Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accele...Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accelerated if prediction accuracy were sufficiently high with a training population of practical size.Large-scale resequencing projects in rice have generated high quality genome-wide variation information for many diverse accessions,making it possible to investigate the potential of genomic prediction in rice germplasm management and exploitation.We phenotyped six traits in nearly 2000 indica(XI)and japonica(GJ)accessions from the Rice 3K project and investigated different scenarios for forming training populations.A composite core training set was considered in two levels which targets used for prediction of subpopulations within subspecies or prediction across subspecies.Composite training sets incorporating 400 or 200 accessions from either subpopulation of XI or GJ showed satisfactory prediction accuracy.A composite training set of 600 XI and GJ accessions showed sufficiently high prediction accuracy for both XI and GJ subspecies.Comparable or even higher prediction accuracy was observed for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets comprising accessions only of specific subpopulations of XI or GJ(within-subspecies level)or pure XI or GJ accessions(across-subspecies level)that were included in the composite training set.Validation using an independent population of 281 rice cultivars supported the predictive ability of the composite training set.Reliability,which reflects the robustness of a training set,was markedly higher for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets.A core training set formed from diverse accessions could accurately predict the genetic merit of rice germplasm.展开更多
Electron transport layers(ETLs)are crucial for achieving efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Reports on versatile inorganic ETLs using a simple film fabrication method and applicability for both l...Electron transport layers(ETLs)are crucial for achieving efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Reports on versatile inorganic ETLs using a simple film fabrication method and applicability for both low-cost planar regular and inverted PSCs with excellent efficiencies(>22%)and high stability are very limited.Herein,we employ a novel inorganic ZnSe as ETL for both regular and inverted PSCs to improve the efficiency and stability using a simple thermal evaporation method.The TiO_(2)-ZnSe-FAPbl_(3)heterojunction could be formed,resulting in an improved charge collection and a decreased carrier recombination further proved through theoretical calculations.The optimized regular PSCs based on TiO_(2)/ZnSe have achieved 23.25%efficiency with negligible hysteresis.In addition,the ZnSe ETL can also effectively replace the unstable bathocuproine(BCP)in inverted PSCs.Consequently,the ZnSe-based inverted device realizes a champion efficiency of 22.54%.Moreover,the regular device comprising the TiO_(2)/ZnSe layers retains 92%of its initial PCE after 10:00 h under 1 Sun continuous illumination and the inverted device comprising the C_(60)/ZnSe layers maintains over 85%of its initial PCE at 85℃for 10:00 h.This highlights one of the best results among universal ETLs in both regular and inverted perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
Because of the increasing demand for electrical energy,vibration energy harvesters(VEHs)that convert vibratory energy into electrical energy are a promising technology.In order to improve the efficiency of harvesting ...Because of the increasing demand for electrical energy,vibration energy harvesters(VEHs)that convert vibratory energy into electrical energy are a promising technology.In order to improve the efficiency of harvesting energy from environmental vibration,here we investigate a hybrid VEH.Unlike previous studies,this article analyzes the stochastic responses of the hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting system with viscoelastic material under narrow-band(colored)noise.Firstly,a mass-spring-damping system model coupled with piezoelectric and electromagnetic circuits under fundamental acceleration excitation is established,and analytical solutions to the dimensionless equations are derived.Then,the formula of the amplitude-frequency responses in the deterministic case and the first-order and secondorder steady-state moments of the amplitude in the stochastic case are obtained by using the multi-scales method.The amplitude-frequency analytical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical solutions obtained by the Monte Carlo method.Furthermore,the stochastic bifurcation diagram is plotted for the first-order steady-state moment of the amplitude with respect to the detuning frequency and viscoelastic parameter.Eventually,the influence of system parameters on mean-square electric voltage,mean-square electric current and mean output power is discussed.Results show that the electromechanical coupling coefficients,random excitation and viscoelastic parameter have a positive effect on the output power of the system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a major contributor to cancer-related deaths,is particularly prevalent in Asia,largely due to hepatitis B virus infection.Its prognosis is generally poor.This case report contr...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a major contributor to cancer-related deaths,is particularly prevalent in Asia,largely due to hepatitis B virus infection.Its prognosis is generally poor.This case report contributes to the medical literature by detailing a unique approach in treating a large HCC through multidisciplinary collaboration,particularly in patients with massive HCC complicated by ruptured bleeding,a scenario not extensively documented previously.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented with large HCC complicated by intratumoral bleeding.Treatment involved a multidisciplinary approach,providing individualized care.The strategy included drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization,sorafenib-targeted therapy,laparoscopic partial hepatectomy,and standardized sintilimab monoclonal antibody therapy.Six months after treatment,the patient achieved complete radiological remission,with significant symptom relief.Imaging studies showed no lesions or recurrence,and clinical assessments confirmed complete remission.This report is notable as possibly the first docu-mented case of successfully treating such complex HCC conditions through integrated multidisciplinary efforts,offering new insights and a reference for future similar cases.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated effective multidisciplinary treatment for massive HCC with intratumoral bleeding,providing insights for future similar cases.展开更多
Germinating seeds undergo elaborate de-etiolation developmental transitions upon initial soil emergence.As central transcription factors promoting cotyledon greening,the abundance of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3(EIN3)and PH...Germinating seeds undergo elaborate de-etiolation developmental transitions upon initial soil emergence.As central transcription factors promoting cotyledon greening,the abundance of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3(EIN3)and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3(PIF3)are strictly controlled by physically associating themselves with the EIN3-BINDING F BOX PROTEINS 1 and 2(EBF1/2)for ubiquitination.Here,we report that the B-box zinc-finger protein BBX32,as a positive regulator during seedling de-etiolation.BBX32 is robustly elevated during the dark-to-light transitions.Constitutively expressing BBX32 ultimately protects against severe photobleaching damage by synchronizing the accumulation of protochlorophyllide(Pchlide)and the differentiation of etioplast–chloroplast apparatus in buried seedlings.Specifically,BBX32 directly interacts with EIN3,PIF3 and EBF1/2.These associations disrupt the assembly of the SCF^(EBF1/2)-EIN3/PIF3 E3 ligation protein complexes,thus dampening E3 ligase activity and robustly controlling EIN3/PIF3 stability.Under soil conditions,BBX32-ox largely rescues the greening deficiency of EBF1ox,and all EIN3ox/bbx32 seedlings override the bbx32 mutant defect and successfully turn green.Both biochemical findings and genetic evidence reveal a novel regulatory paradigm by which the B-box protein dampens the E3 ligase binding activity to achieve green seedlings upon changes in light or soil environmental conditions.展开更多
The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental phase that determines seedling survival,crop establishment,and yield potential.This intricate developmental process encompasses multiple stages:...The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental phase that determines seedling survival,crop establishment,and yield potential.This intricate developmental process encompasses multiple stages:seed germination beneath the soil surface,the upward growth of etiolated seedlings through the soil environment to reach the soil surface,and subsequent greening to support photoautotrophic growth.The key environmental factors influencing the transition of buried seed to seedling establishment are light,mechanical resistance imposed by soil cover,and the intricate interplay between these factors.Recent studies have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the dynamic and complex nature of this transition:as a seedling pushes upward through the soil,light exposure steadily increases while mechanical resistance gradually decreases.In response,seedlings must orchestrate the initiation of light-regulated developmental processes with adjustments to mechanical stress.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism through which light and mechanical stress interact to facilitate and optimize the transition from seed to seedling in Arabidopsis,with a particular emphasis on deep sowing conditions in rice and maize.Insights into these molecular mechanisms can advance our understanding of the seed-to-seedling biology and contribute to the genetic improvement of crops.展开更多
Single-photon detectors are ubiquitous devices in quantum-photonic-based communication,computation,metrology,and sensing.In these applications,N-fold coincidence photon counting is often needed,for example,to characte...Single-photon detectors are ubiquitous devices in quantum-photonic-based communication,computation,metrology,and sensing.In these applications,N-fold coincidence photon counting is often needed,for example,to characterize entanglement.However,N-fold coincidence photon counting typically requires N individual singlephoton detectors and associated bias and readout electronics,and these resources could become prohibitive if N goes large and the detectors need to work at cryogenic temperatures.Here,to break this limit on N,we propose a device architecture based on N cascaded photosensitive superconducting nanowires and one wider nanowire that functions as a current reservoir.We show that by strategically designing the device,the network of these superconducting nanowires can work in a synergic manner as an n-photon detector,where n can be from 1 to N,depending on the bias conditions.We therefore name the devices of this type superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors(SNMPDs).In addition to its simple one-port bias and readout circuitry,the coincidences are counted internally in the detector,eliminating the need for external multi-channel,time-correlated pulse counters.We believe that the SNMPDs proposed in this work could open avenues towards conveniently measuring high-order temporal correlations of light and characterizing multi-photon entanglement.展开更多
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios.So far,most multi-channel SNSPD systems,either reported in ...Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios.So far,most multi-channel SNSPD systems,either reported in literature or commercially available,are polarization sensitive,that is,the system detection efficiency(SDE)of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected photons.Here,we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm,which are all featured with low polarization sensitivity.In a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K,we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices:(1)SNSPD,composed of a single,continuous nanowire and(2)superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector(SNAP),composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in parallel.The highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96+^(4)_(-5%),with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per second.The average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90±5%.It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated,high SDE at the wavelength of interest,and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count(false-count)rates,whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time domain.With the adoption of this system,we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a singlephoton source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed laser.It is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE,low polarization sensitivity,and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.展开更多
基金funded by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFE0202300)International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program(Talent-Introduction Program)in 2020.
文摘Germplasm conserved in gene banks is underutilized,owing mainly to the cost of characterization.Genomic prediction can be applied to predict the genetic merit of germplasm.Germplasm utilization could be greatly accelerated if prediction accuracy were sufficiently high with a training population of practical size.Large-scale resequencing projects in rice have generated high quality genome-wide variation information for many diverse accessions,making it possible to investigate the potential of genomic prediction in rice germplasm management and exploitation.We phenotyped six traits in nearly 2000 indica(XI)and japonica(GJ)accessions from the Rice 3K project and investigated different scenarios for forming training populations.A composite core training set was considered in two levels which targets used for prediction of subpopulations within subspecies or prediction across subspecies.Composite training sets incorporating 400 or 200 accessions from either subpopulation of XI or GJ showed satisfactory prediction accuracy.A composite training set of 600 XI and GJ accessions showed sufficiently high prediction accuracy for both XI and GJ subspecies.Comparable or even higher prediction accuracy was observed for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets comprising accessions only of specific subpopulations of XI or GJ(within-subspecies level)or pure XI or GJ accessions(across-subspecies level)that were included in the composite training set.Validation using an independent population of 281 rice cultivars supported the predictive ability of the composite training set.Reliability,which reflects the robustness of a training set,was markedly higher for the composite training set than for the corresponding homogeneous training sets.A core training set formed from diverse accessions could accurately predict the genetic merit of rice germplasm.
基金supported by the Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore(SERIS)at the National University of Singapore(NUS).SERIS is supported by NUS,the National Research Foundation Singapore(NRF),the Energy Market Authority of Singapore(EMA),and the Singapore Economic Development Board(EDB)support from the Science and Engineering Research Council of Singapore with Grant No.A1898b0043Singapore NRF CRP Grant No.NRF-CRP24-2020-0002.
文摘Electron transport layers(ETLs)are crucial for achieving efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Reports on versatile inorganic ETLs using a simple film fabrication method and applicability for both low-cost planar regular and inverted PSCs with excellent efficiencies(>22%)and high stability are very limited.Herein,we employ a novel inorganic ZnSe as ETL for both regular and inverted PSCs to improve the efficiency and stability using a simple thermal evaporation method.The TiO_(2)-ZnSe-FAPbl_(3)heterojunction could be formed,resulting in an improved charge collection and a decreased carrier recombination further proved through theoretical calculations.The optimized regular PSCs based on TiO_(2)/ZnSe have achieved 23.25%efficiency with negligible hysteresis.In addition,the ZnSe ETL can also effectively replace the unstable bathocuproine(BCP)in inverted PSCs.Consequently,the ZnSe-based inverted device realizes a champion efficiency of 22.54%.Moreover,the regular device comprising the TiO_(2)/ZnSe layers retains 92%of its initial PCE after 10:00 h under 1 Sun continuous illumination and the inverted device comprising the C_(60)/ZnSe layers maintains over 85%of its initial PCE at 85℃for 10:00 h.This highlights one of the best results among universal ETLs in both regular and inverted perovskite photovoltaics.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002089 and 11902081)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(Grant Nos.202201010326 and 2023A04J1323)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010833)。
文摘Because of the increasing demand for electrical energy,vibration energy harvesters(VEHs)that convert vibratory energy into electrical energy are a promising technology.In order to improve the efficiency of harvesting energy from environmental vibration,here we investigate a hybrid VEH.Unlike previous studies,this article analyzes the stochastic responses of the hybrid piezoelectric and electromagnetic energy harvesting system with viscoelastic material under narrow-band(colored)noise.Firstly,a mass-spring-damping system model coupled with piezoelectric and electromagnetic circuits under fundamental acceleration excitation is established,and analytical solutions to the dimensionless equations are derived.Then,the formula of the amplitude-frequency responses in the deterministic case and the first-order and secondorder steady-state moments of the amplitude in the stochastic case are obtained by using the multi-scales method.The amplitude-frequency analytical solutions are in good agreement with the numerical solutions obtained by the Monte Carlo method.Furthermore,the stochastic bifurcation diagram is plotted for the first-order steady-state moment of the amplitude with respect to the detuning frequency and viscoelastic parameter.Eventually,the influence of system parameters on mean-square electric voltage,mean-square electric current and mean output power is discussed.Results show that the electromechanical coupling coefficients,random excitation and viscoelastic parameter have a positive effect on the output power of the system.
基金Supported by Gansu Provincial Hospital Internal Medicine Research Fund Project,No.22GSSYD-47"Innovation Star"Project for Graduate Students of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine,No.2023CXZX-756the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.21JR11RA187.
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),a major contributor to cancer-related deaths,is particularly prevalent in Asia,largely due to hepatitis B virus infection.Its prognosis is generally poor.This case report contributes to the medical literature by detailing a unique approach in treating a large HCC through multidisciplinary collaboration,particularly in patients with massive HCC complicated by ruptured bleeding,a scenario not extensively documented previously.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented with large HCC complicated by intratumoral bleeding.Treatment involved a multidisciplinary approach,providing individualized care.The strategy included drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization,sorafenib-targeted therapy,laparoscopic partial hepatectomy,and standardized sintilimab monoclonal antibody therapy.Six months after treatment,the patient achieved complete radiological remission,with significant symptom relief.Imaging studies showed no lesions or recurrence,and clinical assessments confirmed complete remission.This report is notable as possibly the first docu-mented case of successfully treating such complex HCC conditions through integrated multidisciplinary efforts,offering new insights and a reference for future similar cases.CONCLUSION This study demonstrated effective multidisciplinary treatment for massive HCC with intratumoral bleeding,providing insights for future similar cases.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3210040280)Natural Science Research Project of University in Anhui Province(2022AH020062)Anhui Agricultural University Startup Fund(rc422104)to Qingqing Wu.
文摘Germinating seeds undergo elaborate de-etiolation developmental transitions upon initial soil emergence.As central transcription factors promoting cotyledon greening,the abundance of ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE 3(EIN3)and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3(PIF3)are strictly controlled by physically associating themselves with the EIN3-BINDING F BOX PROTEINS 1 and 2(EBF1/2)for ubiquitination.Here,we report that the B-box zinc-finger protein BBX32,as a positive regulator during seedling de-etiolation.BBX32 is robustly elevated during the dark-to-light transitions.Constitutively expressing BBX32 ultimately protects against severe photobleaching damage by synchronizing the accumulation of protochlorophyllide(Pchlide)and the differentiation of etioplast–chloroplast apparatus in buried seedlings.Specifically,BBX32 directly interacts with EIN3,PIF3 and EBF1/2.These associations disrupt the assembly of the SCF^(EBF1/2)-EIN3/PIF3 E3 ligation protein complexes,thus dampening E3 ligase activity and robustly controlling EIN3/PIF3 stability.Under soil conditions,BBX32-ox largely rescues the greening deficiency of EBF1ox,and all EIN3ox/bbx32 seedlings override the bbx32 mutant defect and successfully turn green.Both biochemical findings and genetic evidence reveal a novel regulatory paradigm by which the B-box protein dampens the E3 ligase binding activity to achieve green seedlings upon changes in light or soil environmental conditions.
基金supported by grants from the Education Department Foundation of Anhui Province for Outstanding Young Scholars(2022AH020062)National Natural Science Foundation of China(3210040280)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province for Excellent Young Scholars(2308085Y22)to Qingqing Wu.
文摘The transition from seed to seedling represents a critical developmental phase that determines seedling survival,crop establishment,and yield potential.This intricate developmental process encompasses multiple stages:seed germination beneath the soil surface,the upward growth of etiolated seedlings through the soil environment to reach the soil surface,and subsequent greening to support photoautotrophic growth.The key environmental factors influencing the transition of buried seed to seedling establishment are light,mechanical resistance imposed by soil cover,and the intricate interplay between these factors.Recent studies have significantly enhanced our comprehension of the dynamic and complex nature of this transition:as a seedling pushes upward through the soil,light exposure steadily increases while mechanical resistance gradually decreases.In response,seedlings must orchestrate the initiation of light-regulated developmental processes with adjustments to mechanical stress.This review summarizes the molecular mechanism through which light and mechanical stress interact to facilitate and optimize the transition from seed to seedling in Arabidopsis,with a particular emphasis on deep sowing conditions in rice and maize.Insights into these molecular mechanisms can advance our understanding of the seed-to-seedling biology and contribute to the genetic improvement of crops.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11527808,61505141)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(15JCYBJC52500,19JCYBJC16900)。
文摘Single-photon detectors are ubiquitous devices in quantum-photonic-based communication,computation,metrology,and sensing.In these applications,N-fold coincidence photon counting is often needed,for example,to characterize entanglement.However,N-fold coincidence photon counting typically requires N individual singlephoton detectors and associated bias and readout electronics,and these resources could become prohibitive if N goes large and the detectors need to work at cryogenic temperatures.Here,to break this limit on N,we propose a device architecture based on N cascaded photosensitive superconducting nanowires and one wider nanowire that functions as a current reservoir.We show that by strategically designing the device,the network of these superconducting nanowires can work in a synergic manner as an n-photon detector,where n can be from 1 to N,depending on the bias conditions.We therefore name the devices of this type superconducting nanowire multi-photon detectors(SNMPDs).In addition to its simple one-port bias and readout circuitry,the coincidences are counted internally in the detector,eliminating the need for external multi-channel,time-correlated pulse counters.We believe that the SNMPDs proposed in this work could open avenues towards conveniently measuring high-order temporal correlations of light and characterizing multi-photon entanglement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071322).
文摘Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors(SNSPDs)have become a mainstream photon-counting technology that has been widely applied in various scenarios.So far,most multi-channel SNSPD systems,either reported in literature or commercially available,are polarization sensitive,that is,the system detection efficiency(SDE)of each channel is dependent on the state of polarization of the to-be-detected photons.Here,we reported an eight-channel system with fractal SNSPDs working in the wavelength range of 930 to 940 nm,which are all featured with low polarization sensitivity.In a close-cycled Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system with the base temperature of 2.2 K,we installed and compared the performance of two types of devices:(1)SNSPD,composed of a single,continuous nanowire and(2)superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector(SNAP),composed of 16 cascaded units of two nanowires electrically connected in parallel.The highest SDE among the eight channels reaches 96+^(4)_(-5%),with the polarization sensitivity of 1.02 and a dark-count rate of 13 counts per second.The average SDE for eight channels for all states of polarization is estimated to be 90±5%.It is concluded that both the SNSPDs and the SNAPs can reach saturated,high SDE at the wavelength of interest,and the SNSPDs show lower dark-count(false-count)rates,whereas the SNAPs show better properties in the time domain.With the adoption of this system,we showcased the measurements of the second-order photon-correlation functions of light emission from a singlephoton source based on a semiconductor quantum dot and from a pulsed laser.It is believed that this work will provide new choices of systems with single-photon detectors combining the merits of high SDE,low polarization sensitivity,and low noise that can be tailored for different applications.
