Multiple switchable physical channels within one material or device,encompassing optical,electrical,thermal,and mechanical pathways,can enable multifunctionality in mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic applications.Achi...Multiple switchable physical channels within one material or device,encompassing optical,electrical,thermal,and mechanical pathways,can enable multifunctionality in mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic applications.Achieving integrated encryption and enhanced performance in storage and sensing presents a formidable challenge in the synthesis and functionality of new materials.In an effort to overcome the complexities associated with these multiple physical functions,this study investigates the large-size crystal of DPACdCl_(4)(DPA=diisopropylammonium),revealing significant features in rare multi-channel switches.This compound demonstrates the ability to switch between"OFF/0"and"ON/1"states in the mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic channels.Consequently,DPACd Cl_(4)possesses four switchable physical channels,characterized by a higher phase transition temperature of 440.7 K and a competitive piezo-electric coefficient of 46 pC/N.Furthermore,solid-state NMR analysis indicates that thermally activated molecular vibrations significantly contribute to its multifunctional switching capabilities.展开更多
Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological me...Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.展开更多
基金financial supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303256)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ23B040004)Jinhua Industrial Major Project(No.2022-1-043)。
文摘Multiple switchable physical channels within one material or device,encompassing optical,electrical,thermal,and mechanical pathways,can enable multifunctionality in mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic applications.Achieving integrated encryption and enhanced performance in storage and sensing presents a formidable challenge in the synthesis and functionality of new materials.In an effort to overcome the complexities associated with these multiple physical functions,this study investigates the large-size crystal of DPACdCl_(4)(DPA=diisopropylammonium),revealing significant features in rare multi-channel switches.This compound demonstrates the ability to switch between"OFF/0"and"ON/1"states in the mechanical-thermal-opto-electronic channels.Consequently,DPACd Cl_(4)possesses four switchable physical channels,characterized by a higher phase transition temperature of 440.7 K and a competitive piezo-electric coefficient of 46 pC/N.Furthermore,solid-state NMR analysis indicates that thermally activated molecular vibrations significantly contribute to its multifunctional switching capabilities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82274304(to YH)the Major Clinical Study Projects of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center,No.SHDC2020CR2046B(to YH)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Talent Plan,No.2022LJ010(to YH).
文摘Cerebral small vessel disease encompasses a group of neurological disorders characterized by injury to small blood vessels,often leading to stroke and dementia.Due to its diverse etiologies and complex pathological mechanisms,preventing and treating cerebral small vessel vasculopathy is challenging.Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in interstitial solute clearance and the maintenance of brain homeostasis.Increasing evidence also suggests that dysfunction in glymphatic clearance is a key factor in the progression of cerebral small vessel disease.This review begins with a comprehensive introduction to the structure,function,and driving factors of the glymphatic system,highlighting its essential role in brain waste clearance.Afterwards,cerebral small vessel disease was reviewed from the perspective of the glymphatic system,after which the mechanisms underlying their correlation were summarized.Glymphatic dysfunction may lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste in the brain,thereby exacerbating the pathological processes associated with cerebral small vessel disease.The review also discussed the direct evidence of glymphatic dysfunction in patients and animal models exhibiting two subtypes of cerebral small vessel disease:arteriolosclerosis-related cerebral small vessel disease and amyloid-related cerebral small vessel disease.Diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space is an important non-invasive tool for assessing the clearance function of the glymphatic system.However,the effectiveness of its parameters needs to be enhanced.Among various nervous system diseases,including cerebral small vessel disease,glymphatic failure may be a common final pathway toward dementia.Overall,this review summarizes prevention and treatment strategies that target glymphatic drainage and will offer valuable insight for developing novel treatments for cerebral small vessel disease.
