BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes i...BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes in network functional connectivity(FC)in patients with OCD with GCBT remain unclear.AIM To investigate inter-and intra-network resting-state FC(rs-FC)abnormalities before and after GCBT in unmedicated patients with OCD and validate the efficacy of GCBT.METHODS Overall,33 individuals with OCD and 26 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The patients were rescanned 12 weeks after GCBT.Four cognition-related networks-default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention network(DAN),salience network(SAN),and frontoparietal network(FPN)-were selected to examine FC abnormalities within and between OCD networks before and after GCBT.Neuropsychological assessments including memory,executive function,speech,attention,and visuospatial ability were reassessed following GCBT.Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the relationship between aberrant FC in cognition-related networks and altered neuropsychological assessments in patients.RESULTS Rs-FC within the DMN and DAN decreased significantly.Additionally,rs-FC between the DMN-DAN,DMNFPN,DMN-SAN,and DAN-SAN also decreased.Significant improvements were observed in cognitive functions,such as memory,executive function,attention,and visuospatial ability.Furthermore,reduced rs-FC within the DMN correlated with visuospatial ability and executive function;DAN positively correlated with Shape Trails Test(STT)-A test elapsed time;DMN-DAN negatively correlated with Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(Rey-O)mimicry time and the three elapsed times of the tower of Hanoi;DMN-SAN negatively correlated with Rey-O imitation time and positively correlated with STT-A test elapsed time;and DMN-FPN negatively correlated with Auditory Word Learning Test N1 and N4 scores.CONCLUSION Decreased rs-FC within the DMN and DAN,which correlated with executive function post-treatment,has potential as a neuroimaging marker to predict treatment response to GCBT in patients with OCD.展开更多
Comparative analyses in ecology and evolution often face the challenge of controlling for the effects of shared ancestry(phylogeny)from those of ecological or trait-based predictors on species traits.Phylogenetic Gene...Comparative analyses in ecology and evolution often face the challenge of controlling for the effects of shared ancestry(phylogeny)from those of ecological or trait-based predictors on species traits.Phylogenetic Generalized Linear Models(PGLMs)address this issue by integrating phylogenetic relationships into statistical models.However,accurately partitioning explained variance among correlated predictors remains challenging.The phylolm.hp R package tackles this problem by extending the concept of“average shared variance”to PGLMs,enabling nuanced quantificationof the relative importance of phylogeny and other predictors.The package calculates individual likelihood-based R^(2) contributions of phylogeny and each predictor,accounting for both unique and shared explained variance.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional partial R^(2) methods,which often fail to sum the total R^(2) due to multicollinearity.We demonstrate the functionality of phylolm.hp through two case studies:one involving continuous trait data(maximum tree height in Californian species)and another focusing on binary trait data(species invasiveness in North American forests).The phylolm.hp package offers researchers a powerful tool to disentangle the contributions of phylogenetic and ecological predictors in comparative analyses.展开更多
Objective Th17 cell-mediated immune injury is a crucial factor contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN).However,the exact mechanisms by which Th17 cells induce tubulointerstit...Objective Th17 cell-mediated immune injury is a crucial factor contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN).However,the exact mechanisms by which Th17 cells induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis remain to be fully elucidated.Methods An IgAN mouse model was established and validated.Transcriptome sequencing,combined with bioinformatics analysis,was carried out to explore the immune injury pathways in renal tissues and the activation pathways in Th17 cells that were co-cultured with tubular epithelial cells.In subsequent experiments,small interfering RNA(siRNA)and overexpression plasmids were used to manipulate cellular targets.Validation was conducted through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence assays.Results Compared with the control mice,IgAN mice exhibited elevated serum creatinine levels and increased urine protein-to-creatinine ratios.Renal pathological examination revealed the characteristic features of IgAN.Transcriptomic analysis of the kidney tissues from the model mice showed the activation of Th17 differentiation pathways,which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis showing increased expression of interleukin-17A(IL-17A).These findings indicate an increased abundance of Th17 cells with potential pathogenic significance.When Th17 cells were co-cultured with tubular epithelial cells,the level of interleukin-9(IL-9)in the system increased.This increase in IL-9 activated the Janus kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK1-STAT3)pathway through the IL-9 receptor(IL-9R)and upregulated the signature transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma(ROR-γ),thus promoting Th17 cell differentiation.When IL-9R was silenced using siRNA or when the activity of STAT3 was inhibited,both the levels of phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)and ROR-γdecreased.Moreover,IL-17A secreted by Th17 cells promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB)in tubular epithelial cells by activating the IL-17 receptor A(IL-17RA)–adaptor protein Act1–tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)complex.This process regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and drove the initiation and progression of fibrosis.Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor in IgAN mice led to a reduction in the number of renal Th17 cells and alleviated the fibrotic phenotype.Conclusion This study demonstrated that the interaction between Th17 cells and tubular epithelial cells triggers excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the tubulointerstitium,thereby exacerbating the fibrotic phenotype and accelerating the progression of IgAN.展开更多
Phase change thermal interface materials(PC-TIMs)have emerged as a promising solution to address the increasing thermal management challenges in electronic devices.This is attributed to their dual mechanisms of latent...Phase change thermal interface materials(PC-TIMs)have emerged as a promising solution to address the increasing thermal management challenges in electronic devices.This is attributed to their dual mechanisms of latent heat absorption and phase change-induced interfacial wettability.This review explores the fundamental principles,material innovations,and diverse applications of PC-TIMs.The heat transfer enhancement mechanisms are first underlined with key factors such as thermal carrier mismatch at the microscale and contact geometry at the macroscale,emphasizing the importance of material selection and design for optimizing thermal performance.Section 2 focuses on corresponding experimental approaches provided,including intrinsic thermal conductivity improvements and interfacial heat transfer optimization.Section 3 discusses common methods such as physical adsorption via porous materials,chain-crosslinked network designs,and core-shell structures,and their effects on leakage prevention,heat transfer enhancement,and application flexibility.Furthermore,the extended applications of PC-TIMs in thermal energy storage are explored in Section 4,suggesting their potential in diverse technological fields.The current challenges in interfacial heat transfer research and the prospect of PC-TIMs are also discussed.The data-driven machine learning technologies will play an increasingly important role in addressing material development and performance prediction.展开更多
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture(EA) at ST36 can significantly improve gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in promoting gastrointestinal motility. The automatic nervous system plays a main role in EA, but few studies e...BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture(EA) at ST36 can significantly improve gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in promoting gastrointestinal motility. The automatic nervous system plays a main role in EA, but few studies exist on how vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes affect EA to regulate gastrointestinal motility.AIM To study the role of vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes in EA at ST36, as well as the associated receptor subtypes that are involved.METHODS Gastric motility was measured with a manometric balloon placed in the gastric antrum area in anesthetized animals. The peripheral nervous discharge was measured using a platinum electrode hooking the vagus or greater splanchnic nerve, and the central nervous discharge was measured with a glass microelectrode in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus(DMV). The effects and mechanisms of EA at ST36 were explored in male Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided in to a control group, vagotomy group, sympathectomy group, and microinjection group [including an artificial cerebrospinal fluid group, glutamate(L-Glu) group, and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) group] and in genetically modified male mice [β1β2 receptor-knockout(β1β2^(-/-)) mice, M2M3 receptorknockout(M2M3^(-/-)) mice, and wild-type control mice].RESULTS EA at ST36 promoted gastric motility during 30-120 s. During EA, both vagus and sympathetic nerve discharges increased, with a much higher frequency of vagus nerve discharge than sympathetic discharge. The gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was interdicted by vagotomy. However, gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was increased during 0-120 s by sympathectomy, which eliminated the delay effect of EA during 0-30 s, but it was lower than the control group during 30-120 s. Using gene knockout mice and their wild-type controls to explore the receptor mechanisms, we found that EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility in M2/3^(-/-) mice, and promoted gastric motility in β1/2^(-/-) mice. Extracellular recordings showed that EA at ST36 increased spikes of the DMV. Microinjection of L-Glu into the DMV increased gastric motility, while EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility during 0-60 s, and promoted gastric motility during 60-120 s.Injection of GABA reduced or increased gastric motility, and reduced the promoting gastric motility effect of EA at ST36.CONCLUSION These data suggest that EA at ST36 modulates gastric motility via vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes mediated through M2/3 and β1/2 receptors, respectively.Sympathetic nerve activity mediated through β1/2 receptors is associated with an early delay in modulation of gastric motility by EA at ST36.展开更多
Ultrasonic cavitation modification(UCM)employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties.To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of...Ultrasonic cavitation modification(UCM)employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties.To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM,the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31 B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene,respectively.The effects of ultrasonic amplitude,distance from the sample,and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied.The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to1.5–3 times after UCM in water,which was 23.77–48.19%higher than that in kerosene.The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31 B were refined after UCM.The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 lm after UCM in water,and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 lm and 2.5 lm,while the former was more than 40 lm and the latter were concentrated between 2 lm and 10 lm in kerosene.This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene.Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.展开更多
The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP...The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP was determined.Purifi ed components of fermented Tremella polysaccharide(FTPS)was made of galactose,mannose,glucose,galactosmine,glucosamine,and contain a large amount of hydroxyl,carbonyl and amino groups.FTPS wasα-neutral pyranose without uronic acid.FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were obtained after purifi cation by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow Column.The molecular weights of FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were 25722 and 177263 Da.FTPS-2 had a better ability to prevent moisture loss,and the optimal moisture retention period was 0–4 h.FTPS-2 could signifi cantly increase the moisture content of the skin epidermis and showed a dose-concentration relationship.The effect of FTPS-2 on the expression of different moisturizing genes was evaluated in a human skin keratinocyte model.The results showed that FTPS-2 has no cytotoxicity,and could signifi cantly promote AQP3,TGM1,CASP14,HYAL2,FLG gene expression level in HaCaT cells.It has the most signifi cant infl uence at HYAL2 protein expression on 50μg/mL.展开更多
The second edition of the expert consensus on pediatric nutrition was formed based on a global update of pedia-tric nutrition guidelines or consensus worldwide,the management of congenital heart disease,and the result...The second edition of the expert consensus on pediatric nutrition was formed based on a global update of pedia-tric nutrition guidelines or consensus worldwide,the management of congenital heart disease,and the results of multi-center clinical nutrition research for congenital heart disease following thefirst Chinese consensus edition of 2016.The consensus was also shaped by the results of three discussion sessions and two questionnaires con-ducted by the 13-member collaboration group.This process was informed by both clinical guidelines and expert consensus.The quality of literature,both in English and Chinese,and the level of recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluations(GRADE)system.展开更多
Human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) promote recovery after ischemic stro ke;however,the therapeutic efficacy is limited by the poor survival of transplanted cells.For in vitro expe riments in the present study,we use...Human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) promote recovery after ischemic stro ke;however,the therapeutic efficacy is limited by the poor survival of transplanted cells.For in vitro expe riments in the present study,we used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in hDPSCs to mimic cell damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion.We found that miRNA-34a-5p(miR-34a) was elevated under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation conditions in hDPSCs.Inhibition of miR-34a facilitated the prolife ration and antioxidant capacity and reduced the apoptosis of hDPSCs.Moreove r,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed WNT1and SIRT1 as the targets of miR-34a.In miR-34a knockdown cell lines,WNT1 suppression reduced cell prolife ration,and SIRT1 suppression decreased the antioxidant capacity.Togethe r,these results indicated that miR-34a regulates cell prolife ration and antioxidant stress via targeting WNT1 and SIRT1,respectively.For in vivo expe riments,we injected genetically modified hDPSCs(anti34a-hDPSCs) into the brains of mice.We found that anti34a-hDPSCs significantly inhibited apoptosis,reduced cerebral edema and cerebral infarct volume,and improved motor function in mice.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of the cell prolife ration and antioxidant capacity of hDPSCs,and suggests a potential gene that can be targeted to improve the survival rate and efficacy of transplanted hDPSCs in brain after ischemic stroke.展开更多
Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaph...Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- （1→2）-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-acetyl-3-methyl-8-methoxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.展开更多
Gastrodia elata,a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Orchidaceae family,contains several major components such as gastrodin,polysaccharides of Gastrodia elata,and parishin.The pharmacological studies conduc...Gastrodia elata,a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Orchidaceae family,contains several major components such as gastrodin,polysaccharides of Gastrodia elata,and parishin.The pharmacological studies conducted on Gastrodia elata have revealed a variety of therapeutic properties,including antihypertensive,hypolipidemic,analgesic,and sedative-hypnotic properties.Thus,in this paper,we summarized the pharmacological effects of Gastrodia elata’s major components,namely gastrodin,polysaccharides of Gastrodia elata,parishin,and different types of Gastrodia elata extracts,on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,hyperglycemia,myocardial ischemia,myocardial hypoxia,myocarditis,and heart failure.Additionally,we conclude the mechanisms through which these active ingredients exert their therapeutic effects,including antioxidants,anti-inflammatory,and nitric oxide regulation.We provide insights into the therapeutic potential of Gastrodia elata with a detailed review of its pharmacological effects and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease protection and therapy,and can better understand the effect of traditional medicines in cardiovascular disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND Repeat cesarean deliverys involve a longer surgery and more severe visceral traction than primary cesarean deliverys.The dural puncture epidural(DPE)technique provides faster and more effective analgesia fo...BACKGROUND Repeat cesarean deliverys involve a longer surgery and more severe visceral traction than primary cesarean deliverys.The dural puncture epidural(DPE)technique provides faster and more effective analgesia for labor,but there is no sufficient evidence to indicate whether it is suitable for parturients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.AIM To determine the efficacy and safety of the DPE anesthesia technique in patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.METHODS Patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery were randomly divided into the DPE and epidural anesthesia(EA)groups.A 25-G spinal needle was used for dural puncture via a 19-G epidural needle.The patients in the two groups were injected with 5 mL of 2%lidocaine followed by 15 mL of a mixture of 1%lidocaine+0.5%ropivacaine as the epidural dosage.The primary outcome was the onset time of sensory block to the T6 dermatome level and the sensory and motor block degree.RESULTS A total of 115 women were included(EA:57,DPE:58).The mean time to sensory block to the T6 Level was significantly shorter in the DPE group than in the EA group(14.7 min vs 16.6 min;95%confidence interval,13.9 to 15.4 vs 15.8 to 17.4;P=0.001).The cranial sensory block level was significantly higher at 5,10,and 15 min after the initial dose in the DPE group than in the EA group(P<0.05).The sacral sensory block level was significantly higher and the modified bromage score was significantly lower in the DPE group at each time point(P<0.05).Adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The DPE technique provided higher-quality anesthesia than the EA technique,with a rapid onset of surgical anesthesia,better cranial and sacral sensory block spread and a higher motor block degree,without increasing the incidence of maternal or fetal side effects in patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.展开更多
AIM:To report the clinical characteristics,treatment and outcomes of active syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)positive patients and compare them with the previously published data.METHODS:Retrospe...AIM:To report the clinical characteristics,treatment and outcomes of active syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)positive patients and compare them with the previously published data.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of the case series from an infectious disease center in southern China was conducted.Comprehensive review of previously published cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases and the references listed in the identified articles.RESULTS:Twelve HIV positive patients with active syphilitic uveitis were collected.All were male,with age of 36.3y(range 27 to 53y).Five(41.7%)had a history of syphilis,and three of them had received anti-syphilis treatment.Ocular manifestations included corneal epithelial defect(13%),complicated cataract(17.4%),vitreous opacity(82.6%),optic disc edema(26.1%),macular edema(30.4%),neuro-retinitis(43.5%),and retinal hemorrhage(26.1%).After standardized syphilitic treatment,intraocular inflammation was reduced and vision improved in all cases.The literature review summarizes 105 previously reported cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis.High serum rapid plasma regain(RPR)titers may be associated with severe uveitis and poor vision.Treatment with penicillin,ceftriaxone sodium,or penicillin plus benzylpenicillin instead of using benzylpenicillin alone can significantly improve bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA)in HIV positive ocular syphilis patients.CONCLUSION:For HIV positive syphilitic uveitis patients,prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment and follow-up are paramount.In our series,the clinical manifestations are diverse.Syphilis patients treated by penicillin G or long-acting penicillin before may still develop syphilitic uveitis.Patients who relapse after long-term penicillin treatment can still benefit from penicillin G.展开更多
Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)seriously affects people’s quality of life.Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI.Dental stem cells,particularly dental pulp stem cells(DP...Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)seriously affects people’s quality of life.Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI.Dental stem cells,particularly dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm.DPSCs have significant potential in the field of neural tissue engineering due to their numerous advantages,such as easy isolation,multidifferentiation potential,low immunogenicity,and low transplant rejection rate.DPSCs are extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,including for the treatment of sciatic nerve injury,facial nerve injury,spinal cord injury,and other neurodegenerative diseases.This article reviews research related to DPSCs and their advantages in treating PNI,aiming to summarize the therapeutic potential of DPSCs for PNI and the underlying mechanisms and providing valuable guidance and a foundation for future research.展开更多
We theoretically study the band structure and optical conductivity of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG) near the magic angle considering the effects of lattice relaxation. We show that the optical conductivity spectrum is...We theoretically study the band structure and optical conductivity of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG) near the magic angle considering the effects of lattice relaxation. We show that the optical conductivity spectrum is characterized by a series of peaks associated with the van Hove singularities in the band structure, and the peak energies evolve systematically with the twist angle. Lattice relaxation effects in TBG modify its band structure, especially the flat bands, which leads to significant shifts of the peaks in the optical conductivity. These results demonstrate that spectroscopic features in the optical conductivity can serve as fingerprints for exploring the band structure, band gap, and lattice relaxation in magic-angle TBG as well as identifying its rotation angle.展开更多
Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor phot...Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor photocatalyst,have adjustable bandgaps and high specific surface areas,and can be synthesized using diverse methods.In this work,we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs)utilizing polycondensation of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate.PCMPs with different chemical structures were synthesized via adjusting monomers with different geometries and contents of nitrogen element,which could adjust the bandgap and photocatalytic performance.Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate(HER)up to 1198.9μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) was achieved on the optimized polymer with a specific surface area of 312 m^(2)·g^(-1) under UV-Vis light irradiation(A>320 nm).This metal-free synthetic method provides a new avenue to preparing an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.展开更多
Tribochemcial polishing is one of the most efficient methods for polishing CVD （Chemical Vapor Deposition） diamond film due to the use of catalytic metal. However the difficulty to control the interface temperature ...Tribochemcial polishing is one of the most efficient methods for polishing CVD （Chemical Vapor Deposition） diamond film due to the use of catalytic metal. However the difficulty to control the interface temperature during polishing process often results in low material removal because of the unstable contact process. So this research investigates the contact process in the tribo- chemical polishing of CVD diamond film and proposes a dynamic contact model for predicting the actual contact area, the actual contact pressure, and the interface tem- perature in the polishing process. This model has been verified by characterizing surface metrology of the CVD diamond with Talysurf CLI2000 3D Surface Topography and measuring the polishing temperature. The theoretical and experimental results shows that the height distribution of asperities on diamond film surface in the polishing process is well evaluated by combining the height distribution of original and polished asperities. The modeled surface asperity height distribution of diamond film agrees with the actual surface metrology in polishing process. The actual contact pressure is very large due to the small actual contact area. The predicted interface temperature can reach the catalytic reaction temperature between diamond and polishing plate when the lowest rotation speed and load are 10 000 r/min and 50 N, respectively, and diamond material is significantly removed. The model may provide effective process theory for tribochemcial polishing.展开更多
Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),particularly in the early stages of the disease.The multiplicity advantages of stem cell transpl...Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),particularly in the early stages of the disease.The multiplicity advantages of stem cell transplantation make it fascinating therapeutic strategy for many neurodegenerative diseases.We herein demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)mediated oxidative stress improvement and neuroreparative effects in in vitro AD models,playing critical roles in regulating the polarization of hyperreactive microglia cells and the recovery of damaged neurons.Importantly,these therapeutic effects were reflected in 10-month-old 3xTgAD mice after a single transplantation of hDPSCs,with the treated mice showing significant improvement in cognitive function and neuropathological features.Mechanistically,antioxidant and neuroprotective effects,as well as cognitive enhancements elicited by h DPSCs,were at least partially mediated by Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and downstream antioxidant enzymes expression through the activation of the AKT-GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway.In conclusion,our findings corroborated the neuroprotective capacity of h DPSCs to reshape the neuropathological microenvironment in both in vitro and in vivo AD models,which may be a tremendous potential therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
We developed a nicking endonuclease dependent DNA amplification (NDA), using Nt.BstNBI to catalyze single-stranded nick on double-stranded DNA, and Bst DNA polymerase to make extension while sealing the nick and displ...We developed a nicking endonuclease dependent DNA amplification (NDA), using Nt.BstNBI to catalyze single-stranded nick on double-stranded DNA, and Bst DNA polymerase to make extension while sealing the nick and displacing the downstream strand. The displaced single-stranded DNA thereby serves as template for primers hybridization and extension, resulting in exponential synthesis of target DNA under isothermal condition. Over 105 folds target DNA amplification can be achieved in 30 minutes, generating DNA product suitable for both diagnosis and DNA cloning. This NDA strategy does not require thermal cycling or prerequisite nucleotides modification, making it suitable for application in the field and at the point-of-care.展开更多
The rubber composites with good thermal conductivity contribute to heat dissipation of tires. Graphite filled natural rubber composites were developed in this study to provide good thermal conductivity. Graphite was c...The rubber composites with good thermal conductivity contribute to heat dissipation of tires. Graphite filled natural rubber composites were developed in this study to provide good thermal conductivity. Graphite was coated with polyacrylate polymerized by monomers including methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and acrylic acid. The ratios between a filler and acrylate polymerization emulsion and those between monomers were varied. Eight types of surface modification formulas were experimentally investigated. Modification formula can affect coating results and composite properties greatly. The best coating type was achieved by a ratio of1:1 between methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate. The coating of graphite was thermally stable in a running tire. Filled with modified graphite, the tire thermal conductivity reached up to 0.517–0.569 W·m-1·K-1. In addition, the mechanical performance was improved with increased crosslink density, extended scorch time and short vulcanization time.展开更多
基金Supported by the Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province,No.2023RC266the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo,No.202003N4266.
文摘BACKGROUND Group cognitive behavioral therapy(GCBT)is increasingly being used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)because of its high efficiency,economy,and interaction among group members.However,the changes in network functional connectivity(FC)in patients with OCD with GCBT remain unclear.AIM To investigate inter-and intra-network resting-state FC(rs-FC)abnormalities before and after GCBT in unmedicated patients with OCD and validate the efficacy of GCBT.METHODS Overall,33 individuals with OCD and 26 healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.The patients were rescanned 12 weeks after GCBT.Four cognition-related networks-default mode network(DMN),dorsal attention network(DAN),salience network(SAN),and frontoparietal network(FPN)-were selected to examine FC abnormalities within and between OCD networks before and after GCBT.Neuropsychological assessments including memory,executive function,speech,attention,and visuospatial ability were reassessed following GCBT.Pearson’s correlations were used to analyze the relationship between aberrant FC in cognition-related networks and altered neuropsychological assessments in patients.RESULTS Rs-FC within the DMN and DAN decreased significantly.Additionally,rs-FC between the DMN-DAN,DMNFPN,DMN-SAN,and DAN-SAN also decreased.Significant improvements were observed in cognitive functions,such as memory,executive function,attention,and visuospatial ability.Furthermore,reduced rs-FC within the DMN correlated with visuospatial ability and executive function;DAN positively correlated with Shape Trails Test(STT)-A test elapsed time;DMN-DAN negatively correlated with Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure(Rey-O)mimicry time and the three elapsed times of the tower of Hanoi;DMN-SAN negatively correlated with Rey-O imitation time and positively correlated with STT-A test elapsed time;and DMN-FPN negatively correlated with Auditory Word Learning Test N1 and N4 scores.CONCLUSION Decreased rs-FC within the DMN and DAN,which correlated with executive function post-treatment,has potential as a neuroimaging marker to predict treatment response to GCBT in patients with OCD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271551,32571954)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805800)the Metasequoia funding of Nanjing Forestry University.
文摘Comparative analyses in ecology and evolution often face the challenge of controlling for the effects of shared ancestry(phylogeny)from those of ecological or trait-based predictors on species traits.Phylogenetic Generalized Linear Models(PGLMs)address this issue by integrating phylogenetic relationships into statistical models.However,accurately partitioning explained variance among correlated predictors remains challenging.The phylolm.hp R package tackles this problem by extending the concept of“average shared variance”to PGLMs,enabling nuanced quantificationof the relative importance of phylogeny and other predictors.The package calculates individual likelihood-based R^(2) contributions of phylogeny and each predictor,accounting for both unique and shared explained variance.This approach overcomes limitations of traditional partial R^(2) methods,which often fail to sum the total R^(2) due to multicollinearity.We demonstrate the functionality of phylolm.hp through two case studies:one involving continuous trait data(maximum tree height in Californian species)and another focusing on binary trait data(species invasiveness in North American forests).The phylolm.hp package offers researchers a powerful tool to disentangle the contributions of phylogenetic and ecological predictors in comparative analyses.
基金supported by grants from the Open Grant from the Pingyuan Laboratory(No.2023PYOP-0203)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2023QNRC001)+1 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7244407)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82400846 and 82274327).
文摘Objective Th17 cell-mediated immune injury is a crucial factor contributing to tubulointerstitial fibrosis in patients with IgA nephropathy(IgAN).However,the exact mechanisms by which Th17 cells induce tubulointerstitial fibrosis remain to be fully elucidated.Methods An IgAN mouse model was established and validated.Transcriptome sequencing,combined with bioinformatics analysis,was carried out to explore the immune injury pathways in renal tissues and the activation pathways in Th17 cells that were co-cultured with tubular epithelial cells.In subsequent experiments,small interfering RNA(siRNA)and overexpression plasmids were used to manipulate cellular targets.Validation was conducted through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),Western blotting,and immunofluorescence assays.Results Compared with the control mice,IgAN mice exhibited elevated serum creatinine levels and increased urine protein-to-creatinine ratios.Renal pathological examination revealed the characteristic features of IgAN.Transcriptomic analysis of the kidney tissues from the model mice showed the activation of Th17 differentiation pathways,which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis showing increased expression of interleukin-17A(IL-17A).These findings indicate an increased abundance of Th17 cells with potential pathogenic significance.When Th17 cells were co-cultured with tubular epithelial cells,the level of interleukin-9(IL-9)in the system increased.This increase in IL-9 activated the Janus kinase 1-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK1-STAT3)pathway through the IL-9 receptor(IL-9R)and upregulated the signature transcription factor retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma(ROR-γ),thus promoting Th17 cell differentiation.When IL-9R was silenced using siRNA or when the activity of STAT3 was inhibited,both the levels of phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)and ROR-γdecreased.Moreover,IL-17A secreted by Th17 cells promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB)in tubular epithelial cells by activating the IL-17 receptor A(IL-17RA)–adaptor protein Act1–tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6(TRAF6)complex.This process regulated the production of inflammatory cytokines and drove the initiation and progression of fibrosis.Treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor in IgAN mice led to a reduction in the number of renal Th17 cells and alleviated the fibrotic phenotype.Conclusion This study demonstrated that the interaction between Th17 cells and tubular epithelial cells triggers excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the tubulointerstitium,thereby exacerbating the fibrotic phenotype and accelerating the progression of IgAN.
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52306214,52425601,and 52276074)the Shanghai Chenguang Plan Program(Grant No.22CGA78)the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4404104)。
文摘Phase change thermal interface materials(PC-TIMs)have emerged as a promising solution to address the increasing thermal management challenges in electronic devices.This is attributed to their dual mechanisms of latent heat absorption and phase change-induced interfacial wettability.This review explores the fundamental principles,material innovations,and diverse applications of PC-TIMs.The heat transfer enhancement mechanisms are first underlined with key factors such as thermal carrier mismatch at the microscale and contact geometry at the macroscale,emphasizing the importance of material selection and design for optimizing thermal performance.Section 2 focuses on corresponding experimental approaches provided,including intrinsic thermal conductivity improvements and interfacial heat transfer optimization.Section 3 discusses common methods such as physical adsorption via porous materials,chain-crosslinked network designs,and core-shell structures,and their effects on leakage prevention,heat transfer enhancement,and application flexibility.Furthermore,the extended applications of PC-TIMs in thermal energy storage are explored in Section 4,suggesting their potential in diverse technological fields.The current challenges in interfacial heat transfer research and the prospect of PC-TIMs are also discussed.The data-driven machine learning technologies will play an increasingly important role in addressing material development and performance prediction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81373749No.81574071,and No.81673883
文摘BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture(EA) at ST36 can significantly improve gastrointestinal symptoms, especially in promoting gastrointestinal motility. The automatic nervous system plays a main role in EA, but few studies exist on how vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes affect EA to regulate gastrointestinal motility.AIM To study the role of vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes in EA at ST36, as well as the associated receptor subtypes that are involved.METHODS Gastric motility was measured with a manometric balloon placed in the gastric antrum area in anesthetized animals. The peripheral nervous discharge was measured using a platinum electrode hooking the vagus or greater splanchnic nerve, and the central nervous discharge was measured with a glass microelectrode in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus(DMV). The effects and mechanisms of EA at ST36 were explored in male Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided in to a control group, vagotomy group, sympathectomy group, and microinjection group [including an artificial cerebrospinal fluid group, glutamate(L-Glu) group, and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) group] and in genetically modified male mice [β1β2 receptor-knockout(β1β2^(-/-)) mice, M2M3 receptorknockout(M2M3^(-/-)) mice, and wild-type control mice].RESULTS EA at ST36 promoted gastric motility during 30-120 s. During EA, both vagus and sympathetic nerve discharges increased, with a much higher frequency of vagus nerve discharge than sympathetic discharge. The gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was interdicted by vagotomy. However, gastric motility mediated by EA at ST36 was increased during 0-120 s by sympathectomy, which eliminated the delay effect of EA during 0-30 s, but it was lower than the control group during 30-120 s. Using gene knockout mice and their wild-type controls to explore the receptor mechanisms, we found that EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility in M2/3^(-/-) mice, and promoted gastric motility in β1/2^(-/-) mice. Extracellular recordings showed that EA at ST36 increased spikes of the DMV. Microinjection of L-Glu into the DMV increased gastric motility, while EA at ST36 decreased gastric motility during 0-60 s, and promoted gastric motility during 60-120 s.Injection of GABA reduced or increased gastric motility, and reduced the promoting gastric motility effect of EA at ST36.CONCLUSION These data suggest that EA at ST36 modulates gastric motility via vagovagal and sympathetic reflexes mediated through M2/3 and β1/2 receptors, respectively.Sympathetic nerve activity mediated through β1/2 receptors is associated with an early delay in modulation of gastric motility by EA at ST36.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005455 and 51975540)Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(Nos.201901D211205 and 201901D211201)+2 种基金the Coal Seam Gas Joint Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2015012018)the Opening Foundation of Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology(No.XJZZ202002)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Colleges and Universities(No.2019L0592)。
文摘Ultrasonic cavitation modification(UCM)employs cavitation effect to induce strong plastic deformation on the material surface and improve surface properties.To explore the surface strengthening and grain refinement of materials by UCM,the UCM orthogonal experiments of AZ31 B magnesium alloy were carried out in water and kerosene,respectively.The effects of ultrasonic amplitude,distance from the sample,and processing time on Vickers hardness and grain size of the material were studied.The results showed that the Vickers hardness of samples increased to1.5–3 times after UCM in water,which was 23.77–48.19%higher than that in kerosene.The metallographic observation indicated the grains on the surface of AZ31 B were refined after UCM.The maximum fluctuation of grain size on the material surface was not more than 10 lm after UCM in water,and most of them were concentrated between 1.5 lm and 2.5 lm,while the former was more than 40 lm and the latter were concentrated between 2 lm and 10 lm in kerosene.This reflected that the grain refinement effect of UCM in water was better than that in kerosene.Ultrasonic cavitation can be used as a benign means to improve the surface properties of materials.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Open Project Program of National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology(20200110)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project(18495810900).
文摘The structure and moisture retention of Tremella polysaccharide fermented from GCMCC5.39(FTP)were evaluated.After UV,infrared spectrum analysis,HPAEC-PAD,HPSEC and 1 D NMR analysis,the composition of the purifi ed FTP was determined.Purifi ed components of fermented Tremella polysaccharide(FTPS)was made of galactose,mannose,glucose,galactosmine,glucosamine,and contain a large amount of hydroxyl,carbonyl and amino groups.FTPS wasα-neutral pyranose without uronic acid.FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were obtained after purifi cation by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow Column.The molecular weights of FTPS-1 and FTPS-2 were 25722 and 177263 Da.FTPS-2 had a better ability to prevent moisture loss,and the optimal moisture retention period was 0–4 h.FTPS-2 could signifi cantly increase the moisture content of the skin epidermis and showed a dose-concentration relationship.The effect of FTPS-2 on the expression of different moisturizing genes was evaluated in a human skin keratinocyte model.The results showed that FTPS-2 has no cytotoxicity,and could signifi cantly promote AQP3,TGM1,CASP14,HYAL2,FLG gene expression level in HaCaT cells.It has the most signifi cant infl uence at HYAL2 protein expression on 50μg/mL.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81970265,82270310)a Sub-Project of the National Key R&D Program“The recognition and Identification of Genetic Pathogenic Genes for Structural Birth Defects”(2021YFC2701002)+1 种基金Nanjing Science and Technology Development Project(2019060007)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2023662).
文摘The second edition of the expert consensus on pediatric nutrition was formed based on a global update of pedia-tric nutrition guidelines or consensus worldwide,the management of congenital heart disease,and the results of multi-center clinical nutrition research for congenital heart disease following thefirst Chinese consensus edition of 2016.The consensus was also shaped by the results of three discussion sessions and two questionnaires con-ducted by the 13-member collaboration group.This process was informed by both clinical guidelines and expert consensus.The quality of literature,both in English and Chinese,and the level of recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluations(GRADE)system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81971870 and 82172173 (both to ML)。
文摘Human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs) promote recovery after ischemic stro ke;however,the therapeutic efficacy is limited by the poor survival of transplanted cells.For in vitro expe riments in the present study,we used oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation in hDPSCs to mimic cell damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion.We found that miRNA-34a-5p(miR-34a) was elevated under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation conditions in hDPSCs.Inhibition of miR-34a facilitated the prolife ration and antioxidant capacity and reduced the apoptosis of hDPSCs.Moreove r,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed WNT1and SIRT1 as the targets of miR-34a.In miR-34a knockdown cell lines,WNT1 suppression reduced cell prolife ration,and SIRT1 suppression decreased the antioxidant capacity.Togethe r,these results indicated that miR-34a regulates cell prolife ration and antioxidant stress via targeting WNT1 and SIRT1,respectively.For in vivo expe riments,we injected genetically modified hDPSCs(anti34a-hDPSCs) into the brains of mice.We found that anti34a-hDPSCs significantly inhibited apoptosis,reduced cerebral edema and cerebral infarct volume,and improved motor function in mice.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of the cell prolife ration and antioxidant capacity of hDPSCs,and suggests a potential gene that can be targeted to improve the survival rate and efficacy of transplanted hDPSCs in brain after ischemic stroke.
文摘Two new glycosides were isolated and characterized by spectral analysis from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia and the leaves of Cassia angustifolia. The structure was elucidated as 1-hydroxyl-2-acetyl-3,8-dimethoxynaphthalene-6-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl- （1→2）-β-D-glucopyranoside and 2-acetyl-3-methyl-8-methoxyl-1,4-naphthoquinone-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82260096)the Science and Technology Foundation of Basic Research Program of Guizhou Province([2023]General 371,[2020]1Y381)the Science and Technology Foundation of Health Commission of Guizhou Province(2022XMSB00037954).
文摘Gastrodia elata,a traditional Chinese medicine belonging to the Orchidaceae family,contains several major components such as gastrodin,polysaccharides of Gastrodia elata,and parishin.The pharmacological studies conducted on Gastrodia elata have revealed a variety of therapeutic properties,including antihypertensive,hypolipidemic,analgesic,and sedative-hypnotic properties.Thus,in this paper,we summarized the pharmacological effects of Gastrodia elata’s major components,namely gastrodin,polysaccharides of Gastrodia elata,parishin,and different types of Gastrodia elata extracts,on cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis,hypertension,hyperglycemia,myocardial ischemia,myocardial hypoxia,myocarditis,and heart failure.Additionally,we conclude the mechanisms through which these active ingredients exert their therapeutic effects,including antioxidants,anti-inflammatory,and nitric oxide regulation.We provide insights into the therapeutic potential of Gastrodia elata with a detailed review of its pharmacological effects and molecular targets in cardiovascular disease protection and therapy,and can better understand the effect of traditional medicines in cardiovascular disease.
基金Supported by the Applied Medical Research Project of Hefei Health and Family Planning Commission,No.Hwk2020yb0016.
文摘BACKGROUND Repeat cesarean deliverys involve a longer surgery and more severe visceral traction than primary cesarean deliverys.The dural puncture epidural(DPE)technique provides faster and more effective analgesia for labor,but there is no sufficient evidence to indicate whether it is suitable for parturients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.AIM To determine the efficacy and safety of the DPE anesthesia technique in patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.METHODS Patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery were randomly divided into the DPE and epidural anesthesia(EA)groups.A 25-G spinal needle was used for dural puncture via a 19-G epidural needle.The patients in the two groups were injected with 5 mL of 2%lidocaine followed by 15 mL of a mixture of 1%lidocaine+0.5%ropivacaine as the epidural dosage.The primary outcome was the onset time of sensory block to the T6 dermatome level and the sensory and motor block degree.RESULTS A total of 115 women were included(EA:57,DPE:58).The mean time to sensory block to the T6 Level was significantly shorter in the DPE group than in the EA group(14.7 min vs 16.6 min;95%confidence interval,13.9 to 15.4 vs 15.8 to 17.4;P=0.001).The cranial sensory block level was significantly higher at 5,10,and 15 min after the initial dose in the DPE group than in the EA group(P<0.05).The sacral sensory block level was significantly higher and the modified bromage score was significantly lower in the DPE group at each time point(P<0.05).Adverse effects and neonatal outcomes were comparable between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The DPE technique provided higher-quality anesthesia than the EA technique,with a rapid onset of surgical anesthesia,better cranial and sacral sensory block spread and a higher motor block degree,without increasing the incidence of maternal or fetal side effects in patients undergoing repeat cesarean delivery.
基金Supported by the“Zhujiang Talent Program”High Talent Project of Guangdong Province(No.2019QN01Y162)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515010072,No.2023A1515010167)。
文摘AIM:To report the clinical characteristics,treatment and outcomes of active syphilitic uveitis in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)positive patients and compare them with the previously published data.METHODS:Retrospective analysis of the case series from an infectious disease center in southern China was conducted.Comprehensive review of previously published cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases and the references listed in the identified articles.RESULTS:Twelve HIV positive patients with active syphilitic uveitis were collected.All were male,with age of 36.3y(range 27 to 53y).Five(41.7%)had a history of syphilis,and three of them had received anti-syphilis treatment.Ocular manifestations included corneal epithelial defect(13%),complicated cataract(17.4%),vitreous opacity(82.6%),optic disc edema(26.1%),macular edema(30.4%),neuro-retinitis(43.5%),and retinal hemorrhage(26.1%).After standardized syphilitic treatment,intraocular inflammation was reduced and vision improved in all cases.The literature review summarizes 105 previously reported cases of HIV positive syphilitic uveitis.High serum rapid plasma regain(RPR)titers may be associated with severe uveitis and poor vision.Treatment with penicillin,ceftriaxone sodium,or penicillin plus benzylpenicillin instead of using benzylpenicillin alone can significantly improve bestcorrected visual acuity(BCVA)in HIV positive ocular syphilis patients.CONCLUSION:For HIV positive syphilitic uveitis patients,prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment and follow-up are paramount.In our series,the clinical manifestations are diverse.Syphilis patients treated by penicillin G or long-acting penicillin before may still develop syphilitic uveitis.Patients who relapse after long-term penicillin treatment can still benefit from penicillin G.
基金Supported by Wuhan University of Science and Technology Startup Fund(Chu Tian Scholars Program),No.XZ2020024Open Laboratory Fund from Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration,No.2022kqhm005Hubei Provincial Health and Health Commission Research Project,No.WJ2023M121。
文摘Peripheral nerve injury(PNI)seriously affects people’s quality of life.Stem cell therapy is considered a promising new option for the clinical treatment of PNI.Dental stem cells,particularly dental pulp stem cells(DPSCs),are adult pluripotent stem cells derived from the neuroectoderm.DPSCs have significant potential in the field of neural tissue engineering due to their numerous advantages,such as easy isolation,multidifferentiation potential,low immunogenicity,and low transplant rejection rate.DPSCs are extensively used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,including for the treatment of sciatic nerve injury,facial nerve injury,spinal cord injury,and other neurodegenerative diseases.This article reviews research related to DPSCs and their advantages in treating PNI,aiming to summarize the therapeutic potential of DPSCs for PNI and the underlying mechanisms and providing valuable guidance and a foundation for future research.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11874271 and 11874272)。
文摘We theoretically study the band structure and optical conductivity of twisted bilayer graphene(TBG) near the magic angle considering the effects of lattice relaxation. We show that the optical conductivity spectrum is characterized by a series of peaks associated with the van Hove singularities in the band structure, and the peak energies evolve systematically with the twist angle. Lattice relaxation effects in TBG modify its band structure, especially the flat bands, which leads to significant shifts of the peaks in the optical conductivity. These results demonstrate that spectroscopic features in the optical conductivity can serve as fingerprints for exploring the band structure, band gap, and lattice relaxation in magic-angle TBG as well as identifying its rotation angle.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073046,51873036 and 51673039)the Chang Jiang Scholars Program(No.Q2019152)+4 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232019A3-01)the Shanghai Shuguang Program(No.19SG28)the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.19D3859)the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(No.20PJ1400600)the International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low-Dimension Materials(No.18520750400).
文摘Developing efficient,stable and sustainable photocatalysts for water splitting is one of the most significant methods for generating hydrogen.Conjugated microporous polymers,as a new type of organic semiconductor photocatalyst,have adjustable bandgaps and high specific surface areas,and can be synthesized using diverse methods.In this work,we report the design and synthesis of a series of pyridyl conjugated microporous polymers(PCMPs)utilizing polycondensation of aromatic aldehydes and aromatic ketones in the presence of ammonium acetate.PCMPs with different chemical structures were synthesized via adjusting monomers with different geometries and contents of nitrogen element,which could adjust the bandgap and photocatalytic performance.Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate(HER)up to 1198.9μmol·h^(-1)·g^(-1) was achieved on the optimized polymer with a specific surface area of 312 m^(2)·g^(-1) under UV-Vis light irradiation(A>320 nm).This metal-free synthetic method provides a new avenue to preparing an efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51305278)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20132102120006)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(Grant No.2014M551124)Specialized Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education,China(Grant No.L2013062)
文摘Tribochemcial polishing is one of the most efficient methods for polishing CVD （Chemical Vapor Deposition） diamond film due to the use of catalytic metal. However the difficulty to control the interface temperature during polishing process often results in low material removal because of the unstable contact process. So this research investigates the contact process in the tribo- chemical polishing of CVD diamond film and proposes a dynamic contact model for predicting the actual contact area, the actual contact pressure, and the interface tem- perature in the polishing process. This model has been verified by characterizing surface metrology of the CVD diamond with Talysurf CLI2000 3D Surface Topography and measuring the polishing temperature. The theoretical and experimental results shows that the height distribution of asperities on diamond film surface in the polishing process is well evaluated by combining the height distribution of original and polished asperities. The modeled surface asperity height distribution of diamond film agrees with the actual surface metrology in polishing process. The actual contact pressure is very large due to the small actual contact area. The predicted interface temperature can reach the catalytic reaction temperature between diamond and polishing plate when the lowest rotation speed and load are 10 000 r/min and 50 N, respectively, and diamond material is significantly removed. The model may provide effective process theory for tribochemcial polishing.
基金supported by the key R&D Program of Hubei Province of China(YFXM2022000264)key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology China(2022YFC2504200)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20314)Chutian Researcher Project(X22020024).
文摘Oxidative stress is increasingly recognized as a major contributor to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease(AD),particularly in the early stages of the disease.The multiplicity advantages of stem cell transplantation make it fascinating therapeutic strategy for many neurodegenerative diseases.We herein demonstrated that human dental pulp stem cells(hDPSCs)mediated oxidative stress improvement and neuroreparative effects in in vitro AD models,playing critical roles in regulating the polarization of hyperreactive microglia cells and the recovery of damaged neurons.Importantly,these therapeutic effects were reflected in 10-month-old 3xTgAD mice after a single transplantation of hDPSCs,with the treated mice showing significant improvement in cognitive function and neuropathological features.Mechanistically,antioxidant and neuroprotective effects,as well as cognitive enhancements elicited by h DPSCs,were at least partially mediated by Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and downstream antioxidant enzymes expression through the activation of the AKT-GSK3β-Nrf2 signaling pathway.In conclusion,our findings corroborated the neuroprotective capacity of h DPSCs to reshape the neuropathological microenvironment in both in vitro and in vivo AD models,which may be a tremendous potential therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
文摘We developed a nicking endonuclease dependent DNA amplification (NDA), using Nt.BstNBI to catalyze single-stranded nick on double-stranded DNA, and Bst DNA polymerase to make extension while sealing the nick and displacing the downstream strand. The displaced single-stranded DNA thereby serves as template for primers hybridization and extension, resulting in exponential synthesis of target DNA under isothermal condition. Over 105 folds target DNA amplification can be achieved in 30 minutes, generating DNA product suitable for both diagnosis and DNA cloning. This NDA strategy does not require thermal cycling or prerequisite nucleotides modification, making it suitable for application in the field and at the point-of-care.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51076070,51276091)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2012EEQ017)the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Scientists in Shandong province(BS2012CL014)
文摘The rubber composites with good thermal conductivity contribute to heat dissipation of tires. Graphite filled natural rubber composites were developed in this study to provide good thermal conductivity. Graphite was coated with polyacrylate polymerized by monomers including methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate and acrylic acid. The ratios between a filler and acrylate polymerization emulsion and those between monomers were varied. Eight types of surface modification formulas were experimentally investigated. Modification formula can affect coating results and composite properties greatly. The best coating type was achieved by a ratio of1:1 between methyl methacrylate and n-butyl acrylate. The coating of graphite was thermally stable in a running tire. Filled with modified graphite, the tire thermal conductivity reached up to 0.517–0.569 W·m-1·K-1. In addition, the mechanical performance was improved with increased crosslink density, extended scorch time and short vulcanization time.
