Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mech...Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.展开更多
Solvent extraction based on ionic liquids is generally considered to be an environmentally benign and effective technology for gold(Ⅰ)recovery.The aim of this work is to study gold(Ⅰ)extraction from aurocyanide solu...Solvent extraction based on ionic liquids is generally considered to be an environmentally benign and effective technology for gold(Ⅰ)recovery.The aim of this work is to study gold(Ⅰ)extraction from aurocyanide solution using fluorine-free ionic liquids[A336][SCN],[A336][MTBA]and[A336][Mal].Various factors that affect gold(Ⅰ)extraction(including concentration of ionic liquids,equilibrium pH,concentration of the modifier tributyl phosphate(TBP),reaction time and initial concentration of gold in an aqueous solution)were studied and optimized.The results indicate that the three Aliquat336-based ionic liquids all exhibit excellent behaviors for gold(Ⅰ)extraction.More than 99.8%of gold(Ⅰ)can be extracted from the aqueous phase into the ionic liquid phase.The gold-loaded ionic liquids were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to study the extraction mechanism of gold(Ⅰ).The results revealed that extraction of gold(Ⅰ)into the ionic liquid phase was based on an exchange reaction between the anion Au(CN)2-in aqueous solution and the anion SCN-in ionic liquid[A336][SCN].The logarithmic relationship between distribution coefficient and TBP concentration indicates that two TBP molecules are involved in the formation of the extracted complex.The extracted complex was determined to be A336^(+)·Au(CN)_(2)^(-)·2 TBP.In addition,the gold(Ⅰ)-loaded ionic liquids can be efficiently stripped using NH4 SCN,2-methylthiobenzoic acid and methyl maltol.The results establish that Aliquat 336-based ionic liquids have potential application prospects in gold(Ⅰ)recovery from cyanide solutions.展开更多
Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration...Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.展开更多
BACKGROUND:The study aimed to evaluate the predictive role of interleukin-6(IL-6)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)assessment test(CAT)score in mechanical ventilation(MV)in COPD patients at the acute exac...BACKGROUND:The study aimed to evaluate the predictive role of interleukin-6(IL-6)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)assessment test(CAT)score in mechanical ventilation(MV)in COPD patients at the acute exacerbation stage in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:For a one-year period,among adult patients in the ED who met the criteria of acute exacerbation of COPD,158 who received MV within 48 hours after admission were compared to 294 who didn't require MV within the same period after admission.IL-6 level and CAT score were compared between the two groups.The predicted value of IL-6 and CAT score was assessed by logistic regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS:The IL-6 and CAT scores in the 158 MV patients were much higher than those without.IL-6 and CAT scores were independent predictors of MV within 48 hours using logistic regression analysis(IL-6:odds ratio[OR]1.053,95%confidence interval[CI]1.039–1.067,P<0.001;CAT score:OR 1.122,95%CI 1.086–1.159,P<0.001).The combination of IL-6 and CAT scores(area under ROC curve[AUC]0.826,95%CI 0.786–0.866,P<0.001)improved the accuracy of predicting MV within 48 hours when compared with IL-6(AUC 0.752,95%CI 0.703–0.800,P<0.001)and CAT scores alone(AUC 0.739,95%CI 0.692–0.786,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity were 69.6%,74.1%,75.32%and 63.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combined of IL-6 and CAT scores is useful for evaluating the risk of COPD patients at acute exacerbation in ED,and can provide a predictive value for MV or not within 48 hours.展开更多
Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss...Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diamine oxidase(DAO)is secreted by epithelial cells in the intestinal villi,and its serum levels are elevated after intestinal mucosal damage.d-lactate(D-LA)is a gut microbial metabolite that can enter the ...BACKGROUND Diamine oxidase(DAO)is secreted by epithelial cells in the intestinal villi,and its serum levels are elevated after intestinal mucosal damage.d-lactate(D-LA)is a gut microbial metabolite that can enter the systemic circulation if intestinal barrier function is impaired.Both DAO and D-LA are serum markers of small bowel mucosal integrity,and can be valuable biomarkers of intestinal barrier damage in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Intestinal barrier dysfunction was recently found to contribute to psychological symptoms in IBD patients.However,the correlations among DAO,D-LA,psychological symptoms,and disease activity in IBD remain unexplored.AIM To explore the correlations between serum markers of intestinal barrier dysfunction and psychological symptoms in IBD.METHODS We enrolled of 126 participants in this study.Psychological symptom questionnaires(depression,patient health questionnaire-9;anxiety,generalized anxiety disorder-7;and stress,perceived stress scale)and a quality of life(QOL)questionnaire(IBD questionnaire 32)were collected at the baseline.Serum DAO and D-LA levels were measured to assess intestinal barrier integrity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to identify candidate markers of psychological symptoms and disease activity in IBD patients.Logistic regression was applied,with DAO as an independent variable for predicting psychological symptoms in IBD.RESULTS Serum DAO levels were significantly higher in IBD patients with moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms than in patients with mild or no psychological symptoms.DAO was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with QOL in IBD patients.ROC curves revealed that DAO was independently associated with psychological symptoms and clinical activity in patients with IBD.Additionally,logistic regression analysis revealed that each 1-ng/mL increase in DAO levels was significantly associated with an increased risk of psychological symptoms in IBD patients(OR:1.019,95%CI:1.002-1.037).These results highlight the potential of DAO as a novel biomarker for both depression and disease activity in IBD patients.CONCLUSION This study indicates that DAO may be associated with depression and disease activity in IBD patients;however,prospective studies are required to validate its causal relationship.展开更多
This paper reports the effects of fiber breakage defects and waviness defects on the compressive fatigue behavior and the progressive damage evolution process of 3D Multiaxial Braided Composites (3DMBCs). Combined wit...This paper reports the effects of fiber breakage defects and waviness defects on the compressive fatigue behavior and the progressive damage evolution process of 3D Multiaxial Braided Composites (3DMBCs). Combined with finite element compression simulation and ultra-depth microscope, the internal defect content of composites with different braiding angles was determined. The results demonstrate that the weakening effect of waviness and fiber breakage defects is greater than the strengthening effect of the braiding angle. This causes the fatigue resistance of 3DMBCs with the 31° braiding angle being better in both directions of 0° and 90°. The increase of 4° waviness and 10% fiber breakage defect results in the average fatigue life of composites being shortened by 48% and the energy consumption rate increased by 10% at 85% stress level in 90° compression direction. The alteration in loading direction modifies the included angle corresponding to the stress component. The stress component parallel to the fiber direction under compressive fatigue load leads to interfacial debonding in the composites, whereas the stress component perpendicular to the fiber direction results in pronounced shear failure.展开更多
Cyclotella cryptica,a model diatom known for its robust adaptability to variable salinity and temperature conditions,is a promising candidate for large-scale biotechnological applications.Nutrient availability,particu...Cyclotella cryptica,a model diatom known for its robust adaptability to variable salinity and temperature conditions,is a promising candidate for large-scale biotechnological applications.Nutrient availability,particularly nitrogen and phosphorus,plays a crucial role in the metabolic activities of microalgae,influencing its industrial utility.Exploring the relationship between these essential nutrients and both the yield and biochemical composition of this microalga is crucial for optimizing cultivation strategies.However,research focusing on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on C.cryptica remains limited.We investigated the impacts of varying concentrations of nitrate(0.25-3.96 mmol/L)and phosphate(14.4-229.6μmol/L)on C.cryptica culture by analyzing its growth performance,photosynthetic activity,biochemical composition,and biosilica deposition.Results indicate that C.cryptica exhibited enhanced growth,photosynthetic efficiency,and carotenoid production under higher nutrient concentrations.However,the effects of nitrate on macronutrients composition and fatty acids profile differed from those of phosphate.Specifically,increased nitrate levels resulted in higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)at the expense of saturated fatty acids(SFAs),while increased phosphate levels were associated with increased PUFAs and reduced monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs).Additionally,biosilica deposition was weakened by elevated nitrate but enhanced by increased phosphate levels.This study improved our understanding of nutrient-mediated regulatory mechanisms in diatoms and contributed valuable data to the broader field of algal biotechnology.Moreover,these findings are expected to advance the development of tailored nutrient management strategies,thereby enhancing the industrial potential of C.cryptica.展开更多
In this study,we developed a tandem photo-assisted electrochemical(PA-EC)chemical strategy for both energy-saving ammonia/fertilizer synthesis and comprehensive nitrogen-and phosphorus-rich wastewater treatment,in whi...In this study,we developed a tandem photo-assisted electrochemical(PA-EC)chemical strategy for both energy-saving ammonia/fertilizer synthesis and comprehensive nitrogen-and phosphorus-rich wastewater treatment,in which synchronous hypophosphite ion(H_(2)PO_(2)^(-))oxidation to phosphate ion(PO_(4)^(3–))(POR)and nitrate reduction(NO_(3)RR)to ammonia(NH_(3))occur,followed by cascade chemical precipitation to generate struvite.Herein,a bifunctional Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction with a yolk/shell structure and oxygen vacancies(OVs)was designed and developed to optimize the NO_(3)RR/POR.Serving as a key component,the established PA-EC system consisted of a Janus Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF self-supporting integrated photocathode and a Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF photocathode with efficient struvite PA-EC synthesis performance under a low cell voltage of 1.6 V vs NHE.Specifically,Janus Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF photocathode exhibits superior performance with a high NH3 yield of 38.06 mmol L^(-1)and a faradaic efficiency(FE)of 92.31%at 1.6 V vs.NHE and enables ammonia FE over 60%in a broad NO_(3)–concentration window of 0.005–0.5 mol L^(-1).The photoassisted electrochemical catalytic mechanism and reaction pathway for struvite synthesis on Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)were investigated through a series of experiments and theoretical calculations.The results demonstrated the critical roles of the interfacial electric field,void confinement,and oxygen vacancies in promoting the overall catalytic efficiency.These encouraging results warrant further studies on combined P and N recovery for efficient production of valuable fertilizers.展开更多
The conventional steelmaking process emits 1.8 tons of CO_(2) to produce 1 ton of crude steel,making the steel industry the world's largest emitting manufacturing sector.Here,we propose and demonstrate a renewable...The conventional steelmaking process emits 1.8 tons of CO_(2) to produce 1 ton of crude steel,making the steel industry the world's largest emitting manufacturing sector.Here,we propose and demonstrate a renewable route based on electrified carbon cycling,which significantly reduces CO_(2) emission by 83%.The critical step of the route involves electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)RR)to produce CO-rich syngas,which reduces iron ore into metallic iron(Fe_(x)O_(y)-to-Fe),effectively closing the carbon cycling.A technoeconomic analysis(TEA)reveals that the energy efficiency of this novel process is dependent on the operating parameters of CO_(2)RR,with optimal efficiency occurring at the current density range of 150-200mAcm^(-2).As a proof-of-concept study,sulfur vacancy(V_(S))-engineered Ag_(3)CuS_(2) was developed as a high-performance CO_(2)RR electrocatalyst.This catalyst yields a CO-rich syngas at a high Faradaic efficiency(FE)close to 100%at a cell voltage of 2.5 V.The CO_(2)RR-produced syngas effectively reduced iron oxide into metallic iron.The implementation of electrified carbon cycling significantly increases the utilization of electricity in steel production,reaching 88.7%.This research describes a sustainable way to reshape the ironmaking process and ultimately neutralize the steel industry.展开更多
Objective The geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)is widely used for nutritional assessment.Poor nutritional status is associated with complications and poor survival in cirrhotic patients.We aimed to investigate th...Objective The geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)is widely used for nutritional assessment.Poor nutritional status is associated with complications and poor survival in cirrhotic patients.We aimed to investigate the value of the GNRI in predicting outcomes in cirrhotic patients.Methods This retrospective study included 420 cirrhotic patients from three centers between 2013 and 2017.Patients were divided into the high GNRI group(≥92)and low GNRI group(<92).Overall survival(OS)in the two groups was evaluated via the Kaplan‒Meier method.Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the value of the GNRI in predicting outcomes.Restricted cubic spline model was used to intuitively display the dose‒response associations between the GNRI and OS.A nomogram was constructed to predict OS.Results During the 2-year follow-up period,58(13.81%)patients died,and 262(62.38%)patients experienced episodes of complications.Compared with patients in the low GNRI group,those in the high GNRI group had lower mortality rates(18.73%vs.5.23%,P<0.001).The GNRI was an independent predictor of OS(hazard ratio[HR]=0.958,95%confidence interval[CI]0.929–0.988,P=0.007).The GNRI was associated with the cumulative incidence of ascites(HR=0.954,95%CI 0.940–0.969,P<0.001),spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(HR=0.928,95%CI 0.891–0.966,P<0.001),hepatic encephalopathy(HE;HR=0.944,95%CI 0.920–0.968,P<0.001),and hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)(HR=0.916,95%CI 0.861–0.974,P=0.005).Furthermore,6 independent factors were included to construct the nomogram for OS prediction,including GNRI,age,total bilirubin,serum sodium,history of HE and HRS.The C statistics of our model were 0.83(95%CI 0.75–0.90)and 0.80(95%CI 0.73–0.86)at 1 and 2 years,respectively.Patients whose GNRI score decreased within 3 and 6 months had poorer outcomes(P<0.001).Conclusions The lower GNRI score was associated with the higher cumulative incidence of complications and poorer OS of cirrhotic patients.The GNRI could be a helpful tool for assessing nutritional status and prognosis of these patients.展开更多
The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.Ho...The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.However,the electrochemical performance of M-CO_(2)batteries faces significant challenges,particularly at extreme temperatures.Issues such as high overpotential,poor charge reversibility,and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces,sluggish oxidation kinetics,inefficient catalysts,dendrite growth,and unstable electrolytes.Despite significant advancements at room temperature,limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO_(2)batteries across a wide-temperature range.This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO_(2)battery components and their reaction mechanism,as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures.It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities,challenges,and future directions for the development of M-CO_(2)batteries.展开更多
The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of ...The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of cathode materials,which reduces the cycle stability and specific capacity,consequently limiting the practical application of zinc-ion batteries.In this work,hydroxypropylβ-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD),a special stereo cyclic organic molecule with hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer cavity,is used as the intercalator for hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH)to enlarge the layer spacing and enhance the hydrophobicity of the cathode material.The larger interlayer spacing(13.9Å)of HP-β-CD-VOH is beneficial for improving ion mobility and the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics.HP-β-CD-VOH delivers a discharge capacity of 336.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and high-rate capability(242 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).Due to the hydrophobic property of HP-β-CD in the interlayer pillar,the vanadium dissolution effect of polar water molecules can be reduced during charge and discharge;HP-β-CDVOH demonstrates sustained high efficiency and extended cycle longevity,maintaining a remarkable durability of 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1).This study presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As...Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.展开更多
The development of high-performance cathode materials is critical to the practical application of sodiumion batteries(SIBs).O3-type NaCrO_(2)(NCO)is one of the most competitive cathodes,but it suffers from rapid capac...The development of high-performance cathode materials is critical to the practical application of sodiumion batteries(SIBs).O3-type NaCrO_(2)(NCO)is one of the most competitive cathodes,but it suffers from rapid capacity decay caused by severe irreversible structural evolution.An Mg-Ti co-doped Na_(0.99)Cr_(0.95)Mg_(0.02)Ti_(0.03)O_(2)(NCO-MT)cathode material is designed and synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction to enhance the cyclability of NCO.A capacity retention of 71.6%after 2500 cycles with the capacity fade rate of 0.011%per cycle is achieved for NCO-MT at 5 C,which is attributed to the highly reversible crystal structure during cycling.Our findings offer a novel insight into the high-performance O3-type layered cathode materials for SIBs and are beneficial to promote the development of high-rate SIBs.展开更多
Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc...Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.展开更多
Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in de...Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in depression regulation,the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP)is investigated here to examine its role in mediating the rapid antidepressant response.Methods:The onset of antidepressant response was assessed through depression-related behavioral paradigms.The signaling mechanism of PACAP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)was evaluated by utilizing site-directed gene knockdown,pharmacological interventions,or optogenetic manipulations.Overall,446 mice were used for behavioral and molecular signaling testing.Mice were divided into control or experimental groups randomly in each experiment,and the experimental manipulations included:chronic paroxetine treatments(4 d,9 d,14 d)or a single treatment of ketamine;social defeat or lipopolysaccharides-injection induced depression models;different doses of PACAP(0.4 ng/site,2 ng/site,4 ng/site;microinjected into the hippocampal DG);pharmacological intra-DG interventions(CALM and PACAP6-38);intra-DG viral-mediated PACAP RNAi;and opotogenetics using channelrhodopsins 2(ChR2)or endoplasmic natronomonas halorhodopsine 3.0(eNpHR3.0).Behavioral paradigms included novelty suppressed feeding test,tail suspension test,forced swimming test,and sucrose preference test.Western blotting,ELISA,or quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR)analysis were used to detect the expressions of proteins/peptides or genes in the hippocampus.Results:Chronic administration of the slow-onset antidepressant paroxetine resulted in an increase in hippocampal PACAP expression,and intra-DG blockade of PACAP attenuated the onset of the antidepressant response.The levels of hippocampal PACAP expression were reduced in both two distinct depression animal models and intra-DG knockdown of PACAP induced depression-like behaviors.Conversely,a single infusion of PACAP into the DG region produced a rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both normal and chronically stressed mice.Optogenetic intra-DG excitation of PACAP-expressing neurons instantly elicited antidepressant responses,while optogenetic inhibition induced depression-like behaviors.The longer optogenetic excitation/inhibition elicited the more sustained antidepressant/depression-like responses.Intra-DG PACAP infusion immediately facilitated the signaling for rapid antidepressant response by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaM KⅡ)-eukaryotic elongation factor 2(eEF2)and activating the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).Pre-activation of CaMKⅡsignaling within the DG blunted PACAP-induced rapid antidepressant response as well as eEF2-mTOR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)signaling.Finally,acute ketamine treatment upregulated hippocampal PACAP expression,whereas intraDG blockade of PACAP signaling attenuated ketamine’s rapid antidepressant response.Conclusions:Activation of hippocampal PACAP signaling induces a rapid antidepressant response through the regulation of CaMKⅡinhibition-governed eEF2-mTOR-BDNF signaling.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371153(to YS)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,Nos.ZR2021MH378,ZR2022QH073(to LC)+1 种基金the Shandong Society of Geriatric Science and Technology Project,No.LKJGG2021Z020(to YS)the Yantai Science and Technology Innovation Development Project,Nos.2022YD009,2023YD050。
文摘Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent conditions that greatly impact human health.These diseases are primarily characterized by the progressive loss and eventual death of neuronal function,although the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain incompletely understood.Iron is an essential trace element in the human body,playing a crucial role in various biological processes.The maintenance of iron homeostasis relies on the body's intricate and nuanced regulatory mechanisms.In recent years,considerable attention has been directed toward the relationship between dysregulated iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases.The regulation of iron homeostasis within cells is crucial for maintaining proper nervous system function.Research has already revealed that disruptions in iron homeostasis may lead to ferroptosis and oxidative stress,which,in turn,can impact neuronal health and contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases.This article primarily explores the intimate relationship between iron homeostasis and neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to provide novel insights and strategies for treating these debilitating conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51464044)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(No.2018FB014)the Free Exploration Fund for Academician of Yunnan Province(No.2019HA005)。
文摘Solvent extraction based on ionic liquids is generally considered to be an environmentally benign and effective technology for gold(Ⅰ)recovery.The aim of this work is to study gold(Ⅰ)extraction from aurocyanide solution using fluorine-free ionic liquids[A336][SCN],[A336][MTBA]and[A336][Mal].Various factors that affect gold(Ⅰ)extraction(including concentration of ionic liquids,equilibrium pH,concentration of the modifier tributyl phosphate(TBP),reaction time and initial concentration of gold in an aqueous solution)were studied and optimized.The results indicate that the three Aliquat336-based ionic liquids all exhibit excellent behaviors for gold(Ⅰ)extraction.More than 99.8%of gold(Ⅰ)can be extracted from the aqueous phase into the ionic liquid phase.The gold-loaded ionic liquids were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to study the extraction mechanism of gold(Ⅰ).The results revealed that extraction of gold(Ⅰ)into the ionic liquid phase was based on an exchange reaction between the anion Au(CN)2-in aqueous solution and the anion SCN-in ionic liquid[A336][SCN].The logarithmic relationship between distribution coefficient and TBP concentration indicates that two TBP molecules are involved in the formation of the extracted complex.The extracted complex was determined to be A336^(+)·Au(CN)_(2)^(-)·2 TBP.In addition,the gold(Ⅰ)-loaded ionic liquids can be efficiently stripped using NH4 SCN,2-methylthiobenzoic acid and methyl maltol.The results establish that Aliquat 336-based ionic liquids have potential application prospects in gold(Ⅰ)recovery from cyanide solutions.
基金supported in part by NIH R01 NS100531,R01 NS103481NIH R21NS130241(to LD)+3 种基金Merit Review Award I01 BX002356,I01 BX003705 from the U.S.Department of Veterans AffairsIndiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Foundation(No.19919)Mari Hulman George Endowment Funds(to XMX)Indiana Spinal Cord&Brain Injury Research Fund from ISDH(to NKL and LD)。
文摘Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord.Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury.We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions.Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions.Importantly,the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury.These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.
基金supported by grants from Dongzhimen Hospital Fund of Special Talent(2018RC01)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Fund of Project(2019-JYB-XJSJJ-025)
文摘BACKGROUND:The study aimed to evaluate the predictive role of interleukin-6(IL-6)and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)assessment test(CAT)score in mechanical ventilation(MV)in COPD patients at the acute exacerbation stage in the emergency department(ED).METHODS:For a one-year period,among adult patients in the ED who met the criteria of acute exacerbation of COPD,158 who received MV within 48 hours after admission were compared to 294 who didn't require MV within the same period after admission.IL-6 level and CAT score were compared between the two groups.The predicted value of IL-6 and CAT score was assessed by logistic regression analysis and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.RESULTS:The IL-6 and CAT scores in the 158 MV patients were much higher than those without.IL-6 and CAT scores were independent predictors of MV within 48 hours using logistic regression analysis(IL-6:odds ratio[OR]1.053,95%confidence interval[CI]1.039–1.067,P<0.001;CAT score:OR 1.122,95%CI 1.086–1.159,P<0.001).The combination of IL-6 and CAT scores(area under ROC curve[AUC]0.826,95%CI 0.786–0.866,P<0.001)improved the accuracy of predicting MV within 48 hours when compared with IL-6(AUC 0.752,95%CI 0.703–0.800,P<0.001)and CAT scores alone(AUC 0.739,95%CI 0.692–0.786,P<0.001).The sensitivity and specificity were 69.6%,74.1%,75.32%and 63.6%,respectively.CONCLUSION:The combined of IL-6 and CAT scores is useful for evaluating the risk of COPD patients at acute exacerbation in ED,and can provide a predictive value for MV or not within 48 hours.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202100,2021ZD0200801,and 2021ZD0201900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130040,82288101).
文摘Dear Editor,Sleep deprivation and loss can have detrimental effects on brain function.Among common patterns of sleep loss are delayed sleep onset(early night sleep loss,EL)and premature awakening(late night sleep loss,LL).Here,we investigated the distinct impacts of EL and LL on resting-state brain activity.A total of 100 healthy students from several universities in Beijing were recruited and randomly assigned to one of three groups:EL,LL,or full sleep(FS).Restingstate functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)scans were conducted following the sleep manipulations.Compared to the FS group,the LL group showed abnormal low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)in the prefrontal cortex and insula.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270581 and No.82270546.
文摘BACKGROUND Diamine oxidase(DAO)is secreted by epithelial cells in the intestinal villi,and its serum levels are elevated after intestinal mucosal damage.d-lactate(D-LA)is a gut microbial metabolite that can enter the systemic circulation if intestinal barrier function is impaired.Both DAO and D-LA are serum markers of small bowel mucosal integrity,and can be valuable biomarkers of intestinal barrier damage in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Intestinal barrier dysfunction was recently found to contribute to psychological symptoms in IBD patients.However,the correlations among DAO,D-LA,psychological symptoms,and disease activity in IBD remain unexplored.AIM To explore the correlations between serum markers of intestinal barrier dysfunction and psychological symptoms in IBD.METHODS We enrolled of 126 participants in this study.Psychological symptom questionnaires(depression,patient health questionnaire-9;anxiety,generalized anxiety disorder-7;and stress,perceived stress scale)and a quality of life(QOL)questionnaire(IBD questionnaire 32)were collected at the baseline.Serum DAO and D-LA levels were measured to assess intestinal barrier integrity.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were used to identify candidate markers of psychological symptoms and disease activity in IBD patients.Logistic regression was applied,with DAO as an independent variable for predicting psychological symptoms in IBD.RESULTS Serum DAO levels were significantly higher in IBD patients with moderate-to-severe psychological symptoms than in patients with mild or no psychological symptoms.DAO was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with QOL in IBD patients.ROC curves revealed that DAO was independently associated with psychological symptoms and clinical activity in patients with IBD.Additionally,logistic regression analysis revealed that each 1-ng/mL increase in DAO levels was significantly associated with an increased risk of psychological symptoms in IBD patients(OR:1.019,95%CI:1.002-1.037).These results highlight the potential of DAO as a novel biomarker for both depression and disease activity in IBD patients.CONCLUSION This study indicates that DAO may be associated with depression and disease activity in IBD patients;however,prospective studies are required to validate its causal relationship.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.52073224,12472141 and 12002248)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province,China(Nos.2023KXJ-034 and 2023KXJ-005)+3 种基金Xi’an Science and Technology Plan Project,China(No.2022JH-ZCZC-0004)the Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(No.20210509)the Scientific Research Project of Shaanxi Provincial Education Department,China(No.22JC035)Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project,China(No.2024JC-JCQN-03).
文摘This paper reports the effects of fiber breakage defects and waviness defects on the compressive fatigue behavior and the progressive damage evolution process of 3D Multiaxial Braided Composites (3DMBCs). Combined with finite element compression simulation and ultra-depth microscope, the internal defect content of composites with different braiding angles was determined. The results demonstrate that the weakening effect of waviness and fiber breakage defects is greater than the strengthening effect of the braiding angle. This causes the fatigue resistance of 3DMBCs with the 31° braiding angle being better in both directions of 0° and 90°. The increase of 4° waviness and 10% fiber breakage defect results in the average fatigue life of composites being shortened by 48% and the energy consumption rate increased by 10% at 85% stress level in 90° compression direction. The alteration in loading direction modifies the included angle corresponding to the stress component. The stress component parallel to the fiber direction under compressive fatigue load leads to interfacial debonding in the composites, whereas the stress component perpendicular to the fiber direction results in pronounced shear failure.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31902370)the Ningbo Public Welfare Science and Technology Program(No.2022S161)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY22C190001)。
文摘Cyclotella cryptica,a model diatom known for its robust adaptability to variable salinity and temperature conditions,is a promising candidate for large-scale biotechnological applications.Nutrient availability,particularly nitrogen and phosphorus,plays a crucial role in the metabolic activities of microalgae,influencing its industrial utility.Exploring the relationship between these essential nutrients and both the yield and biochemical composition of this microalga is crucial for optimizing cultivation strategies.However,research focusing on the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on C.cryptica remains limited.We investigated the impacts of varying concentrations of nitrate(0.25-3.96 mmol/L)and phosphate(14.4-229.6μmol/L)on C.cryptica culture by analyzing its growth performance,photosynthetic activity,biochemical composition,and biosilica deposition.Results indicate that C.cryptica exhibited enhanced growth,photosynthetic efficiency,and carotenoid production under higher nutrient concentrations.However,the effects of nitrate on macronutrients composition and fatty acids profile differed from those of phosphate.Specifically,increased nitrate levels resulted in higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)at the expense of saturated fatty acids(SFAs),while increased phosphate levels were associated with increased PUFAs and reduced monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFAs).Additionally,biosilica deposition was weakened by elevated nitrate but enhanced by increased phosphate levels.This study improved our understanding of nutrient-mediated regulatory mechanisms in diatoms and contributed valuable data to the broader field of algal biotechnology.Moreover,these findings are expected to advance the development of tailored nutrient management strategies,thereby enhancing the industrial potential of C.cryptica.
文摘In this study,we developed a tandem photo-assisted electrochemical(PA-EC)chemical strategy for both energy-saving ammonia/fertilizer synthesis and comprehensive nitrogen-and phosphorus-rich wastewater treatment,in which synchronous hypophosphite ion(H_(2)PO_(2)^(-))oxidation to phosphate ion(PO_(4)^(3–))(POR)and nitrate reduction(NO_(3)RR)to ammonia(NH_(3))occur,followed by cascade chemical precipitation to generate struvite.Herein,a bifunctional Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction with a yolk/shell structure and oxygen vacancies(OVs)was designed and developed to optimize the NO_(3)RR/POR.Serving as a key component,the established PA-EC system consisted of a Janus Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF self-supporting integrated photocathode and a Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF photocathode with efficient struvite PA-EC synthesis performance under a low cell voltage of 1.6 V vs NHE.Specifically,Janus Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)/NF photocathode exhibits superior performance with a high NH3 yield of 38.06 mmol L^(-1)and a faradaic efficiency(FE)of 92.31%at 1.6 V vs.NHE and enables ammonia FE over 60%in a broad NO_(3)–concentration window of 0.005–0.5 mol L^(-1).The photoassisted electrochemical catalytic mechanism and reaction pathway for struvite synthesis on Cu_(2)O@NiFe_(2)O_(4)were investigated through a series of experiments and theoretical calculations.The results demonstrated the critical roles of the interfacial electric field,void confinement,and oxygen vacancies in promoting the overall catalytic efficiency.These encouraging results warrant further studies on combined P and N recovery for efficient production of valuable fertilizers.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20545,52331001)China BaoWu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation-BWLCF202113the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2202012).
文摘The conventional steelmaking process emits 1.8 tons of CO_(2) to produce 1 ton of crude steel,making the steel industry the world's largest emitting manufacturing sector.Here,we propose and demonstrate a renewable route based on electrified carbon cycling,which significantly reduces CO_(2) emission by 83%.The critical step of the route involves electrochemical CO_(2) reduction(CO_(2)RR)to produce CO-rich syngas,which reduces iron ore into metallic iron(Fe_(x)O_(y)-to-Fe),effectively closing the carbon cycling.A technoeconomic analysis(TEA)reveals that the energy efficiency of this novel process is dependent on the operating parameters of CO_(2)RR,with optimal efficiency occurring at the current density range of 150-200mAcm^(-2).As a proof-of-concept study,sulfur vacancy(V_(S))-engineered Ag_(3)CuS_(2) was developed as a high-performance CO_(2)RR electrocatalyst.This catalyst yields a CO-rich syngas at a high Faradaic efficiency(FE)close to 100%at a cell voltage of 2.5 V.The CO_(2)RR-produced syngas effectively reduced iron oxide into metallic iron.The implementation of electrified carbon cycling significantly increases the utilization of electricity in steel production,reaching 88.7%.This research describes a sustainable way to reshape the ironmaking process and ultimately neutralize the steel industry.
基金supported by grants from the Joint Tackling Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai(PW2022D08)Medical Discipline Construction Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai(PWZxq2022-6)+1 种基金Health and Family Planning Research Project of Pudong Health Committee of Shanghai(PW2021A-38)Youth Scientific Research Cultivation Fund Project of Shanghai Oriental Hospital(DFPY2022020).
文摘Objective The geriatric nutritional risk index(GNRI)is widely used for nutritional assessment.Poor nutritional status is associated with complications and poor survival in cirrhotic patients.We aimed to investigate the value of the GNRI in predicting outcomes in cirrhotic patients.Methods This retrospective study included 420 cirrhotic patients from three centers between 2013 and 2017.Patients were divided into the high GNRI group(≥92)and low GNRI group(<92).Overall survival(OS)in the two groups was evaluated via the Kaplan‒Meier method.Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the value of the GNRI in predicting outcomes.Restricted cubic spline model was used to intuitively display the dose‒response associations between the GNRI and OS.A nomogram was constructed to predict OS.Results During the 2-year follow-up period,58(13.81%)patients died,and 262(62.38%)patients experienced episodes of complications.Compared with patients in the low GNRI group,those in the high GNRI group had lower mortality rates(18.73%vs.5.23%,P<0.001).The GNRI was an independent predictor of OS(hazard ratio[HR]=0.958,95%confidence interval[CI]0.929–0.988,P=0.007).The GNRI was associated with the cumulative incidence of ascites(HR=0.954,95%CI 0.940–0.969,P<0.001),spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(HR=0.928,95%CI 0.891–0.966,P<0.001),hepatic encephalopathy(HE;HR=0.944,95%CI 0.920–0.968,P<0.001),and hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)(HR=0.916,95%CI 0.861–0.974,P=0.005).Furthermore,6 independent factors were included to construct the nomogram for OS prediction,including GNRI,age,total bilirubin,serum sodium,history of HE and HRS.The C statistics of our model were 0.83(95%CI 0.75–0.90)and 0.80(95%CI 0.73–0.86)at 1 and 2 years,respectively.Patients whose GNRI score decreased within 3 and 6 months had poorer outcomes(P<0.001).Conclusions The lower GNRI score was associated with the higher cumulative incidence of complications and poorer OS of cirrhotic patients.The GNRI could be a helpful tool for assessing nutritional status and prognosis of these patients.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52201278,No.21975260,No.22379103,No.22409074).
文摘The metal-carbon dioxide batteries,emerging as high-energy-density energy storage devices,enable direct CO_(2)utilization,offering promising prospects for CO_(2)capture and utilization,energy conversion,and storage.However,the electrochemical performance of M-CO_(2)batteries faces significant challenges,particularly at extreme temperatures.Issues such as high overpotential,poor charge reversibility,and cycling capacity decay arise from complex reaction interfaces,sluggish oxidation kinetics,inefficient catalysts,dendrite growth,and unstable electrolytes.Despite significant advancements at room temperature,limited research has focused on the performance of M-CO_(2)batteries across a wide-temperature range.This review examines the effects of low and high temperatures on M-CO_(2)battery components and their reaction mechanism,as well as the advancements made in extending operational ranges from room temperature to extremely low and high temperatures.It discusses strategies to enhance electrochemical performance at extreme temperatures and outlines opportunities,challenges,and future directions for the development of M-CO_(2)batteries.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJQN202300759)the Vanadium Titanium Materials Engineering Technology Research Center Foundation Project of Sichuan(No.2022FTGC07)+5 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3009500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22379103)the Science and Technology Projects of Suzhou City(No.SYC2022043)the Campus Science Fund Project of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Nos.2020020086 and 2020023032)the Graduate Tutor Team Construction Project of Chongqing(No.JDDSTD2022006)the Graduate Student Research Innovation Project of Chongqing(No.2024S0110)
文摘The issue of water molecule activity in aqueous zinc-ion batteries presents a significant challenge.During the charging and discharging process,the strong polarity of water molecules tends to cause the dissolution of cathode materials,which reduces the cycle stability and specific capacity,consequently limiting the practical application of zinc-ion batteries.In this work,hydroxypropylβ-cyclodextrin(HP-β-CD),a special stereo cyclic organic molecule with hydrophobic inner cavity and hydrophilic outer cavity,is used as the intercalator for hydrated vanadium oxide(VOH)to enlarge the layer spacing and enhance the hydrophobicity of the cathode material.The larger interlayer spacing(13.9Å)of HP-β-CD-VOH is beneficial for improving ion mobility and the intrinsic electrochemical reaction kinetics.HP-β-CD-VOH delivers a discharge capacity of 336.7 mAh g^(-1)at 0.2 A g^(-1)and high-rate capability(242 mAh g^(-1)at 5 A g^(-1)).Due to the hydrophobic property of HP-β-CD in the interlayer pillar,the vanadium dissolution effect of polar water molecules can be reduced during charge and discharge;HP-β-CDVOH demonstrates sustained high efficiency and extended cycle longevity,maintaining a remarkable durability of 6000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g^(-1).This study presents an effective strategy for developing high-performance aqueous zinc-ion battery cathode materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41977283)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province of China.
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution in coastal wetlands has been receiving growing attention.However,the exact mechanism of As mobility driven by tidal action is still not completely understood.The results reveal that lower total As concentrations in solution were observed in the flood-ebb treatment(FE),with the highest concentration being 7.1μg/L,and As(V)was the predominant species.However,elevated levels of total As in solution were found in the flooded treatment(FL),with a maximum value of 14.5μg/L after 30 days,and As(III)was the predominant form.The results of dissolved organicmatter(DOM)suggest that in the early to mid-stages of the incubation,fulvic acid-like substances might be utilized by microorganisms as electron donors or shuttle bodies,facilitating the reductive release of As/Fe from sediments.Both flood-ebb and flooded treatments promoted the transformation of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As into residual forms.However,prolonged flooded conditions more readily facilitated the formation of specific adsorption forms of As and the reduction of crystalline iron hydrous oxides-bound As,increasing As mobility.In addition,the flood-ebb tides have been found to increase the diversity ofmicrobial populations.The main microbial genera in the flood-ebb treatment included Salinimicrobium,Erythrobacter,Yangia,Sulfitobacter,and Marinobacter.Bacillus,Psychrobacter,and Yangia showed a significant correlation with As(V).In flooded treatment,Bacillus,Pseudomonas,and Geothermobacter played a major role in the reduction and release of As.This study significantly contributes to the current understanding of how As behaves in diverse natural environments.
基金financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFE0202400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22379103)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2021A1515010388)the Science and Technology Projects of Suzhou City(No.SYC2022043)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(2022)。
文摘The development of high-performance cathode materials is critical to the practical application of sodiumion batteries(SIBs).O3-type NaCrO_(2)(NCO)is one of the most competitive cathodes,but it suffers from rapid capacity decay caused by severe irreversible structural evolution.An Mg-Ti co-doped Na_(0.99)Cr_(0.95)Mg_(0.02)Ti_(0.03)O_(2)(NCO-MT)cathode material is designed and synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction to enhance the cyclability of NCO.A capacity retention of 71.6%after 2500 cycles with the capacity fade rate of 0.011%per cycle is achieved for NCO-MT at 5 C,which is attributed to the highly reversible crystal structure during cycling.Our findings offer a novel insight into the high-performance O3-type layered cathode materials for SIBs and are beneficial to promote the development of high-rate SIBs.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3712504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22273038,22073043,and 22033004)。
文摘Accurate description of noncova-lent interactions in large systems is challenging due to the require-ment of high-level electron corre-lation methods.The generalized energy-based fragmentation(GEBF)approach,in conjunc-tion with the domain-based local pair natural orbital(DLPNO)method,has been applied to assess the average binding energies(ABEs)of large benzene clus-ters,specifically(C6H6)13,at the coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction[CCSD(T)]level and the complete basis set(CBS)limit.Utilizing GEBF-DLPNO-CCSD(T)/CBS ABEs as benchmarks,various DFT functionals were evaluated.It was found that several functionals with empirical dispersion correction,including M06-2X-D3,B3LYP-D3(BJ),and PBE-D3(BJ),provide accurate descriptions of the ABEs for(C6H6)13 clusters.Additionally,the M06-2X-D3 functional was used to calculate the ABEs and relative stabili-ties of(C6H6)n clusters for n=11,12,13,14,and 15 revealing that the(C6H6)13 cluster ex-hibits the highest relative stability.These findings align with experimental evidence suggest-ing that n=13 is one of the magic numbers for benzene clusters(C6H6)n,with n≤30.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0201000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174002,82104416,82204652)the High-Level University Development Program of Guangdong Province,and the Guangzhou Key Science and Technology Research and Development Project(202206010109)。
文摘Background:The development of ketamine-like rapid antidepressants holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of depression,but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear.Implicated in depression regulation,the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide(PACAP)is investigated here to examine its role in mediating the rapid antidepressant response.Methods:The onset of antidepressant response was assessed through depression-related behavioral paradigms.The signaling mechanism of PACAP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus(DG)was evaluated by utilizing site-directed gene knockdown,pharmacological interventions,or optogenetic manipulations.Overall,446 mice were used for behavioral and molecular signaling testing.Mice were divided into control or experimental groups randomly in each experiment,and the experimental manipulations included:chronic paroxetine treatments(4 d,9 d,14 d)or a single treatment of ketamine;social defeat or lipopolysaccharides-injection induced depression models;different doses of PACAP(0.4 ng/site,2 ng/site,4 ng/site;microinjected into the hippocampal DG);pharmacological intra-DG interventions(CALM and PACAP6-38);intra-DG viral-mediated PACAP RNAi;and opotogenetics using channelrhodopsins 2(ChR2)or endoplasmic natronomonas halorhodopsine 3.0(eNpHR3.0).Behavioral paradigms included novelty suppressed feeding test,tail suspension test,forced swimming test,and sucrose preference test.Western blotting,ELISA,or quantitative real-time PCR(RT-PCR)analysis were used to detect the expressions of proteins/peptides or genes in the hippocampus.Results:Chronic administration of the slow-onset antidepressant paroxetine resulted in an increase in hippocampal PACAP expression,and intra-DG blockade of PACAP attenuated the onset of the antidepressant response.The levels of hippocampal PACAP expression were reduced in both two distinct depression animal models and intra-DG knockdown of PACAP induced depression-like behaviors.Conversely,a single infusion of PACAP into the DG region produced a rapid and sustained antidepressant response in both normal and chronically stressed mice.Optogenetic intra-DG excitation of PACAP-expressing neurons instantly elicited antidepressant responses,while optogenetic inhibition induced depression-like behaviors.The longer optogenetic excitation/inhibition elicited the more sustained antidepressant/depression-like responses.Intra-DG PACAP infusion immediately facilitated the signaling for rapid antidepressant response by inhibiting calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(CaM KⅡ)-eukaryotic elongation factor 2(eEF2)and activating the mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR).Pre-activation of CaMKⅡsignaling within the DG blunted PACAP-induced rapid antidepressant response as well as eEF2-mTOR-brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)signaling.Finally,acute ketamine treatment upregulated hippocampal PACAP expression,whereas intraDG blockade of PACAP signaling attenuated ketamine’s rapid antidepressant response.Conclusions:Activation of hippocampal PACAP signaling induces a rapid antidepressant response through the regulation of CaMKⅡinhibition-governed eEF2-mTOR-BDNF signaling.
