This study was designed to elucidate the immunoregulation of Ganoderma lucidum.HPLC fingerprint and spectrum-effect relationship of G.lucidum were established to predict the active compounds and BP neural network mode...This study was designed to elucidate the immunoregulation of Ganoderma lucidum.HPLC fingerprint and spectrum-effect relationship of G.lucidum were established to predict the active compounds and BP neural network model was established to predict the efficacy.Then the target compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry.The results indicated that there are both enhanced immunity and immunosuppressive components in G.lucidum.BP neural network was trained with the common peak area and immune effi cacy index of G.lucidum fi ngerprint as samples,and a combined evaluation system of G.lucidum fi ngerprint effi cacy was established.The correlation coeffi cient R of BP network model was 0.98643,and the error of pharmacodynamic prediction results was in the ideal range.Eight compounds were identifi ed by high resolution mass spectrometry.The compounds related to immune activity in G.lucidum were determined in this study.展开更多
Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a ke...Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a key event,as the loss of seed shattering caused a significant increase in yield.In order to understand the seed shattering process in sorghum,we further studied eight previously identified divergent sorghum germplasm with different shattering degrees.We described their phenotypes in great detail,analyzed the histology of abscission zone,and conducted a gene co-expression analysis.We observed that the abscission layer of the most strong-shattering varieties began to differentiate before the 5-10 cm panicles development stage and was completely formed at flag leaf unfolding.The protective cells on the pedicels were also fully lignified by flowering.Through the weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA),we mined for candidate genes involved in the abscission process at the heading stage.We found that these genes were mainly associated with such biological processes as hormone signal transmission(SORBI_3003G361300,SORBI_3006G216500,SORBI_3009G027800,SORBI_3007G077200),cell wall modification and degradation(SORBI_3002G205500,SORBI_3004G013800,SORBI_3010G022400,SORBI_3003G251800,SORBI_3003G254700,SORBI_3003G410800,SORBI_3009G162700,SORBI_3001G406700,SORBI_3004G042700,SORBI_3004G244600,SORBI_3001G099100),and lignin synthesis(SORBI_3004G220700,SORBI_3004G062500,SORBI_3010G214900,SORBI_3009G181800).Our study has provided candidate genes required for shedding for further study.We believe that function characterization of these genes may provide insight into our understanding of seed shattering process.展开更多
Exosomes are important cancer biomarkers,however,the accuracy of exosome detection is greatly reduced due to heterogeneity of each exosome.Detecting exosomes with a larger field-of-view(FOV)might be a good solution.Co...Exosomes are important cancer biomarkers,however,the accuracy of exosome detection is greatly reduced due to heterogeneity of each exosome.Detecting exosomes with a larger field-of-view(FOV)might be a good solution.Compound eyes offer unique advantages such as a large field of view,low aberration,and high temporal resolution.Bionic compound eyes aim to replicate such features and have broad applications in fields like machine vision and medical imaging.In this paper,we propose the fabrication and application of a bionic compound eye for quantitative detection of exosomes,which allows fluorescence imaging of exosomes with an enlarged FOV,achieving a detection limit as low as 9.1×10^(2)particles/mL.The bionic compound eye is formed by simply replicating a fly eye with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS).To detect exosomes,a microfluidic array chip compatible with the compound eye is designed.Exosomes are captured on the chip using CD63 aptamers as the capturing probes.Another kind of fluorescent aptamers are utilized to recognize the captured exosomes.Large FOV dual-color fluorescence(LFDF)imaging of these exosomes is realized by inserting the compound eye between the objective and microfluidic chip.The advantages of LFDF imaging include,first,dual-color fluorescence imaging can guarantee that we are indeed imaging exosomes;second,large FOV can reduce the impact of heterogeneity of exosomes.Thus,the reliability of assay results would be greatly improved.As a proof-of-concept,breast cancer exosomes were used as the example.The experimental results showed that,compared to imaging without the compound eye,the standard deviation of LFDF imaging results decreased by approximately 38%.Thus,the detection errors could be greatly reduced.The feasibility of using LFDF imaging for subtype classification of breast cancer exosomes was also preliminarily validated.This technology offers a new,low-cost,and highly accurate solution for exosome based cancer diagnosis.展开更多
To address the current issues of low reconfigurability,low integration,and high dynamic power consumption in programmable units,this study proposes a novel programmable photonic unit cell,termed MZI-cascaded-ring unit...To address the current issues of low reconfigurability,low integration,and high dynamic power consumption in programmable units,this study proposes a novel programmable photonic unit cell,termed MZI-cascaded-ring unit(MCR).The unit functions analogously to an MZI,enabling broadband routing when operating within the free spectral range(FSR)of the embedded resonator,and it transitions into a wavelength-selective mode,leveraging the micro-ring’s resonance to achieve precise amplitude and phase control for narrowband signals while outside the FSR,featuring dual operational regimes.With the implementation of spiral waveguide structures,the design achieves higher integration density and lower dynamic power consumption.Based on the hexagonal mesh extension of such a unit,the programmable photonic processor successfully demonstrates a reconfiguration of large amounts of fundamental functions with tunable performance metrics,including broadband linear operations like optical router and wavelength-selective functionalities like wavelength division multiplexing.This work establishes a new paradigm for programmable photonic integrated circuit design.展开更多
The synergistic strategy based on magnetic hyperthermia and free radical therapy demonstrates tremendous potential in inducing effective tumor cell death. Therefore, the development of a novel multifunctional micromot...The synergistic strategy based on magnetic hyperthermia and free radical therapy demonstrates tremendous potential in inducing effective tumor cell death. Therefore, the development of a novel multifunctional micromotor with magnetic-thermal dual responsiveness is of paramount importance.Here, a novel silicon-based tubular micromotor(SiMMs) is presented, which is fabricated via template-assisted atomic layer deposition(ALD). The SiMMs is specially designed to load 2,2'-azobis(2-midinopropane) dihydrochloride(AAPH), which is an anticancer drug. Firstly, the micromotors were prepared using a polycarbonate(PC) film as a template to grow silicon microtubes via ALD. Then, a multi-step functionalization process was carried out, the silicon microtubes were modified with Fe_(3)O_(4) magnetic nanoparticles and gold core–silver shell nanoparticles to enable magnetic controllability and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) traceability. Subsequently,aptamers and AAPH were further modified onto the microtubes through a coupling method. Finally,characterizations of SiMMs were conducted, including motion behaviors, fluorescence and SERS signals. Magnetic–hyperthermia synergistic therapy of cancer cells using SiMMs were also investigated. Results indicated that SiMMs exhibit excellent magnetic controllability, targeted drug delivery efficiency, real-time monitoring capabilities, and outstanding cytotoxicity towards cancer cells under an alternating magnetic field(AMF). The novel SiMMs-based drug carrier and synergistic treatment strategy provide a new platform for cancer therapy.展开更多
Sweet orange has one of the largest cultivar groups in Citrus,characterized by diverse horticultural traits developed through the selection of bud sports(somatic mutants).However,the role of transposable-element activ...Sweet orange has one of the largest cultivar groups in Citrus,characterized by diverse horticultural traits developed through the selection of bud sports(somatic mutants).However,the role of transposable-element activity in its diversification is largely unknown.Here,we comprehensively surveyed transposon activity in sweet orange genomes and identified six transposon families whose activity is increased up to 8974.2-fold in modern cultivars.These insertions serve as mutational markers,enabling the tagging of major sweet orange cultivar groups and distinguishing over 99%of sweet orange accessions.Moreover,they are significantly enriched in genes that affect plant development and hormone signaling.The widespread insertions of these hyperactive transposons enabled us to trace the lineage history of nearly all sweet orange cultivars,dating them to a common ancestor∼500 years ago,and to infer three major dispersal events.The activation of these transposons has resulted in significantly higher transposon activity in sweet orange compared to its parental species,revealing their unrecognized and crucial role in sweet orange breeding.展开更多
The principle of optical trapping is conventionally based on the interaction of optical fields with linear-induced polarizations. However, the optical force originating from the nonlinear polarization becomes signific...The principle of optical trapping is conventionally based on the interaction of optical fields with linear-induced polarizations. However, the optical force originating from the nonlinear polarization becomes significant when nonlinear optical nanoparticles are trapped by femtosecond laser pulses. Herein we develop the time-averaged optical forces on a nonlinear optical nanoparticle using high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses, based on the linear and nonlinear polarization effects. We investigate the dependence of the optical forces on the magnitudes and signs of the refractive nonlinearities. It is found that the self-focusing effect enhances the trapping ability, whereas the self-defocusing effect leads to the splitting of the potential well at the focal plane and destabilizes the optical trap. Our results show good agreement with the reported experimental observations and provide theoretical support for capturing nonlinear optical particles.展开更多
Discovering novel drugs for cancer immunotherapy requires a robust in vitro drug screening platform that allows for straightforward probing of cell-ceil communications. Here, we combined surface-enhanced Raman scatter...Discovering novel drugs for cancer immunotherapy requires a robust in vitro drug screening platform that allows for straightforward probing of cell-ceil communications. Here, we combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） nanoprobes with microfluidic networks to monitor in situ the cancer-immune system intercellular communications. The microfluidic platform links up immune cells with cancer cells, where the cancer-cell secretions act as signaling mediators. First, gold@silver core--shell nanorods were employed to fabricate SERS immunoprobes for analysis of the signaling molecules. Multiple cancer secretions in a tumor microenvironment were quantitatively analyzed by a SERS-assisted three-dimensional （3D） barcode immunoassay with high sensitivity （1 ng/mL）. Second, in an on-chip cell proliferation assay, multiple immunosuppressive proteins secreted by cancer cells were found to inhibit activation of immune cells, indicating that the platform simulates the physiological process of cancer-immune system communications. Furthermore, potential drug candidates were tested on this platform. A quantitative SERS immunoassay was performed to evaluate drug efficacy at regulating the secretion behavior of cancer cells and the activity of immune cells. This assay showed the suitability of this platform for in vitro drug screening. It is expected that the fully integrated and highly automated SERS-microfluidic platform will become a powerful analytical tool for probing intercellular communications and should accelerate the discovery and clinical validation of novel druKs.展开更多
Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an...Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an arbitrary photonic spin and propose a convenient method to manipulate the movement behavior of the trapped nanoparticles. In order to achieve controllable spin axis orientation and ellipticity of the tightly focused beam in three dimensions, an efficient method to analytically calculate and experimentally generate complex optical fields at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture lens is developed. By numerically calculating the optical forces and torques of Rayleigh particles with spherical/ellipsoidal shape, we demonstrate that the interactions between the tunable photonic spin and nanoparticles lead to not only 3D trapping but also precise control of the nanoparticles' movements in terms of stable orientation, rotational orientation, and rotation frequency. This versatile trapping method may open up new avenues for optical trapping and their applications in various scientific fields.展开更多
We investigate femtosecond laser trapping dynamics of two-photon absorbing hollow-core nanoparticles with different volume fractions and two-photon absorption(TPA)coefficients.Numerical simulations show that the hollo...We investigate femtosecond laser trapping dynamics of two-photon absorbing hollow-core nanoparticles with different volume fractions and two-photon absorption(TPA)coefficients.Numerical simulations show that the hollow-core particles with low and high-volume fractions can easily be trapped and bounced by the tightly focused Gaussian laser pulses,respectively.Further studies show that the hollow-core particles with and without TPA can be identified,because the TPA effect enhances the radiation force,and subsequently the longitudinal force destabilizes the trap by pushing the particle away from the focal point.The results may find direct applications in particle sorting and characterizing the TPA coefficient of single nanoparticles.展开更多
Photonic structures with topological edge states and resonance loops are both important in optical communication systems,but they are usually two separate structures.In order to obtain a photonic system combining prop...Photonic structures with topological edge states and resonance loops are both important in optical communication systems,but they are usually two separate structures.In order to obtain a photonic system combining properties from both,we design multiple-layer nested photonic topological structures.The nested topological loops not only have topological protection immune to structural disorder and defects,but also possess both the properties of unidirectional propagation and loop resonance.Through mode analysis and simulations,we find that the transport can form diverse circulation loops.Each loop has its own resonance frequencies and can be solely excited in the nested layered structure through choosing its resonance frequencies.As a result,this work shows great application prospects in the area of reconfigurable photonic circuits.展开更多
'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell,...'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell, whereas it transformed into wurtzite phase under 5 min radiation with a 400 nm, 594 μJ∕cm2femtosecond(fs) laser beam.The evolution of the NCs’ spontaneous emission under the fs laser radiation was recorded with a Hamamatsu streak camera. The as-synthesized NCs exhibit an amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) at 530 nm, which comes from a bulk-like Cd S shell due to the interfacial potential barrier, which could slow down the relaxation of holes from the shell to the core. After being annealed by an fs laser, the ASE of the g-NCs is transferred from a bulk-like Cd S shell to a quantum-confined Cd Se core because the phase transformation determined with the XRD measurement could remove the interfacial barrier. Besides the ASE at 643 nm, two shorter-wavelength ASE peaks at 589 and 541 nm, corresponding to optical transitions of the second(1P) and third(1D) electron quantization shells of the Cd Se core, also appear, thus indicating that Auger recombination is effectively suppressed.展开更多
Understanding the nonlinear optical effect of novel materials plays a crucial role in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.Herein,we theoretically and experimentally investigate the simultaneous presence of thi...Understanding the nonlinear optical effect of novel materials plays a crucial role in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.Herein,we theoretically and experimentally investigate the simultaneous presence of third-order locally refractive nonlinearity and thermally induced nonlocal nonlinearity saturation.We present analytical expressions for the closed-aperture Z-scan trace and the number of spatial self-phase modulation(SSPM)rings,which allows one to unambiguously and conveniently separate the contributions of local and nonlocal nonlinear refraction in the case that both effects occur simultaneously.As a test,we study both the local and thermally induced nonlocal nonlinear refraction in fullerene/toluene solution by performing continuous-wave Z-scan and SSPM measurements at two different wavelengths.This work enriches the understanding of the physical mechanism of the optical nonlinear refraction effect in solution dispersions of nanomaterials,which can be exploited for nonlinear photonic devices.展开更多
Glucose detection in complex matrix such as physiological fluids and drinks can provide useful information guide for people.However,traditional detection methods toward complex matrix suffer from the impurity interfer...Glucose detection in complex matrix such as physiological fluids and drinks can provide useful information guide for people.However,traditional detection methods toward complex matrix suffer from the impurity interference or complex pretreatments.So,it is important to exploit a universal and sensitive glucose detection strategy in complex matrix.In this work,a cascade catalytic scheme based on peroxidase-like MBs@MIL-100(Fe)@Ag(MMA)is developed for sensitive glucose detection in complex solution.Using 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)as an indicator,MMA can trigger catalytic cascade reactions for specific glucose sensing.In particular,the peroxidase-like MIL-100(Fe)serves as both the catalysis unit and enrichment unit.Oxidation state of TMB(oxTMB)can be effectively and specifically enriched by MIL-100(Fe)to exclude the interference of undesired impurities and macromolecules,which is suitable for complex sample matrix including colored soda and saliva.In addition,utilizing the peroxidase-like activity of MIL-100(Fe)for self-clean,the residual indicator molecules can be degraded,resulting in the recyclable use of MMA.展开更多
Emerging single-cell technologies create new opportunities for unraveling tumor heterogeneity.However,the development of high-content phenotyping platform is still at its infancy.Here,we develop a microfluidic chip fo...Emerging single-cell technologies create new opportunities for unraveling tumor heterogeneity.However,the development of high-content phenotyping platform is still at its infancy.Here,we develop a microfluidic chip for two-dimensional(2D)profiling of tumor chemotactic and molecular features at single cell resolution.Individual cells were captured by the triangular micropillar arrays in the cell-loading channel,facilitating downstream single-cell analysis.For 2D phenotyping,the chemotactic properties of tumor cells were visualized through cellular migratory behavior in microchannels,while their protein expression was profiled with multiplex surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)nanovectors,in which Raman reporter-embedded gold@silver core-shell nanoparticles(Au@Ag REPs)were modified with DNA aptamers targeting cellular surface proteins.As a proof of concept,breast cancer cells with diverse phenotypes were tested on the chip,demonstrating the capability of this platform for simultaneous chemotactic and molecular analysis.The chip is expected to provide a powerful tool for investigating tumor heterogeneity and promoting clinical precision medicine.展开更多
Plasmonic resonance with Fano lineshape has attracted a great deal of recent interest. Here we design a new structure with a dimer grating upon a gold film separated by a layer of silica spacer, which has two resonant...Plasmonic resonance with Fano lineshape has attracted a great deal of recent interest. Here we design a new structure with a dimer grating upon a gold film separated by a layer of silica spacer, which has two resonant modes corresponding to the dimer’s localized surface plasmon resonance and the surface plasmon resonance excited by the dimer grating. This structure has three advantages for near-infrared detection in water. First, it provides two resonant modes to enhance the excitation and scattered signals of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.Second, coupling of these two modes results in a Fano resonance, providing a higher electric field enhancement.Finally, the dimer provides more flexible tunability compared to a single disk structure.展开更多
基金This work was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0400200)Key Project in Science and Technology Agency of Kaifeng City(1906006)Major Public Welfare Projects in Henan Province(201300110200).
文摘This study was designed to elucidate the immunoregulation of Ganoderma lucidum.HPLC fingerprint and spectrum-effect relationship of G.lucidum were established to predict the active compounds and BP neural network model was established to predict the efficacy.Then the target compounds were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry.The results indicated that there are both enhanced immunity and immunosuppressive components in G.lucidum.BP neural network was trained with the common peak area and immune effi cacy index of G.lucidum fi ngerprint as samples,and a combined evaluation system of G.lucidum fi ngerprint effi cacy was established.The correlation coeffi cient R of BP network model was 0.98643,and the error of pharmacodynamic prediction results was in the ideal range.Eight compounds were identifi ed by high resolution mass spectrometry.The compounds related to immune activity in G.lucidum were determined in this study.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000706,2018YFD1000700).
文摘Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench],a multipurpose C4 crop,is also a model species of the Poaceae family for plant research.During the process of domestication,the modification of seed dispersal mode is considered a key event,as the loss of seed shattering caused a significant increase in yield.In order to understand the seed shattering process in sorghum,we further studied eight previously identified divergent sorghum germplasm with different shattering degrees.We described their phenotypes in great detail,analyzed the histology of abscission zone,and conducted a gene co-expression analysis.We observed that the abscission layer of the most strong-shattering varieties began to differentiate before the 5-10 cm panicles development stage and was completely formed at flag leaf unfolding.The protective cells on the pedicels were also fully lignified by flowering.Through the weighted gene correlation network analysis(WGCNA),we mined for candidate genes involved in the abscission process at the heading stage.We found that these genes were mainly associated with such biological processes as hormone signal transmission(SORBI_3003G361300,SORBI_3006G216500,SORBI_3009G027800,SORBI_3007G077200),cell wall modification and degradation(SORBI_3002G205500,SORBI_3004G013800,SORBI_3010G022400,SORBI_3003G251800,SORBI_3003G254700,SORBI_3003G410800,SORBI_3009G162700,SORBI_3001G406700,SORBI_3004G042700,SORBI_3004G244600,SORBI_3001G099100),and lignin synthesis(SORBI_3004G220700,SORBI_3004G062500,SORBI_3010G214900,SORBI_3009G181800).Our study has provided candidate genes required for shedding for further study.We believe that function characterization of these genes may provide insight into our understanding of seed shattering process.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62175027,62175030,62205053,and 62305054).
文摘Exosomes are important cancer biomarkers,however,the accuracy of exosome detection is greatly reduced due to heterogeneity of each exosome.Detecting exosomes with a larger field-of-view(FOV)might be a good solution.Compound eyes offer unique advantages such as a large field of view,low aberration,and high temporal resolution.Bionic compound eyes aim to replicate such features and have broad applications in fields like machine vision and medical imaging.In this paper,we propose the fabrication and application of a bionic compound eye for quantitative detection of exosomes,which allows fluorescence imaging of exosomes with an enlarged FOV,achieving a detection limit as low as 9.1×10^(2)particles/mL.The bionic compound eye is formed by simply replicating a fly eye with polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS).To detect exosomes,a microfluidic array chip compatible with the compound eye is designed.Exosomes are captured on the chip using CD63 aptamers as the capturing probes.Another kind of fluorescent aptamers are utilized to recognize the captured exosomes.Large FOV dual-color fluorescence(LFDF)imaging of these exosomes is realized by inserting the compound eye between the objective and microfluidic chip.The advantages of LFDF imaging include,first,dual-color fluorescence imaging can guarantee that we are indeed imaging exosomes;second,large FOV can reduce the impact of heterogeneity of exosomes.Thus,the reliability of assay results would be greatly improved.As a proof-of-concept,breast cancer exosomes were used as the example.The experimental results showed that,compared to imaging without the compound eye,the standard deviation of LFDF imaging results decreased by approximately 38%.Thus,the detection errors could be greatly reduced.The feasibility of using LFDF imaging for subtype classification of breast cancer exosomes was also preliminarily validated.This technology offers a new,low-cost,and highly accurate solution for exosome based cancer diagnosis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62075038)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX24_0401).
文摘To address the current issues of low reconfigurability,low integration,and high dynamic power consumption in programmable units,this study proposes a novel programmable photonic unit cell,termed MZI-cascaded-ring unit(MCR).The unit functions analogously to an MZI,enabling broadband routing when operating within the free spectral range(FSR)of the embedded resonator,and it transitions into a wavelength-selective mode,leveraging the micro-ring’s resonance to achieve precise amplitude and phase control for narrowband signals while outside the FSR,featuring dual operational regimes.With the implementation of spiral waveguide structures,the design achieves higher integration density and lower dynamic power consumption.Based on the hexagonal mesh extension of such a unit,the programmable photonic processor successfully demonstrates a reconfiguration of large amounts of fundamental functions with tunable performance metrics,including broadband linear operations like optical router and wavelength-selective functionalities like wavelength division multiplexing.This work establishes a new paradigm for programmable photonic integrated circuit design.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (Nos. 62175027, 62175030, 62305054, 62205053)。
文摘The synergistic strategy based on magnetic hyperthermia and free radical therapy demonstrates tremendous potential in inducing effective tumor cell death. Therefore, the development of a novel multifunctional micromotor with magnetic-thermal dual responsiveness is of paramount importance.Here, a novel silicon-based tubular micromotor(SiMMs) is presented, which is fabricated via template-assisted atomic layer deposition(ALD). The SiMMs is specially designed to load 2,2'-azobis(2-midinopropane) dihydrochloride(AAPH), which is an anticancer drug. Firstly, the micromotors were prepared using a polycarbonate(PC) film as a template to grow silicon microtubes via ALD. Then, a multi-step functionalization process was carried out, the silicon microtubes were modified with Fe_(3)O_(4) magnetic nanoparticles and gold core–silver shell nanoparticles to enable magnetic controllability and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) traceability. Subsequently,aptamers and AAPH were further modified onto the microtubes through a coupling method. Finally,characterizations of SiMMs were conducted, including motion behaviors, fluorescence and SERS signals. Magnetic–hyperthermia synergistic therapy of cancer cells using SiMMs were also investigated. Results indicated that SiMMs exhibit excellent magnetic controllability, targeted drug delivery efficiency, real-time monitoring capabilities, and outstanding cytotoxicity towards cancer cells under an alternating magnetic field(AMF). The novel SiMMs-based drug carrier and synergistic treatment strategy provide a new platform for cancer therapy.
基金supported in part by the US National Institute of Food and Agriculture(NIFA,grant number 2023-70029-41309)to F.L.,Y.D.,and F.G.G.the US National Science Foundation(NSF,grant numbers ABI1759856,MRI-2018069,and MTM2-2025541)to F.L.the Guangdong Provincial Special Fund for Modern Agriculture Industry Technology Innovation Teams(2024CXTD10)to Y.C.
文摘Sweet orange has one of the largest cultivar groups in Citrus,characterized by diverse horticultural traits developed through the selection of bud sports(somatic mutants).However,the role of transposable-element activity in its diversification is largely unknown.Here,we comprehensively surveyed transposon activity in sweet orange genomes and identified six transposon families whose activity is increased up to 8974.2-fold in modern cultivars.These insertions serve as mutational markers,enabling the tagging of major sweet orange cultivar groups and distinguishing over 99%of sweet orange accessions.Moreover,they are significantly enriched in genes that affect plant development and hormone signaling.The widespread insertions of these hyperactive transposons enabled us to trace the lineage history of nearly all sweet orange cultivars,dating them to a common ancestor∼500 years ago,and to infer three major dispersal events.The activation of these transposons has resulted in significantly higher transposon activity in sweet orange compared to its parental species,revealing their unrecognized and crucial role in sweet orange breeding.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11474052,11504049,11774055,61535003)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20171364)National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB352002)
文摘The principle of optical trapping is conventionally based on the interaction of optical fields with linear-induced polarizations. However, the optical force originating from the nonlinear polarization becomes significant when nonlinear optical nanoparticles are trapped by femtosecond laser pulses. Herein we develop the time-averaged optical forces on a nonlinear optical nanoparticle using high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser pulses, based on the linear and nonlinear polarization effects. We investigate the dependence of the optical forces on the magnitudes and signs of the refractive nonlinearities. It is found that the self-focusing effect enhances the trapping ability, whereas the self-defocusing effect leads to the splitting of the potential well at the focal plane and destabilizes the optical trap. Our results show good agreement with the reported experimental observations and provide theoretical support for capturing nonlinear optical particles.
文摘Discovering novel drugs for cancer immunotherapy requires a robust in vitro drug screening platform that allows for straightforward probing of cell-ceil communications. Here, we combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） nanoprobes with microfluidic networks to monitor in situ the cancer-immune system intercellular communications. The microfluidic platform links up immune cells with cancer cells, where the cancer-cell secretions act as signaling mediators. First, gold@silver core--shell nanorods were employed to fabricate SERS immunoprobes for analysis of the signaling molecules. Multiple cancer secretions in a tumor microenvironment were quantitatively analyzed by a SERS-assisted three-dimensional （3D） barcode immunoassay with high sensitivity （1 ng/mL）. Second, in an on-chip cell proliferation assay, multiple immunosuppressive proteins secreted by cancer cells were found to inhibit activation of immune cells, indicating that the platform simulates the physiological process of cancer-immune system communications. Furthermore, potential drug candidates were tested on this platform. A quantitative SERS immunoassay was performed to evaluate drug efficacy at regulating the secretion behavior of cancer cells and the activity of immune cells. This assay showed the suitability of this platform for in vitro drug screening. It is expected that the fully integrated and highly automated SERS-microfluidic platform will become a powerful analytical tool for probing intercellular communications and should accelerate the discovery and clinical validation of novel druKs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(11504049,11474052,11774055)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20150593)National Key Basic Research Program of China(2015CB352002)
文摘Optical trapping techniques hold great interest for their advantages that enable direct handling of nanoparticles. In this work, we study the optical trapping effects of a diffraction-limited focal field possessing an arbitrary photonic spin and propose a convenient method to manipulate the movement behavior of the trapped nanoparticles. In order to achieve controllable spin axis orientation and ellipticity of the tightly focused beam in three dimensions, an efficient method to analytically calculate and experimentally generate complex optical fields at the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture lens is developed. By numerically calculating the optical forces and torques of Rayleigh particles with spherical/ellipsoidal shape, we demonstrate that the interactions between the tunable photonic spin and nanoparticles lead to not only 3D trapping but also precise control of the nanoparticles' movements in terms of stable orientation, rotational orientation, and rotation frequency. This versatile trapping method may open up new avenues for optical trapping and their applications in various scientific fields.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11774055)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171364)。
文摘We investigate femtosecond laser trapping dynamics of two-photon absorbing hollow-core nanoparticles with different volume fractions and two-photon absorption(TPA)coefficients.Numerical simulations show that the hollow-core particles with low and high-volume fractions can easily be trapped and bounced by the tightly focused Gaussian laser pulses,respectively.Further studies show that the hollow-core particles with and without TPA can be identified,because the TPA effect enhances the radiation force,and subsequently the longitudinal force destabilizes the trap by pushing the particle away from the focal point.The results may find direct applications in particle sorting and characterizing the TPA coefficient of single nanoparticles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11774055 and 12074066)。
文摘Photonic structures with topological edge states and resonance loops are both important in optical communication systems,but they are usually two separate structures.In order to obtain a photonic system combining properties from both,we design multiple-layer nested photonic topological structures.The nested topological loops not only have topological protection immune to structural disorder and defects,but also possess both the properties of unidirectional propagation and loop resonance.Through mode analysis and simulations,we find that the transport can form diverse circulation loops.Each loop has its own resonance frequencies and can be solely excited in the nested layered structure through choosing its resonance frequencies.As a result,this work shows great application prospects in the area of reconfigurable photonic circuits.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB921801)the Science and Technology Department of Jiang Su Province (BE2012163)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (YBJJ1443)
文摘'Giant' Cd Se/Cd S core/shell nanocrystals(NCs) were synthesized with thick Cd S shell(15 monolayers), and the x-ray diffraction(XRD) measurement indicates there is a zinc blende phase in the thick Cd S shell, whereas it transformed into wurtzite phase under 5 min radiation with a 400 nm, 594 μJ∕cm2femtosecond(fs) laser beam.The evolution of the NCs’ spontaneous emission under the fs laser radiation was recorded with a Hamamatsu streak camera. The as-synthesized NCs exhibit an amplified spontaneous emission(ASE) at 530 nm, which comes from a bulk-like Cd S shell due to the interfacial potential barrier, which could slow down the relaxation of holes from the shell to the core. After being annealed by an fs laser, the ASE of the g-NCs is transferred from a bulk-like Cd S shell to a quantum-confined Cd Se core because the phase transformation determined with the XRD measurement could remove the interfacial barrier. Besides the ASE at 643 nm, two shorter-wavelength ASE peaks at 589 and 541 nm, corresponding to optical transitions of the second(1P) and third(1D) electron quantization shells of the Cd Se core, also appear, thus indicating that Auger recombination is effectively suppressed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11774055 and 11474052)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20171364)
文摘Understanding the nonlinear optical effect of novel materials plays a crucial role in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.Herein,we theoretically and experimentally investigate the simultaneous presence of third-order locally refractive nonlinearity and thermally induced nonlocal nonlinearity saturation.We present analytical expressions for the closed-aperture Z-scan trace and the number of spatial self-phase modulation(SSPM)rings,which allows one to unambiguously and conveniently separate the contributions of local and nonlocal nonlinear refraction in the case that both effects occur simultaneously.As a test,we study both the local and thermally induced nonlocal nonlinear refraction in fullerene/toluene solution by performing continuous-wave Z-scan and SSPM measurements at two different wavelengths.This work enriches the understanding of the physical mechanism of the optical nonlinear refraction effect in solution dispersions of nanomaterials,which can be exploited for nonlinear photonic devices.
基金This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62175030 and 62175027).
文摘Glucose detection in complex matrix such as physiological fluids and drinks can provide useful information guide for people.However,traditional detection methods toward complex matrix suffer from the impurity interference or complex pretreatments.So,it is important to exploit a universal and sensitive glucose detection strategy in complex matrix.In this work,a cascade catalytic scheme based on peroxidase-like MBs@MIL-100(Fe)@Ag(MMA)is developed for sensitive glucose detection in complex solution.Using 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine(TMB)as an indicator,MMA can trigger catalytic cascade reactions for specific glucose sensing.In particular,the peroxidase-like MIL-100(Fe)serves as both the catalysis unit and enrichment unit.Oxidation state of TMB(oxTMB)can be effectively and specifically enriched by MIL-100(Fe)to exclude the interference of undesired impurities and macromolecules,which is suitable for complex sample matrix including colored soda and saliva.In addition,utilizing the peroxidase-like activity of MIL-100(Fe)for self-clean,the residual indicator molecules can be degraded,resulting in the recyclable use of MMA.
基金This study was supported by the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(No.61822503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62175030 and 62175027)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021TQ0147)Jiangsu Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program(No.JSSCBS20210126)Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Project for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(No.1106000308)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.3206002104D and 3206002108A1).
文摘Emerging single-cell technologies create new opportunities for unraveling tumor heterogeneity.However,the development of high-content phenotyping platform is still at its infancy.Here,we develop a microfluidic chip for two-dimensional(2D)profiling of tumor chemotactic and molecular features at single cell resolution.Individual cells were captured by the triangular micropillar arrays in the cell-loading channel,facilitating downstream single-cell analysis.For 2D phenotyping,the chemotactic properties of tumor cells were visualized through cellular migratory behavior in microchannels,while their protein expression was profiled with multiplex surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)nanovectors,in which Raman reporter-embedded gold@silver core-shell nanoparticles(Au@Ag REPs)were modified with DNA aptamers targeting cellular surface proteins.As a proof of concept,breast cancer cells with diverse phenotypes were tested on the chip,demonstrating the capability of this platform for simultaneous chemotactic and molecular analysis.The chip is expected to provide a powerful tool for investigating tumor heterogeneity and promoting clinical precision medicine.
基金supported by the National Science Foundations of China (Grant No. 11274062)the Program of Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (Grant No. 14KJB510016)
文摘Plasmonic resonance with Fano lineshape has attracted a great deal of recent interest. Here we design a new structure with a dimer grating upon a gold film separated by a layer of silica spacer, which has two resonant modes corresponding to the dimer’s localized surface plasmon resonance and the surface plasmon resonance excited by the dimer grating. This structure has three advantages for near-infrared detection in water. First, it provides two resonant modes to enhance the excitation and scattered signals of surface-enhanced Raman scattering.Second, coupling of these two modes results in a Fano resonance, providing a higher electric field enhancement.Finally, the dimer provides more flexible tunability compared to a single disk structure.
