Oxygen activation leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is essential for photocatalytic environmental remediation.The limited efficiency of O_(2)adsorption and reductive activation significantly lim...Oxygen activation leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is essential for photocatalytic environmental remediation.The limited efficiency of O_(2)adsorption and reductive activation significantly limits the production of ROS when employing C_(3)N_(4)for the degradation of emerging pollutants.Doping with metal single atoms may lead to unsatisfactory efficiency,due to the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Here,Mn and S single atoms were introduced into C_(3)N_(4),resulting in the excellent photocatalytic performances.Mn/S-C_(3)N_(4)achieved 100%removal of bisphenol A,with a rate constant 11 times that of pristine C_(3)N_(4).According to the experimental results and theoretical simulations,Satoms restrict holes,facilitating the photo-generated carriers’separation.Single-atom Mn acts as the O_(2)adsorption site,enhancing the adsorption and activation of O_(2),resulting the generation of ROS.This study presents a novel approach for developing highly effective photocatalysts that follows a new mechanism to eliminate organic pollutants from water.展开更多
Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensiona...Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensional management system.Establishing quantitative evaluation models and visual monitoring schemes to ensure quality and safety,as well as introducing cost control methods and innovative collaborative management mechanisms,ultimately forming a supervision-led paradigm and proposing directions for the application of digital twin technology.展开更多
Predicting wind power gen eration over the medium and long term is helpful for dispatchi ng departme nts,as it aids in constructing generation plans and electricity market transactions.This study presents a monthly wi...Predicting wind power gen eration over the medium and long term is helpful for dispatchi ng departme nts,as it aids in constructing generation plans and electricity market transactions.This study presents a monthly wind power gen eration forecast!ng method based on a climate model and long short-term memory(LSTM)n eural n etwork.A non linear mappi ng model is established between the meteorological elements and wind power monthly utilization hours.After considering the meteorological data(as predicted for the future)and new installed capacity planning,the monthly wind power gen eration forecast results are output.A case study shows the effectiveness of the prediction method.展开更多
A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictran...A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictransport properties were investigated. Results revealed an effective reduction of average grain size dueto LASE and a high texturing in the bulks. Moreover, along the in-plane direction, electrical conductivitywas increased noticeably due to an enhanced carrier concentration, leading to a significantly improvedpower factor of 25 μW cm^(–1) K^(–2) at 303 K. Meanwhile, the total thermal conductivity was reduced effectively owing to reduction both in lattice component due to enhanced phonon scattering with the grainsize reduction, and in the bipolar component inhibited by the increased carrier concentration. Ultimately,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.83 was obtained at 448 K along the in-plane direction, increased by 95% compared with the pristine one. These results demonstrate the LASE process as auseful assistant method for enhancing the TE performance of layered materials.展开更多
The distribution transformer is the mainstay of the power system.Its internal temperature study is desirable for its safe operation in the power system.The purpose of the present study is to determine direct comprehen...The distribution transformer is the mainstay of the power system.Its internal temperature study is desirable for its safe operation in the power system.The purpose of the present study is to determine direct comprehensive thermal distribution in the distribution transformers for different loading conditions.To achieve this goal,the temperature distribution in the oil,core,and windings are studied at each loading.An experimental study is performed with a 10/0.38 kV,10 kVA oil–immersed transformer equipped with forty–two PT100 sensors(PTs)for temperature measurement installed inside during its manufacturing process.All possible locations for the hottest spot temperature(HST)are considered that made by finite element analysis(FEA)simulation and losses calculations.A resistive load is made to achieve 80%to 120%loading of the test transformer for this experiment.Working temperature is measured in each part of the transformer at all provided loading conditions.It is observed that temperature varies with loading throughout the transformer,and a detailed map of temperature is obtained in the whole test transformer.From these results,the HST stays in the critical section of the primary winding at all loading conditions.This work is helpful to understand the complete internal temperature layout and the location of the HST in distribution transformers.展开更多
High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice ther...High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice thermal conductivity via strengthening phonon scattering.In this study,we systematically studied thermoelectric properties of Se-alloyed Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te via theoretical calculations,structural characterizations,and performance evaluations.Our results indicate that Se-alloying can induce dense point defects with mass/strain-field fluctuations and correspondingly enhance point defect phonon scattering of the Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix.Se-alloying might also change chemical bonding strength to introduce resonant states in the base frequency of Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix,which can strengthen Umklapp phonon scattering.Finally,a decreased lattice thermal conductivity from∼1.02 W m^(−1) K^(−1) to∼0.65 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 723 K is obtained in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(1-x) Se_(x) pellets with increasing the Se content from 0 to 0.3.A peak figure of merit of∼1.6 at 723 K is achieved in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(0.7) Se_(0.3) pellet,which is∼77%higher than that of pristine GeTe.This study extends the understanding on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe.展开更多
Lithium Beam Emission Spectroscopy systems in the outer midplane and divertor Langmuir probe arrays embedded in the divertor target plates,are utilized to investigate the scrape-off layer(SOL)blob transition and its r...Lithium Beam Emission Spectroscopy systems in the outer midplane and divertor Langmuir probe arrays embedded in the divertor target plates,are utilized to investigate the scrape-off layer(SOL)blob transition and its relation with divertor detachment on EAST.The blob transition in the near SOL is observed during the density ramp-up phase.When the plasma density,normalized to the Greenwald density limit,exceeds a threshold of f_(GW)~0.5,the blob size and lifetime increases by 2–3 times,while the blob detection rate decreases by about 2 times.In addition,a weak density shoulder is observed in the near SOL region at the same density threshold.Further analysis indicates that the divertor detachment is highly correlated with the blob transition,and the density threshold of blob transition is consistent with that of the access to the outer divertor detachment.The potential physical mechanisms are discussed.These results could be useful for the understanding of plasma-wall interaction issues in future devices that will operate under a detached divertor and high density conditions(over the blob transition threshold).展开更多
Accurate and stable measurements of edge density fluctuation with high spatio-temporal resolution have been achieved by the lithium beam emission spectroscopy(Li-BES)diagnostic on experimental and advanced superconduc...Accurate and stable measurements of edge density fluctuation with high spatio-temporal resolution have been achieved by the lithium beam emission spectroscopy(Li-BES)diagnostic on experimental and advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST).The new narrower band interference filter exhibits good ability to suppress background emission signal even under strong lithium coating of the tokamak.The raw data measured by channels at different spatial locations in avalanche photo diode camera with high chopping frequency show good consistency.Based on the detected experimental data,detailed information of density profile and fluctuation structures is obtained.A clear edge coherent mode in the auto-power spectrum is observed in pedestal region,which is regarded as the dominant factor for the strong pedestal density fluctuation amplitude.The cross-power spectrum analysis further excludes the additional effects of common-mode noises and non-local perturbation,demonstrating that the detected fluctuation is only caused by local density fluctuation.The normalized radial and poloidal wave-number spectra can specify the quantitative changes of radial wavenumber(k_(r))and poloidal wavenumber(k_(θ)) during the pedestal density fluctuation phase.This new Li-BES system,which can provide more accurate experimental data,allows further studies of edge density fluctuation and complex transport process on EAST.展开更多
The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of gra...The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of grassy ELMs under the two different magnetic configurations in the similar parameter spaces.The high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1 k Hz)in unfavorable Bt is dependent on the high poloidal betaβpand high triangularityδu,while the high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1k Hz)in favorable Btappears to rely on the high plasma density.A frequently occurring phenomenon in favorable Btdefined as‘clustered ELM’seems to be the most evident difference in ELM behavior between favorable and unfavorable Bt.Statistical analysis shows that larger plasma-wall outer gap,longer plasma elongation,lower low-hybrid wave heating power and electron cyclotron resonance heating power favor the occurrence of clustered grassy ELMs.Further studies indicate that the generation of clustered grassy ELMs could be correlated with the lower electron temperature in the bulk plasma.展开更多
The equilibrium reconstruction is important to study the tokamak plasma physical processes.To analyze the contribution of fast ions to the equilibrium,the kinetic equilibria at two time-slices in a typical H-mode disc...The equilibrium reconstruction is important to study the tokamak plasma physical processes.To analyze the contribution of fast ions to the equilibrium,the kinetic equilibria at two time-slices in a typical H-mode discharge with different auxiliary heatings are reconstructed by using magnetic diagnostics,kinetic diagnostics and TRANSP code.It is found that the fast-ion pressure might be up to one-third of the plasma pressure and the contribution is mainly in the core plasma due to the neutral beam injection power is primarily deposited in the core region.The fast-ion current contributes mainly in the core region while contributes little to the pedestal current.A steep pressure gradient in the pedestal is observed which gives rise to a strong edge current.It is proved that the fast ion effects cannot be ignored and should be considered in the future study of EAST.展开更多
Detailed investigations on the filamentary structures associated with the type-I edge-localized modes（ELMs） should be helpful for protecting the materials of a plasma-facing wall on a future large device.Related exp...Detailed investigations on the filamentary structures associated with the type-I edge-localized modes（ELMs） should be helpful for protecting the materials of a plasma-facing wall on a future large device.Related experiments have been carefully conducted in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak（EAST） using combined Langmuir-magnetic probes.The experimental results indicate that the radially outward velocity of type-I ELMy filaments can be up to 1.7 kms^（-1） in the far scrape-off layer（SOL） region.It is remarkable that the electron temperature of these filaments is detected to be ~50eV,corresponding to a fraction of 1/6 to the temperature near the pedestal top,while the density ~3×10^（19）m^（-3） of these filaments could be approximate to the line-averaged density.In addition,associated magnetic fluctuations have been clearly observed at the same time,which show good agreement with the density perturbations.A localized current on the order of ~100kA could be estimated within the filaments.展开更多
In view of their advantage in long-pulse high-performance operations, low internal inductance scenarios are being developed and tested for the EAST and other tokamaks. Dependence of the internal inductance on several ...In view of their advantage in long-pulse high-performance operations, low internal inductance scenarios are being developed and tested for the EAST and other tokamaks. Dependence of the internal inductance on several main plasma configuration parameters are statistically analyzed. It is found that the internal inductance of the plasma is closely related to the radial distance dRsep between the primary and secondary X-point surfaces on the outer mid-plane as well as the poloidal field of the last closed flux surface. Moreover, dRsep is alSO related to the distribution of the fast electrons driven by the injected lower-hybrid waves, which is partially responsible for the observed relation between dRsep and the internal inductance. The results here should therefore be helpful as a guide for future experiments on internal inductance control and long-pulse operations of the EAST and other tokamaks, as well as for detailed theoretical study of the underlying physics.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Research&Developmental Programof Shandong Province(No.2021CXGC011202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276110 and 22106088)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(No.zy202102).
文摘Oxygen activation leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)is essential for photocatalytic environmental remediation.The limited efficiency of O_(2)adsorption and reductive activation significantly limits the production of ROS when employing C_(3)N_(4)for the degradation of emerging pollutants.Doping with metal single atoms may lead to unsatisfactory efficiency,due to the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Here,Mn and S single atoms were introduced into C_(3)N_(4),resulting in the excellent photocatalytic performances.Mn/S-C_(3)N_(4)achieved 100%removal of bisphenol A,with a rate constant 11 times that of pristine C_(3)N_(4).According to the experimental results and theoretical simulations,Satoms restrict holes,facilitating the photo-generated carriers’separation.Single-atom Mn acts as the O_(2)adsorption site,enhancing the adsorption and activation of O_(2),resulting the generation of ROS.This study presents a novel approach for developing highly effective photocatalysts that follows a new mechanism to eliminate organic pollutants from water.
文摘Housing construction and municipal engineering have full lifecycle characteristics,involving multiple stages.Emphasizing the coherence and systematicity of each stage,the supervisor should establish a three-dimensional management system.Establishing quantitative evaluation models and visual monitoring schemes to ensure quality and safety,as well as introducing cost control methods and innovative collaborative management mechanisms,ultimately forming a supervision-led paradigm and proposing directions for the application of digital twin technology.
基金National Key R&D Program of China"Study on impact assessment of ecological climate and environment on the wind fann and photovoltaic plants"(2018YFB1502800)Science and Technology Project of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company"Research and application of medium and long-term forecasting technology for regional wind and photovoltaic resources and generation capacity",(5204BB170007)Special Fund Project of Hebei Provincial Government(19214310D).
文摘Predicting wind power gen eration over the medium and long term is helpful for dispatchi ng departme nts,as it aids in constructing generation plans and electricity market transactions.This study presents a monthly wind power gen eration forecast!ng method based on a climate model and long short-term memory(LSTM)n eural n etwork.A non linear mappi ng model is established between the meteorological elements and wind power monthly utilization hours.After considering the meteorological data(as predicted for the future)and new installed capacity planning,the monthly wind power gen eration forecast results are output.A case study shows the effectiveness of the prediction method.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51672127)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘A liquid-assisted shear exfoliation (LASE) as a new powder metallurgy method coupled with spark plasmasintering (SPS) was applied for n-type Bi_(2)Te_(2.7)Se_(0.3) and the effects on microstructure and anisotropictransport properties were investigated. Results revealed an effective reduction of average grain size dueto LASE and a high texturing in the bulks. Moreover, along the in-plane direction, electrical conductivitywas increased noticeably due to an enhanced carrier concentration, leading to a significantly improvedpower factor of 25 μW cm^(–1) K^(–2) at 303 K. Meanwhile, the total thermal conductivity was reduced effectively owing to reduction both in lattice component due to enhanced phonon scattering with the grainsize reduction, and in the bipolar component inhibited by the increased carrier concentration. Ultimately,a peak thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) value of 0.83 was obtained at 448 K along the in-plane direction, increased by 95% compared with the pristine one. These results demonstrate the LASE process as auseful assistant method for enhancing the TE performance of layered materials.
文摘The distribution transformer is the mainstay of the power system.Its internal temperature study is desirable for its safe operation in the power system.The purpose of the present study is to determine direct comprehensive thermal distribution in the distribution transformers for different loading conditions.To achieve this goal,the temperature distribution in the oil,core,and windings are studied at each loading.An experimental study is performed with a 10/0.38 kV,10 kVA oil–immersed transformer equipped with forty–two PT100 sensors(PTs)for temperature measurement installed inside during its manufacturing process.All possible locations for the hottest spot temperature(HST)are considered that made by finite element analysis(FEA)simulation and losses calculations.A resistive load is made to achieve 80%to 120%loading of the test transformer for this experiment.Working temperature is measured in each part of the transformer at all provided loading conditions.It is observed that temperature varies with loading throughout the transformer,and a detailed map of temperature is obtained in the whole test transformer.From these results,the HST stays in the critical section of the primary winding at all loading conditions.This work is helpful to understand the complete internal temperature layout and the location of the HST in distribution transformers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51972170)the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (No.ZK201812)+5 种基金the CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials (No.KLCMKFJJ2002)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professor Programfinacial support from the Australian Research CouncilUSQ start-up grantUSQ strategic research grant。
文摘High lattice thermal conductivity of intrinsic GeTe limits the wide application of GeTe-based thermoelectrics.Recently,the optimization of GeTe-based thermoelectric materials has been focusing on reducing lattice thermal conductivity via strengthening phonon scattering.In this study,we systematically studied thermoelectric properties of Se-alloyed Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te via theoretical calculations,structural characterizations,and performance evaluations.Our results indicate that Se-alloying can induce dense point defects with mass/strain-field fluctuations and correspondingly enhance point defect phonon scattering of the Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix.Se-alloying might also change chemical bonding strength to introduce resonant states in the base frequency of Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te matrix,which can strengthen Umklapp phonon scattering.Finally,a decreased lattice thermal conductivity from∼1.02 W m^(−1) K^(−1) to∼0.65 W m^(−1) K^(−1) at 723 K is obtained in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(1-x) Se_(x) pellets with increasing the Se content from 0 to 0.3.A peak figure of merit of∼1.6 at 723 K is achieved in Ge_(0.95) Bi_(0.05) Te_(0.7) Se_(0.3) pellet,which is∼77%higher than that of pristine GeTe.This study extends the understanding on the thermoelectric performance of GeTe.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFE0301300,2017YFA0402500,2019YFE03030000)Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(Nos.GXXT2020004,12105187)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11922513,U19A20113,11905255,12005004)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2008085QA38)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702245)。
文摘Lithium Beam Emission Spectroscopy systems in the outer midplane and divertor Langmuir probe arrays embedded in the divertor target plates,are utilized to investigate the scrape-off layer(SOL)blob transition and its relation with divertor detachment on EAST.The blob transition in the near SOL is observed during the density ramp-up phase.When the plasma density,normalized to the Greenwald density limit,exceeds a threshold of f_(GW)~0.5,the blob size and lifetime increases by 2–3 times,while the blob detection rate decreases by about 2 times.In addition,a weak density shoulder is observed in the near SOL region at the same density threshold.Further analysis indicates that the divertor detachment is highly correlated with the blob transition,and the density threshold of blob transition is consistent with that of the access to the outer divertor detachment.The potential physical mechanisms are discussed.These results could be useful for the understanding of plasma-wall interaction issues in future devices that will operate under a detached divertor and high density conditions(over the blob transition threshold).
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0301300,2019YFE03030000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11805238,11775264,11922513,U19A20113,11905255,12005004)+1 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2008085QA38)Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(No.GXXT-2020-004)。
文摘Accurate and stable measurements of edge density fluctuation with high spatio-temporal resolution have been achieved by the lithium beam emission spectroscopy(Li-BES)diagnostic on experimental and advanced superconducting tokamak(EAST).The new narrower band interference filter exhibits good ability to suppress background emission signal even under strong lithium coating of the tokamak.The raw data measured by channels at different spatial locations in avalanche photo diode camera with high chopping frequency show good consistency.Based on the detected experimental data,detailed information of density profile and fluctuation structures is obtained.A clear edge coherent mode in the auto-power spectrum is observed in pedestal region,which is regarded as the dominant factor for the strong pedestal density fluctuation amplitude.The cross-power spectrum analysis further excludes the additional effects of common-mode noises and non-local perturbation,demonstrating that the detected fluctuation is only caused by local density fluctuation.The normalized radial and poloidal wave-number spectra can specify the quantitative changes of radial wavenumber(k_(r))and poloidal wavenumber(k_(θ)) during the pedestal density fluctuation phase.This new Li-BES system,which can provide more accurate experimental data,allows further studies of edge density fluctuation and complex transport process on EAST.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China(No.2017YFE0301300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12005257 and 11905143)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,the CASHIPS Director’s Fund(No.YZJJ2020QN13)Special Research Assistant Funding of CAS and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671913)。
文摘The properties of grassy edge-localized modes(ELMs)in EAST in the favorable and unfavorable Btare statistically studied.Statistical analysis indicates that there is no systematical difference in the frequencies of grassy ELMs under the two different magnetic configurations in the similar parameter spaces.The high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1 k Hz)in unfavorable Bt is dependent on the high poloidal betaβpand high triangularityδu,while the high-frequency grassy ELM(fELM>1k Hz)in favorable Btappears to rely on the high plasma density.A frequently occurring phenomenon in favorable Btdefined as‘clustered ELM’seems to be the most evident difference in ELM behavior between favorable and unfavorable Bt.Statistical analysis shows that larger plasma-wall outer gap,longer plasma elongation,lower low-hybrid wave heating power and electron cyclotron resonance heating power favor the occurrence of clustered grassy ELMs.Further studies indicate that the generation of clustered grassy ELMs could be correlated with the lower electron temperature in the bulk plasma.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2017YFE0300400National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11475220,11405218,11575248+1 种基金the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contracts No.2014GB106001sponsored in part by Youth Innovation Promotion Association Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.2016384)
文摘The equilibrium reconstruction is important to study the tokamak plasma physical processes.To analyze the contribution of fast ions to the equilibrium,the kinetic equilibria at two time-slices in a typical H-mode discharge with different auxiliary heatings are reconstructed by using magnetic diagnostics,kinetic diagnostics and TRANSP code.It is found that the fast-ion pressure might be up to one-third of the plasma pressure and the contribution is mainly in the core plasma due to the neutral beam injection power is primarily deposited in the core region.The fast-ion current contributes mainly in the core region while contributes little to the pedestal current.A steep pressure gradient in the pedestal is observed which gives rise to a strong edge current.It is proved that the fast ion effects cannot be ignored and should be considered in the future study of EAST.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Contracts Nos.11275047,11705128,11422546,11575235,11575236 and 11505222Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS,Grant No.QYZDB-SSWSLH001National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China under Contract Nos.2015GB101000 and 2013GB107003
文摘Detailed investigations on the filamentary structures associated with the type-I edge-localized modes（ELMs） should be helpful for protecting the materials of a plasma-facing wall on a future large device.Related experiments have been carefully conducted in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak（EAST） using combined Langmuir-magnetic probes.The experimental results indicate that the radially outward velocity of type-I ELMy filaments can be up to 1.7 kms^（-1） in the far scrape-off layer（SOL） region.It is remarkable that the electron temperature of these filaments is detected to be ~50eV,corresponding to a fraction of 1/6 to the temperature near the pedestal top,while the density ~3×10^（19）m^（-3） of these filaments could be approximate to the line-averaged density.In addition,associated magnetic fluctuations have been clearly observed at the same time,which show good agreement with the density perturbations.A localized current on the order of ~100kA could be estimated within the filaments.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Research Program of China under Grant Nos. 2013GB104004, 2015GB101000, and 2013GB107003National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11235009, 11475147, 11422546, 11575235, and 11575236Fundamental Research Fund for Chinese Central Universities under Grant No. 2018FZA3004
文摘In view of their advantage in long-pulse high-performance operations, low internal inductance scenarios are being developed and tested for the EAST and other tokamaks. Dependence of the internal inductance on several main plasma configuration parameters are statistically analyzed. It is found that the internal inductance of the plasma is closely related to the radial distance dRsep between the primary and secondary X-point surfaces on the outer mid-plane as well as the poloidal field of the last closed flux surface. Moreover, dRsep is alSO related to the distribution of the fast electrons driven by the injected lower-hybrid waves, which is partially responsible for the observed relation between dRsep and the internal inductance. The results here should therefore be helpful as a guide for future experiments on internal inductance control and long-pulse operations of the EAST and other tokamaks, as well as for detailed theoretical study of the underlying physics.
