Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the ammonia volatilization loss with or withoutapplication of surface film-forming material (SFFM). Ammonia volatilization loss was estimated by the modeldeveloped by...Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the ammonia volatilization loss with or withoutapplication of surface film-forming material (SFFM). Ammonia volatilization loss was estimated by the modeldeveloped by Jayaweera and Mikkelsen. The results showed that the model could estimate and predict wellammonia volatilization loss also in case of SFFM addition. There was an emended factor B introduced tothe model calculation when SFPM was used. Simulated calculation showed that the effect of factor B onNHa loss was obvious. The value of B was governed by SFFM and the environmental conditions. Sensitivityanalysis suggested that pH was the main factor coatrolling NH3 volatilization loss from the floodwater.展开更多
A new water soluble surfaCe film-forming material was developed and its effect on reducing ammonia volatilization from an alkaline solution was investigated in laborstory. Results showed that the new film formed by th...A new water soluble surfaCe film-forming material was developed and its effect on reducing ammonia volatilization from an alkaline solution was investigated in laborstory. Results showed that the new film formed by the material was not only more effective in reducing ammonia loss than any other films tested but also much cheaper. The optimum amount of addition of the new film-forming material was about 10times the theoretical amount to form a monomolecular film. Under the experimental conditions, the new film could effectively depress the ammonia volatilization for at least 6 days. The cumulative ammonia loss rates for different films were fitted to a simple logistic equation, and some important parameters such as the cumulative loss, and the maximum and average volatilization rates were calculated. The effect of different films could be, therefore, compared quantitatively, indicating the new film was most effective in depressing ammonia volatilization.展开更多
The primary wind of a low-NO_x coaxial swirling burner was visualized byusing glycol as smog tracer. The information of the visual flow field was input into a computerthrough image-capturing card with CCD camera as th...The primary wind of a low-NO_x coaxial swirling burner was visualized byusing glycol as smog tracer. The information of the visual flow field was input into a computerthrough image-capturing card with CCD camera as the image-capturing element. The boundary of thevisual zone, i. e. , the interface of the primary wind and secondary wind was obtained by imageprocessing. The fractal dimension (FD) of the boundary was examined and found to vary from 1. 10 to1. 40 with S_1, S_2 and ζ_1 . It is concluded that when FD is small, the complex level of theinterface is low, and mixture between the primary and secondary wind is weak near the exit of theburner at the initial phase of combustion resulting in stratified flow; when FD is big, mixturebecomes strong near the exit of the burner. It is showed that the flow with FD ranging from 1.10 to1. 20 is stratified flow, which is benefical to reduce NO_x yield and the flow with FD from 1. 25 to1. 40 is mixed flow, producing much NO_x. The mechanism of the forming of stratified flow and mixedflow was theoretically analyzed. The corresponding S_1 , S_2 and ζ_1 of these flows were given.展开更多
Reticulons (RTN) are endoplasmic reticulum- associated protein complexes, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and identified as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation. At least four different RTN...Reticulons (RTN) are endoplasmic reticulum- associated protein complexes, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and identified as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation. At least four different RTN genes have been identified in mammals, but in most cases, the functions of the encoded proteins except mammalian RTN4-A and RTN4-B are still elusive. In the present study, mouse reticulon 3 (mRTN3) is cloned and its expression pattern in a variety of tissues is investigated. Three alternatively spliced transcripts of 1.8, 2.8 and 4.2 kb are revealed by Northern blotting hybridization. The 1.8 and 2.8 kb transcripts are expressed in many tissues. The 2.8 kb transcript has a high level in brain and the 4.2 kb transcript is only found in brain. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis indicated its high expression in non-glial cells in some particular region of mouse central nervous system, such as hippocampus, sub-thalamus nucleus, thalamus nucleus and cerebrum cortex.展开更多
文摘Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the ammonia volatilization loss with or withoutapplication of surface film-forming material (SFFM). Ammonia volatilization loss was estimated by the modeldeveloped by Jayaweera and Mikkelsen. The results showed that the model could estimate and predict wellammonia volatilization loss also in case of SFFM addition. There was an emended factor B introduced tothe model calculation when SFPM was used. Simulated calculation showed that the effect of factor B onNHa loss was obvious. The value of B was governed by SFFM and the environmental conditions. Sensitivityanalysis suggested that pH was the main factor coatrolling NH3 volatilization loss from the floodwater.
文摘A new water soluble surfaCe film-forming material was developed and its effect on reducing ammonia volatilization from an alkaline solution was investigated in laborstory. Results showed that the new film formed by the material was not only more effective in reducing ammonia loss than any other films tested but also much cheaper. The optimum amount of addition of the new film-forming material was about 10times the theoretical amount to form a monomolecular film. Under the experimental conditions, the new film could effectively depress the ammonia volatilization for at least 6 days. The cumulative ammonia loss rates for different films were fitted to a simple logistic equation, and some important parameters such as the cumulative loss, and the maximum and average volatilization rates were calculated. The effect of different films could be, therefore, compared quantitatively, indicating the new film was most effective in depressing ammonia volatilization.
文摘The primary wind of a low-NO_x coaxial swirling burner was visualized byusing glycol as smog tracer. The information of the visual flow field was input into a computerthrough image-capturing card with CCD camera as the image-capturing element. The boundary of thevisual zone, i. e. , the interface of the primary wind and secondary wind was obtained by imageprocessing. The fractal dimension (FD) of the boundary was examined and found to vary from 1. 10 to1. 40 with S_1, S_2 and ζ_1 . It is concluded that when FD is small, the complex level of theinterface is low, and mixture between the primary and secondary wind is weak near the exit of theburner at the initial phase of combustion resulting in stratified flow; when FD is big, mixturebecomes strong near the exit of the burner. It is showed that the flow with FD ranging from 1.10 to1. 20 is stratified flow, which is benefical to reduce NO_x yield and the flow with FD from 1. 25 to1. 40 is mixed flow, producing much NO_x. The mechanism of the forming of stratified flow and mixedflow was theoretically analyzed. The corresponding S_1 , S_2 and ζ_1 of these flows were given.
基金This work was supprted by the National Key Basic Rescarch Project(Grant Nos.G1998051002 and 001cb510206)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(Grant Nos.2001AA221041 and 2002BA711A01-03)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grand No.39830070).
文摘Reticulons (RTN) are endoplasmic reticulum- associated protein complexes, which are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and identified as markers for neuroendocrine differentiation. At least four different RTN genes have been identified in mammals, but in most cases, the functions of the encoded proteins except mammalian RTN4-A and RTN4-B are still elusive. In the present study, mouse reticulon 3 (mRTN3) is cloned and its expression pattern in a variety of tissues is investigated. Three alternatively spliced transcripts of 1.8, 2.8 and 4.2 kb are revealed by Northern blotting hybridization. The 1.8 and 2.8 kb transcripts are expressed in many tissues. The 2.8 kb transcript has a high level in brain and the 4.2 kb transcript is only found in brain. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis indicated its high expression in non-glial cells in some particular region of mouse central nervous system, such as hippocampus, sub-thalamus nucleus, thalamus nucleus and cerebrum cortex.
