A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion du...A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion due to metallurgical bonding,consisting of outermost Cr layer and CoNiCrAlTaY transition layer.The typical power-law relationship between mass gain and time was obtained for the coated specimens with a rate exponent of 3.18 following oxidation at 1173 K.The top Cr_(2)O_(3)film and spinel oxides(i.e.,NiCr_(2)O_(4)and CoCr_(2)O_(4))exhibited a protective effect with a low oxidation reaction rate.Interfacial analysis identified Ta precipitates(Cr_(2)Ta and TaAl_(3))and Ta oxides(Ta_(2)O_(5)and Ta_(2)O_(3)),which played an essential role in retarding rapid diffusion and enhancing adhesion and oxidation resistance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4(APOE4)is recognized as a genetic risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and Alzheimer’s disease,while glycated hemoglobin(H...BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4(APOE4)is recognized as a genetic risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and Alzheimer’s disease,while glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)reflects persistent hyperglycemia and serves as a key indicator of long-term glycemic control in T2DM.Although both factors have been individually linked to neurobehavioral deficits,it remains uncertain whether HbA1c contributes to APOE4-related cognitive and olfactory impairment in individuals with T2DM.AIM To investigate the role of HbA1c in APOE4-associated cognitive and olfactory dysfunction in patients with T2DM.METHODS Of 636 T2DM patients were recruited from five medical centers in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.APOE genotyping was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using Gerard’s method.Cognitive and olfactory functions were assessed by mini-mental state examination and Connecticut chemosensory clinical research center test,respectively.Regression analysis was employed to assess the independent and interactive effects of HbA1c on APOE4-associated cognitive and olfactory function.RESULTS APOE4 was associated with increased risks of cognitive impairment[odds ratios(OR)=1.815,P=0.021]and olfactory dysfunction(OR=2.588,P<0.001).Higher HbA1c levels were also related to worse cognitive(OR=1.189,P<0.001)and olfactory performance(OR=1.149,P=0.011).HbA1c exerted a moderating effect,yet not a mediating effect,between APOE4 and its impacts on cognition and olfaction.Specifically,a higher level of HbA1c exacerbated the damaging effect of APOE4,as shown by significant interaction effects on both cognitive impairment(OR=2.687,P<0.001)and olfactory dysfunction(OR=1.440,P=0.027).CONCLUSION Elevated HbA1c levels are associated with increased risks of cognitive and olfactory impairments in patients with T2DM and may exacerbate the detrimental effects of APOE4.These findings underscore the need for early preventive strategies targeting individuals with both poor glycemic control and APOE4 carriage to mitigate neurodegenerative risk.展开更多
The antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of fermented Salvia miltiorrhiza with fungus Geomyces luteus were investigated. The results revealed that G. luteus fermentation could significantly improve the an...The antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of fermented Salvia miltiorrhiza with fungus Geomyces luteus were investigated. The results revealed that G. luteus fermentation could significantly improve the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of S. miltiorrhiza. The main antioxidant constituents were characterized by spec- troscopic analysis as salvianolic acids. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） quantification also showed the enhanced content of salvianolic acid B after fermentation. The present study suggests that G. luteus fermentations are effective in the S. miltiorrhiza salvianolic acids＇ enrichment process.展开更多
TiAl-based alloys have received extensive attention recently due to their excellent properties. However, the weak oxidation resistance at temperatures higher than 800℃ can limit their further high-temperature structu...TiAl-based alloys have received extensive attention recently due to their excellent properties. However, the weak oxidation resistance at temperatures higher than 800℃ can limit their further high-temperature structural applications.To improve the oxidation resistance of a high-Nb-content γ-TiAl alloy(Ti-45 Al-8.5 Nb, in units of at.%), a chromium(Cr)coating is prepared by using the plasma surface alloying technique, separately, at 800℃ and 1000℃. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns reveal that an oxide surface layer consisting of Cr2O3, Al2O3, and TiO2 is produced on the Cr-coated Nb containing γ-TiAl substrates during the initial oxidation. However, the Cr2O3 is dominated in the oxide surface layer after being isothermally oxidized for 300 h. The oxidation kinetic curves are composed of a parabolic law stage(≤ 90 h) and a biquadratic law stage(≥ 90 h), fit by weight–gain curves. Due to diffusion in the fabrication process and oxidation process,the Cr-coated specimens have an adhesion force after being isothermally oxidized, specifically 69 N for a specimen after oxidation for 300 h. These results demonstrate that the Cr coating enhances the oxidation resistance and adhesion of a Ti-45 Al-8.5 Nb alloy, which may provide a new feasible scheme for designing oxidation protection layers.展开更多
Background： Accurately, characterizing plaques is critical for selecting the optimal intervention strategy for the left main coronary artery （LMCA） bifurcation. Coronary angiography cannot precisely assess the loca...Background： Accurately, characterizing plaques is critical for selecting the optimal intervention strategy for the left main coronary artery （LMCA） bifurcation. Coronary angiography cannot precisely assess the location or nature of plaques in bifurcation lesions. Few intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） classification scheme has been reported for angiographic imaging of true bifurcation lesions of the unprotected LMCA thus far. In addition, the plaque composition at the bifurcation has not been elucidated. This study aimed to detect plaque composition at LMCA bifurcation lesions by IVUS. Methods： Fifty-eight patients were recruited. The location, concentricity or eccentricity, site of maximum thickness, and composition of plaques of the distal LMCA, ostial left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery and, left circumflex （LCX） coronary artery were assessed using IVUS and described using illustrative diagrams. Results： True bifurcation lesions of the unprotected LMCA were classified into four types： Type A, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LAD and the ostial LCX with eccentric plaques; Type B, with concentric plaques at the distal LMCA, eccentric plaques at the ostial LAD, and no plaques at the LCX; Type C, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LCX, with eccentric plaques, and to the ostial LAD, with eccentric plaques; and Type D, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LAD, with eccentric plaques, and to the ostial LCX, with concentric plaques. The carina was involved in only 3.5% of the plaques. A total of 51.7% of the plaques at the ostium of the LAD were soft, while 44.8% and 44.6% were fibrous in the distal LMCA and in the ostial LCX, respectively. Conclusions： We classified LMCA true bifurcation lesions into four types. The carina was always free from disease. Plaques at the ostial LAD tended to be soft, whereas those at the ostial LCX and the distal LMCA tended to be fibrous.展开更多
基金financial supports from Shanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.20210302123162)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2024-057)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metal Materials,China(No.2019-ZD02)Science and Technology Achievement Transformation and Cultivation Project of Shanxi,China(No.2020CG011)Shanxi“1331 Project”Quality Improvement and Efficiency Project,China。
文摘A Cr/CoNiCrAlTaY bilayer coating was prepared on the Ti-45Al-8.5Nb alloy by plasma surface metallurgy technique.The as-prepared coating with a grain size of~2μm exhibited a dense microstructure and strong adhesion due to metallurgical bonding,consisting of outermost Cr layer and CoNiCrAlTaY transition layer.The typical power-law relationship between mass gain and time was obtained for the coated specimens with a rate exponent of 3.18 following oxidation at 1173 K.The top Cr_(2)O_(3)film and spinel oxides(i.e.,NiCr_(2)O_(4)and CoCr_(2)O_(4))exhibited a protective effect with a low oxidation reaction rate.Interfacial analysis identified Ta precipitates(Cr_(2)Ta and TaAl_(3))and Ta oxides(Ta_(2)O_(5)and Ta_(2)O_(3)),which played an essential role in retarding rapid diffusion and enhancing adhesion and oxidation resistance.
基金Supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation General Program,No.2024M762504the Intramural Research Program of Liyuan Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,No.2023 LYYYGZRP0004.
文摘BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4(APOE4)is recognized as a genetic risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in both type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and Alzheimer’s disease,while glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)reflects persistent hyperglycemia and serves as a key indicator of long-term glycemic control in T2DM.Although both factors have been individually linked to neurobehavioral deficits,it remains uncertain whether HbA1c contributes to APOE4-related cognitive and olfactory impairment in individuals with T2DM.AIM To investigate the role of HbA1c in APOE4-associated cognitive and olfactory dysfunction in patients with T2DM.METHODS Of 636 T2DM patients were recruited from five medical centers in Wuhan,Hubei Province,China.APOE genotyping was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction using Gerard’s method.Cognitive and olfactory functions were assessed by mini-mental state examination and Connecticut chemosensory clinical research center test,respectively.Regression analysis was employed to assess the independent and interactive effects of HbA1c on APOE4-associated cognitive and olfactory function.RESULTS APOE4 was associated with increased risks of cognitive impairment[odds ratios(OR)=1.815,P=0.021]and olfactory dysfunction(OR=2.588,P<0.001).Higher HbA1c levels were also related to worse cognitive(OR=1.189,P<0.001)and olfactory performance(OR=1.149,P=0.011).HbA1c exerted a moderating effect,yet not a mediating effect,between APOE4 and its impacts on cognition and olfaction.Specifically,a higher level of HbA1c exacerbated the damaging effect of APOE4,as shown by significant interaction effects on both cognitive impairment(OR=2.687,P<0.001)and olfactory dysfunction(OR=1.440,P=0.027).CONCLUSION Elevated HbA1c levels are associated with increased risks of cognitive and olfactory impairments in patients with T2DM and may exacerbate the detrimental effects of APOE4.These findings underscore the need for early preventive strategies targeting individuals with both poor glycemic control and APOE4 carriage to mitigate neurodegenerative risk.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81460648)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT13095),China
文摘The antioxidant activities and total phenolic content of fermented Salvia miltiorrhiza with fungus Geomyces luteus were investigated. The results revealed that G. luteus fermentation could significantly improve the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of S. miltiorrhiza. The main antioxidant constituents were characterized by spec- troscopic analysis as salvianolic acids. High-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） quantification also showed the enhanced content of salvianolic acid B after fermentation. The present study suggests that G. luteus fermentations are effective in the S. miltiorrhiza salvianolic acids＇ enrichment process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51601122)the 2019–2020 Intergovernmental Cooperation Projects in Science and Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.CB02-03)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.20181102013)the“331 Project”Engineering Research Center of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.PT201801)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M620574)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metal Materials,China(Grant No.2019-ZD02).
文摘TiAl-based alloys have received extensive attention recently due to their excellent properties. However, the weak oxidation resistance at temperatures higher than 800℃ can limit their further high-temperature structural applications.To improve the oxidation resistance of a high-Nb-content γ-TiAl alloy(Ti-45 Al-8.5 Nb, in units of at.%), a chromium(Cr)coating is prepared by using the plasma surface alloying technique, separately, at 800℃ and 1000℃. The x-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns reveal that an oxide surface layer consisting of Cr2O3, Al2O3, and TiO2 is produced on the Cr-coated Nb containing γ-TiAl substrates during the initial oxidation. However, the Cr2O3 is dominated in the oxide surface layer after being isothermally oxidized for 300 h. The oxidation kinetic curves are composed of a parabolic law stage(≤ 90 h) and a biquadratic law stage(≥ 90 h), fit by weight–gain curves. Due to diffusion in the fabrication process and oxidation process,the Cr-coated specimens have an adhesion force after being isothermally oxidized, specifically 69 N for a specimen after oxidation for 300 h. These results demonstrate that the Cr coating enhances the oxidation resistance and adhesion of a Ti-45 Al-8.5 Nb alloy, which may provide a new feasible scheme for designing oxidation protection layers.
文摘Background： Accurately, characterizing plaques is critical for selecting the optimal intervention strategy for the left main coronary artery （LMCA） bifurcation. Coronary angiography cannot precisely assess the location or nature of plaques in bifurcation lesions. Few intravascular ultrasound （IVUS） classification scheme has been reported for angiographic imaging of true bifurcation lesions of the unprotected LMCA thus far. In addition, the plaque composition at the bifurcation has not been elucidated. This study aimed to detect plaque composition at LMCA bifurcation lesions by IVUS. Methods： Fifty-eight patients were recruited. The location, concentricity or eccentricity, site of maximum thickness, and composition of plaques of the distal LMCA, ostial left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery and, left circumflex （LCX） coronary artery were assessed using IVUS and described using illustrative diagrams. Results： True bifurcation lesions of the unprotected LMCA were classified into four types： Type A, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LAD and the ostial LCX with eccentric plaques; Type B, with concentric plaques at the distal LMCA, eccentric plaques at the ostial LAD, and no plaques at the LCX; Type C, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LCX, with eccentric plaques, and to the ostial LAD, with eccentric plaques; and Type D, with continuous involvement from the distal LMCA to the ostial LAD, with eccentric plaques, and to the ostial LCX, with concentric plaques. The carina was involved in only 3.5% of the plaques. A total of 51.7% of the plaques at the ostium of the LAD were soft, while 44.8% and 44.6% were fibrous in the distal LMCA and in the ostial LCX, respectively. Conclusions： We classified LMCA true bifurcation lesions into four types. The carina was always free from disease. Plaques at the ostial LAD tended to be soft, whereas those at the ostial LCX and the distal LMCA tended to be fibrous.
