable protein（MP） requirements of Dorper crossbred ram lambs from 20 to 35 kg BW.Methods： Thirty-five Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs weaned at approximately 50 d of age（20.3 ± 2.15 kg of BW） were used. Seven lambs of 25 kg BW were slaughtered as the baseline animals at the start of the trial. An intermediate group of seven randomly selected lambs fed ad libitum was slaughtered at 28.6 kg BW. The remaining 21 lambs were randomly divided into three levels of dry matter intake： ad libitum or 70% or 40% of ad libitum intake. Those lambs were slaughtered when the lambs fed ad libitum reached 35 kg BW. Total body N and N retention were measured.Results： The daily NP and MP requirements for maintenance were 1.89 and 4.52 g/kg metabolic shrunk BW（SBW0.75）.The partial efficiency of MP utilization for maintenance was 0.42. The NP requirement for growth ranged from 12.1 to 43.5 g/d, for the lambs gaining 100 to 350 g/d, and the partial efficiency of MP utilization for growth was 0.86.Conclusions： The NP and MP requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred male lambs were lower than the recommendations of American and British nutritional systems.
基金Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.2014CFB478).
文摘Objective: To explore the effects of respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule on the inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with silicosis complicated by COPD. Methods: A total of 80 patients with silicosis complicated by COPD who were treated in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into control group (n=40) and observation group (n=40). Control group were treated with Corbrin Capsule on the basis of routine treatment, and observation group were treated with respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule on the basis of routine treatment. The differences in serum levels of inflammatory factors and pulmonary fibrosis indexes were compared between the two groups before intervention, after 6 months of intervention and after 1 year of intervention. Results: Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in serum levels of inflammatory factors and pulmonary fibrosis indexes between the two groups. After 6 months of intervention and after 1 year of intervention, serum inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18 and MCP-1 levels of observation group were lower than those of control group;serum pulmonary fibrosis indexes PCⅢ, LN, HA, ICAM-1 and HO-1 contents were lower than those of control group. Conclusion: Respiratory rehabilitation training combined with Corbrin Capsule therapy can effectively reduce the systemic inflammatory response and inhibit the pulmonary fibrosis process in patients with silicosis complicated by COPD.
文摘BACKGROUND Only a few cases of carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma arising in the submandibular gland have ever been reported,all with a poor prognosis. The standard treatment for salivary gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is surgical resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy,but the necessity of chemotherapy as well as the most appropriate treatment regimen for patients with distant metastasis after radiotherapy remains controversial.CASE SUMMARY This report presents the case of a 73-year-old woman who suffered submandibular gland carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. She accepted surgery to remove the mass; she was found to have lung metastasis after radiotherapy.Her condition was controlled by chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin plus cisplatin.CONCLUSION The positive clinical outcome in the patient reveals that this chemotherapy regimen may be an alternative treatment for such a condition.
文摘To the Editor:Anemia is a critical complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),causing high mortality and morbidity.[1]The standard treatment involves erythropoiesis-stimulating agents(ESAs)and iron supplementation.However,concurrent inflammation is always associated with a poor response to ESA therapy,requiring a higher ESA dosage to maintain hemoglobin(Hb)level.[1]Roxadustat,the first oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor(HIF-PHI),presents an effective alternative.It physiologically promotes endogenous erythropoietin production,improves iron metabolism,and demonstrates reduced susceptibility to inflammation.
基金This work was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82230022and 82030024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240212).
文摘Anemia of chronic disease(ACD)is the most frequent clinical issue in patients with chronic disease.ACD is usually secondary to chronic kidney disease(CKD),cancer,and chronic infection,which is associated with poor health outcomes,increased morbidity and mortality,and substantial economic costs.Current treatment options for ACD are very limited.The discovery of the hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase(HIF-PHD)pathway made it possible to develop novel therapeutic agents(such as hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,HIF-PHI)to treat ACD by stabilizing HIF and subsequently promoting endogenous erythropoietin(EPO)production and iron absorption and utilization.Thus,HIF-PHIs appear to open a new door for the treatment of ACD patients with a novel mechanism.Here,we comprehensively reviewed the latest advancements in the application of HIF-PHIs in ACD.Specifically,we highlighted the key features of HIF-PHIs on ACD,such as stimulation of endogenous EPO,handling iron metabolism,inflammation-independent,and prolonging lifespan of red blood cells.In conclusion,the success of HIF-PHIs in the treatment of ACD may expand the therapeutic opportunity for other types of anemia beyond renal anemia.
