Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under norm...Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under normal temperature and pressure environments are commonly employed;however,in certain configurations,such as at high-altitudes(HAs),the environment may involve low temperature and pressure conditions.The present study develops a theoretical prediction model for the TP path under reduced pressure and temperature conditions,utilizing the image bursts method,reflected polar analysis,and dimensional analysis.The model's accuracy is evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental data.Results indicate that the prediction model effectively evaluates the TP path under diminished temperature and pressure conditions,with most predictions falling within a±15%deviation.It was found that the TP height increases with altitude.As the altitude rises from 0 m to 10,000 m,the average TP height increases by 61.7%,87.9%,109.0%,and 134.3%for the scaled height of burst of 1.5 m,2.0 m,2.5 m,and 3.0 m,respectively.Moreover,the variation in TP height under HA environments closely mirrors that observed under corresponding reduced pressure conditions.In HA environments,only the effect of low-pressure conditions on the TP path needs to be considered,as the environmental lowtemperature has a minimal effect.展开更多
A statistical analysis was conducted on the feeding behavior of 106 York breeding pigs.Pearson correlation analysis,principal component correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression equation methods were appli...A statistical analysis was conducted on the feeding behavior of 106 York breeding pigs.Pearson correlation analysis,principal component correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression equation methods were applied to establish regression equations of the York breeding pigs total feed intake per time and average feed intake per time with corrected fat thickness,feed conversion rate,and corrected daily gain.The results showed that:①there were three peak feed intake periods for the pigs,and the correlation coefficient between the feed intake and the corrected fat thickness of the pigs in the 24 h period was positive or negative,that is,increasing the number of feeding times and the feed intake was not necessarily conducive to the fat thickness accumulation,but the breeding goal of fat thickness could be achieved by controlling the feeding times and feed intake;②the average feed intake of pigs in the 60-90 kg body weight stage was 30%-50%higher than that of the 30-60 kg body weight stage,but the number of feeding times decreased,the peak feeding time was more concentrated,and the feeding duration per time was 3.0 min longer,indicating that as the weight of pigs increased,the feed intake increased significantly;and③the stepwise regression equations and the principal component equations showed that the feeding behavior of York pigs in the 30-90 kg growth stage was not only affected by the feeding time within 24 h,but also by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.The feeding behavior of York pigs is a complex process of interaction between environmental factors and animal factors.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to compare and analyze the accuracy of computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA)and manual method for detecting the quality of fresh boar semen at room temperature.[Methods]Statistical m...[Objectives]This study was conducted to compare and analyze the accuracy of computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA)and manual method for detecting the quality of fresh boar semen at room temperature.[Methods]Statistical methods such as analysis of variance,ZB score and Z score were used to compare the accuracy of five different brands of CASA systems and manual method to detect the vitality and density of fresh boar semen at room temperature.[Results]After setting the parameters of five CASA systems the same as follows:VCL(curvilinear velocity),VSL(straight-line velocity)≥5μm/s,STR(straightness)=VSL(straight-line velocity)/VAP(average path velocity)≥25%,the sperm motility of six parts of boar semen was tested at normal temperature using different brands of special fixed-volume slides with a uniform chamber height[(20±2)μm].There were no significant differences in sperm vitality detected by the five CASA systems(P>0.05).The ZB scores of the vitality obtained by observers or instrument engineers who did not have a job certificate from the quality inspection department showed that the results of three observers or instrument engineers were unsatisfactory(∣ZB∣>3),but there were no significant differences in vitality between the CASA systems and the inspector with a job certificate(P>0.05).Regarding sperm density detection,when the sperm density was less than 280×106/ml,there were no significant differences between the results displayed by the instruments and the results of the manual hemocytometer counting(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The accuracy of the CASA systems set to uniform parameters was consistent with the accuracy of the visual vitality obtained by an inspector with a job certificate.When the semen was diluted with 3%NaCl solution to a sperm density<280×10^6/ml,the sperm density detected by the CASA systems was consistent in reliability with that obtained by the hemocytometer detection.The CASA systems are faster and more efficient and objective than manual detection,and have the advantages of strong operability and easy promotion.展开更多
The paternity index is one of the important parameters which paternity determination depends on.Inbreeding is an indispensable and effective means to improve herds and breeds and breed new strains and breeds.It can fi...The paternity index is one of the important parameters which paternity determination depends on.Inbreeding is an indispensable and effective means to improve herds and breeds and breed new strains and breeds.It can fix good traits and improve herd genetic uniformity.The INBREED module of SAS statistical analysis software can be used to calculate the inbreeding coefficients of the offspring and their parents in the pig herd pedigree.In this study,we used actual data as an example to compile and operate an SAS program for calculating the inbreeding coefficients of a pig herd.Compared with the dedicated software for calculating inbreeding coefficients developed in recent years,such as BASIC+database dBASE,Visual Basic+database SQ L Serve method,DFREMLI,MTDF EMLI,VCE,ASREML,DMU,GBS and Herdsman,calculating inbreeding coefficients with SAS programs has the advantages of low cost,simple programming language,and easy operation.For livestock breeders who are not provided with special computing software,the use of SAS to calculate the inbreeding coefficients of pigs is of great significance to planned breed selection and assortative mating.展开更多
The heart,an organ with a continuously high demand for energy,inherently lacks substantial reserves.The precise mechanisms that prioritize energy allocation to cardiac mitochondria,ensuring steady-state ATP production...The heart,an organ with a continuously high demand for energy,inherently lacks substantial reserves.The precise mechanisms that prioritize energy allocation to cardiac mitochondria,ensuring steady-state ATP production amidst high-energy organs,remain poorly understood.Our study sheds light on this process by identifying a two-strata flux system driven by the starvation hormone FGF21.We demonstrate that systemic disruptions in interorgan metabolite mobilization and transcardiac flux,arising from either adipose lipolysis or hepatic ketogenesis due to FGF21 deficiency,directly impair cardiac energetic performance.Locally,this impairment is linked to compromised intracardiac utilization of various metabolites via ketolysis and oxidation pathways,along with hindered mitochondrial biogenesis,TCA cycle,ETC flow,and OXPHOS.Consequently,the heart shifts to a hypometabolic,glycolytic,and hypoenergy state,with a reduced capacity to cope with physiological stressors such as fasting,starvation,strenuous exercise,endurance training,and cold exposure,leading to a diminished heart rate,contractility,and hemodynamic stability.Pharmacological or genetic restoration of FGF21 ameliorates these defects,reenergizing stress-exhausted hearts.This hierarchical energy-prioritizing mechanism is orchestrated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR energy stress response pathways.Disrupting cardiac LKB1 or mTOR pathways,akin to stalling mitochondrial energy conduits,obstructs the FGF21-governed cardiac energetic potential.Our findings reveal an essential two-strata energy flux system critical for cardiac energetic efficiency regulated by FGF21,which spatiotemporally optimizes interorgan and transcardiac metabolite flux and intracardiac mitochondrial energy sufficiency.This discovery informs the design of strategies for treating cardiac diseases linked to mitochondrial or energy deficiencies.展开更多
Hydrogen,recognized as a critical energy source,requires green production methods,such as proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)powered by renewable energy.This is a key step toward sustainable development...Hydrogen,recognized as a critical energy source,requires green production methods,such as proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)powered by renewable energy.This is a key step toward sustainable development,with economic analysis playing an essential role.Life cycle costing(LCC)is commonly used to evaluate economic feasibility,but traditional LCC analyses often provide a single cost outcome,which limits their applicability across diverse regional contexts.To address these challenges,a Python-based tool is developed in this paper,integrating a bottom-up approach with net present value(NPV)calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.The tool allows users to manage uncertainty by intervening in the input data,producing a range of outcomes rather than a single deterministic result,thus offering greater flexibility in decision-making.Applying the tool to a 5 MW PEMWE plant in Germany,the total cost of ownership(TCO)is estimated to range between€52 million and€82.5 million,with hydrogen production costs between 5.5 and 11.4€/kg H2.There is a 95%probability that actual costs fall within this range.Sensitivity analysis reveals that energy prices are the key contributors to LCC,accounting for 95%of the variance in LCC,while iridium,membrane materials,and power electronics contribute to 75%of the variation in construction-phase costs.These findings underscore the importance of renewable energy integration and circular economy strategies in reducing LCC.展开更多
Multilayer graphene films demonstrate superior electrical and thermal conductivity,mechanical properties,and barrier performance compared to monolayer,thereby exhibiting greater potential for industrial applications.H...Multilayer graphene films demonstrate superior electrical and thermal conductivity,mechanical properties,and barrier performance compared to monolayer,thereby exhibiting greater potential for industrial applications.However,the synthesis of multilayer graphene films continues to face critical challenges,primarily including uncontrollable layer numbers,incomplete understanding of growth mechanisms,and poor reproducibility and scalability in mass production.This study introduces the“fractional layer”concept and corresponding mathematical model to precisely quantify graphene layers for the first time.Using this metric,we systematically established growth principles and process windows for layer-controlled graphene synthesis on copper substrates and elucidated the multilayer growth mechanism governed by modulating the lateral growth and vertical growth kinetics.Based on this theoretical framework,the continuous preparation of 2.3-layer graphene films was achieved via industrial scale roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition equipment,exhibiting exceptional macroscopic uniformity and demonstrating significant potential for applications in transparent,flexible electrothermal heaters.Our work will establish a solid material foundation for the industrial application of multilayer graphene films and offer novel insights into the layer-controlled synthesis of other two-dimensional materials.展开更多
Following injury,tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process,resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms.Both the repair and regeneration proce...Following injury,tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process,resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms.Both the repair and regeneration processes are highly coordinated by a hierarchy of interplay among signal transduction pathways initiated by different growth factors,cytokines and other signaling molecules under normal conditions.However,under chronic traumatic or pathological conditions,the reparative or regenerative process of most tissues in different organs can lose control to different extents,leading to random,incomplete or even flawed cell and tissue reconstitution and thus often partial restoration of the original structure and function,accompanied by the development of fibrosis,scarring or even pathogenesis that could cause organ failure and death of the organism.Ample evidence suggests that the various combinatorial fibroblast growth factor(FGF)and receptor signal transduction systems play prominent roles in injury repair and the remodeling of adult tissues in addition to embryonic development and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.In this review,we attempt to provide a brief update on our current understanding of the roles,the underlying mechanisms and clinical application of FGFs in tissue injury repair.展开更多
Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.Early intervention is of great importance in reducing disease burden.Since the conventional risk factors cannot fully account for the pathogenesi...Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.Early intervention is of great importance in reducing disease burden.Since the conventional risk factors cannot fully account for the pathogenesis of stroke,it is extremely important to detect useful biomarkers of the vascular disorder for appropriate intervention.Arterial stiffness,a newly recognised reliable feature of arterial structure and function,is demonstrated to be associated with stroke onset and serve as an independent predictor of stroke incidence and poststroke functional outcomes.In this review article,different measurements of arterial stiffness,especially pressure wave velocity,were discussed.We explained the association between arterial stiffness and stroke occurrence by discussing the secondary haemodynamic changes.We reviewed clinical data that support the prediction role of arterial stiffness on stroke.Despite the lack of long-term randomised double-blind controlled therapeutic trials,it is high potential to reduce stroke prevalence through a significant reduction of arterial stiffness(which is called de-stiffening therapy).Pharmacological interventions or lifestyle modification that can influence blood pressure,arterial function or structure in either the short or long term are promising de-stiffening therapies.Here,we summarised different de-stiffening strategies including antihypertension drugs,antihyperlipidaemic agents,chemicals that target arterial remodelling and exercise training.Large and well-designed clinical trials on de-stiffening strategy are needed to testify the prevention effect for stroke.Novel techniques such as modern microscopic imaging and reliable animal models would facilitate the mechanistic analyses in pathophysiology,pharmacology and therapeutics.展开更多
基金funding from Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Explosive Materials and Technology Foundation(No.AHBP2022B-04)Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee(No.2023AH051221)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2208085QA26)Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology for the project related to this work.
文摘Accurately forecasting the triple point(TP)path is essential for analyzing blast loads and assessing the destructive effectiveness of the height of burst explosion.Empirical models that describe the TP path under normal temperature and pressure environments are commonly employed;however,in certain configurations,such as at high-altitudes(HAs),the environment may involve low temperature and pressure conditions.The present study develops a theoretical prediction model for the TP path under reduced pressure and temperature conditions,utilizing the image bursts method,reflected polar analysis,and dimensional analysis.The model's accuracy is evaluated through numerical simulations and experimental data.Results indicate that the prediction model effectively evaluates the TP path under diminished temperature and pressure conditions,with most predictions falling within a±15%deviation.It was found that the TP height increases with altitude.As the altitude rises from 0 m to 10,000 m,the average TP height increases by 61.7%,87.9%,109.0%,and 134.3%for the scaled height of burst of 1.5 m,2.0 m,2.5 m,and 3.0 m,respectively.Moreover,the variation in TP height under HA environments closely mirrors that observed under corresponding reduced pressure conditions.In HA environments,only the effect of low-pressure conditions on the TP path needs to be considered,as the environmental lowtemperature has a minimal effect.
文摘A statistical analysis was conducted on the feeding behavior of 106 York breeding pigs.Pearson correlation analysis,principal component correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression equation methods were applied to establish regression equations of the York breeding pigs total feed intake per time and average feed intake per time with corrected fat thickness,feed conversion rate,and corrected daily gain.The results showed that:①there were three peak feed intake periods for the pigs,and the correlation coefficient between the feed intake and the corrected fat thickness of the pigs in the 24 h period was positive or negative,that is,increasing the number of feeding times and the feed intake was not necessarily conducive to the fat thickness accumulation,but the breeding goal of fat thickness could be achieved by controlling the feeding times and feed intake;②the average feed intake of pigs in the 60-90 kg body weight stage was 30%-50%higher than that of the 30-60 kg body weight stage,but the number of feeding times decreased,the peak feeding time was more concentrated,and the feeding duration per time was 3.0 min longer,indicating that as the weight of pigs increased,the feed intake increased significantly;and③the stepwise regression equations and the principal component equations showed that the feeding behavior of York pigs in the 30-90 kg growth stage was not only affected by the feeding time within 24 h,but also by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.The feeding behavior of York pigs is a complex process of interaction between environmental factors and animal factors.
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to compare and analyze the accuracy of computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA)and manual method for detecting the quality of fresh boar semen at room temperature.[Methods]Statistical methods such as analysis of variance,ZB score and Z score were used to compare the accuracy of five different brands of CASA systems and manual method to detect the vitality and density of fresh boar semen at room temperature.[Results]After setting the parameters of five CASA systems the same as follows:VCL(curvilinear velocity),VSL(straight-line velocity)≥5μm/s,STR(straightness)=VSL(straight-line velocity)/VAP(average path velocity)≥25%,the sperm motility of six parts of boar semen was tested at normal temperature using different brands of special fixed-volume slides with a uniform chamber height[(20±2)μm].There were no significant differences in sperm vitality detected by the five CASA systems(P>0.05).The ZB scores of the vitality obtained by observers or instrument engineers who did not have a job certificate from the quality inspection department showed that the results of three observers or instrument engineers were unsatisfactory(∣ZB∣>3),but there were no significant differences in vitality between the CASA systems and the inspector with a job certificate(P>0.05).Regarding sperm density detection,when the sperm density was less than 280×106/ml,there were no significant differences between the results displayed by the instruments and the results of the manual hemocytometer counting(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The accuracy of the CASA systems set to uniform parameters was consistent with the accuracy of the visual vitality obtained by an inspector with a job certificate.When the semen was diluted with 3%NaCl solution to a sperm density<280×10^6/ml,the sperm density detected by the CASA systems was consistent in reliability with that obtained by the hemocytometer detection.The CASA systems are faster and more efficient and objective than manual detection,and have the advantages of strong operability and easy promotion.
文摘The paternity index is one of the important parameters which paternity determination depends on.Inbreeding is an indispensable and effective means to improve herds and breeds and breed new strains and breeds.It can fix good traits and improve herd genetic uniformity.The INBREED module of SAS statistical analysis software can be used to calculate the inbreeding coefficients of the offspring and their parents in the pig herd pedigree.In this study,we used actual data as an example to compile and operate an SAS program for calculating the inbreeding coefficients of a pig herd.Compared with the dedicated software for calculating inbreeding coefficients developed in recent years,such as BASIC+database dBASE,Visual Basic+database SQ L Serve method,DFREMLI,MTDF EMLI,VCE,ASREML,DMU,GBS and Herdsman,calculating inbreeding coefficients with SAS programs has the advantages of low cost,simple programming language,and easy operation.For livestock breeders who are not provided with special computing software,the use of SAS to calculate the inbreeding coefficients of pigs is of great significance to planned breed selection and assortative mating.
基金funded by Startup Funds from Wenzhou Medical University and The First Affiliated Hospital(to Y.L.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20385 to X.L.,92357304 to Z.H.)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LDQ24H310001 to Z.H.).
文摘The heart,an organ with a continuously high demand for energy,inherently lacks substantial reserves.The precise mechanisms that prioritize energy allocation to cardiac mitochondria,ensuring steady-state ATP production amidst high-energy organs,remain poorly understood.Our study sheds light on this process by identifying a two-strata flux system driven by the starvation hormone FGF21.We demonstrate that systemic disruptions in interorgan metabolite mobilization and transcardiac flux,arising from either adipose lipolysis or hepatic ketogenesis due to FGF21 deficiency,directly impair cardiac energetic performance.Locally,this impairment is linked to compromised intracardiac utilization of various metabolites via ketolysis and oxidation pathways,along with hindered mitochondrial biogenesis,TCA cycle,ETC flow,and OXPHOS.Consequently,the heart shifts to a hypometabolic,glycolytic,and hypoenergy state,with a reduced capacity to cope with physiological stressors such as fasting,starvation,strenuous exercise,endurance training,and cold exposure,leading to a diminished heart rate,contractility,and hemodynamic stability.Pharmacological or genetic restoration of FGF21 ameliorates these defects,reenergizing stress-exhausted hearts.This hierarchical energy-prioritizing mechanism is orchestrated by the LKB1-AMPK-mTOR energy stress response pathways.Disrupting cardiac LKB1 or mTOR pathways,akin to stalling mitochondrial energy conduits,obstructs the FGF21-governed cardiac energetic potential.Our findings reveal an essential two-strata energy flux system critical for cardiac energetic efficiency regulated by FGF21,which spatiotemporally optimizes interorgan and transcardiac metabolite flux and intracardiac mitochondrial energy sufficiency.This discovery informs the design of strategies for treating cardiac diseases linked to mitochondrial or energy deficiencies.
基金funded by the Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen(efzn)in Germany,the SeLeKT-H2 project,and the Open Access Publishing Fund of Clausthal University of Technology.
文摘Hydrogen,recognized as a critical energy source,requires green production methods,such as proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)powered by renewable energy.This is a key step toward sustainable development,with economic analysis playing an essential role.Life cycle costing(LCC)is commonly used to evaluate economic feasibility,but traditional LCC analyses often provide a single cost outcome,which limits their applicability across diverse regional contexts.To address these challenges,a Python-based tool is developed in this paper,integrating a bottom-up approach with net present value(NPV)calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.The tool allows users to manage uncertainty by intervening in the input data,producing a range of outcomes rather than a single deterministic result,thus offering greater flexibility in decision-making.Applying the tool to a 5 MW PEMWE plant in Germany,the total cost of ownership(TCO)is estimated to range between€52 million and€82.5 million,with hydrogen production costs between 5.5 and 11.4€/kg H2.There is a 95%probability that actual costs fall within this range.Sensitivity analysis reveals that energy prices are the key contributors to LCC,accounting for 95%of the variance in LCC,while iridium,membrane materials,and power electronics contribute to 75%of the variation in construction-phase costs.These findings underscore the importance of renewable energy integration and circular economy strategies in reducing LCC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.T2188101,52130501,and 62374152).
文摘Multilayer graphene films demonstrate superior electrical and thermal conductivity,mechanical properties,and barrier performance compared to monolayer,thereby exhibiting greater potential for industrial applications.However,the synthesis of multilayer graphene films continues to face critical challenges,primarily including uncontrollable layer numbers,incomplete understanding of growth mechanisms,and poor reproducibility and scalability in mass production.This study introduces the“fractional layer”concept and corresponding mathematical model to precisely quantify graphene layers for the first time.Using this metric,we systematically established growth principles and process windows for layer-controlled graphene synthesis on copper substrates and elucidated the multilayer growth mechanism governed by modulating the lateral growth and vertical growth kinetics.Based on this theoretical framework,the continuous preparation of 2.3-layer graphene films was achieved via industrial scale roll-to-roll chemical vapor deposition equipment,exhibiting exceptional macroscopic uniformity and demonstrating significant potential for applications in transparent,flexible electrothermal heaters.Our work will establish a solid material foundation for the industrial application of multilayer graphene films and offer novel insights into the layer-controlled synthesis of other two-dimensional materials.
基金supported by start-up funds from Wenzhou Medical University and The First Affiliated Hospital to YL,and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-028)to XL.
文摘Following injury,tissue autonomously initiates a complex repair process,resulting in either partial recovery or regeneration of tissue architecture and function in most organisms.Both the repair and regeneration processes are highly coordinated by a hierarchy of interplay among signal transduction pathways initiated by different growth factors,cytokines and other signaling molecules under normal conditions.However,under chronic traumatic or pathological conditions,the reparative or regenerative process of most tissues in different organs can lose control to different extents,leading to random,incomplete or even flawed cell and tissue reconstitution and thus often partial restoration of the original structure and function,accompanied by the development of fibrosis,scarring or even pathogenesis that could cause organ failure and death of the organism.Ample evidence suggests that the various combinatorial fibroblast growth factor(FGF)and receptor signal transduction systems play prominent roles in injury repair and the remodeling of adult tissues in addition to embryonic development and regulation of metabolic homeostasis.In this review,we attempt to provide a brief update on our current understanding of the roles,the underlying mechanisms and clinical application of FGFs in tissue injury repair.
基金This work was supported by NSFC project 81070939(G-YY)and U1232205(G-YY).
文摘Stroke is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.Early intervention is of great importance in reducing disease burden.Since the conventional risk factors cannot fully account for the pathogenesis of stroke,it is extremely important to detect useful biomarkers of the vascular disorder for appropriate intervention.Arterial stiffness,a newly recognised reliable feature of arterial structure and function,is demonstrated to be associated with stroke onset and serve as an independent predictor of stroke incidence and poststroke functional outcomes.In this review article,different measurements of arterial stiffness,especially pressure wave velocity,were discussed.We explained the association between arterial stiffness and stroke occurrence by discussing the secondary haemodynamic changes.We reviewed clinical data that support the prediction role of arterial stiffness on stroke.Despite the lack of long-term randomised double-blind controlled therapeutic trials,it is high potential to reduce stroke prevalence through a significant reduction of arterial stiffness(which is called de-stiffening therapy).Pharmacological interventions or lifestyle modification that can influence blood pressure,arterial function or structure in either the short or long term are promising de-stiffening therapies.Here,we summarised different de-stiffening strategies including antihypertension drugs,antihyperlipidaemic agents,chemicals that target arterial remodelling and exercise training.Large and well-designed clinical trials on de-stiffening strategy are needed to testify the prevention effect for stroke.Novel techniques such as modern microscopic imaging and reliable animal models would facilitate the mechanistic analyses in pathophysiology,pharmacology and therapeutics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31202117 and 51972185)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020ZD38)。
