目的:通过分析儿童结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis,TBM)患者的临床特征和预后相关的危险因素,为儿童TBM高危患者的早期识别和干预提供有效依据。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月1日至2023年12月31日上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中...目的:通过分析儿童结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis,TBM)患者的临床特征和预后相关的危险因素,为儿童TBM高危患者的早期识别和干预提供有效依据。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月1日至2023年12月31日上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心首次诊断为TBM儿童患者的资料。根据门诊和电话相结合的方式,采用改良兰金量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评估儿童TBM抗结核治疗12个月后的神经系统结局,比较预后良好和预后不良两组患儿的临床特征,采用单因素和多因素分析识别和预后不良相关的因素。结果:研究共纳入TBM儿童患者91例,其中,62例预后良好,29例预后不良。患儿年龄的中位数(四分位数)为3.00(1.00,8.00)岁,51例为男性患儿。入院时预后不良组发生肌力异常(12/29,41.38%)、神志不清(16/29,55.17%)、脑积水(17/29,58.62%)的比例均高于预后良好组[分别为(9/62,14.52%)、(13/62,20.97%)和(22/62,35.48%)](χ^(2)=8.032,P=0.005;χ^(2)=10.647,P<0.001;χ^(2)=4.319,P=0.038);发生咳嗽≥2周(4/29,13.79%)和咳痰(1/29,3.45%)的比例则低于预后良好组[分别为(21/62,33.87%)、(13/62,20.97%)](χ^(2)=3.997,P=0.046;χ^(2)=4.659,P=0.031);预后不良组的格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分比预后良好组更低(13和15;Z=-4.190,P<0.001),英国医学研究委员会(Medical Research Council,MRC)疾病分期差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.327,P<0.001)。此外,预后不良组的脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)乳酸脱氢酶含量[中位数(四分位数):60.00(29.50,128.00)IU/L]、使用外脑室引流术(7/29,24.14%)以及机械通气(19/29,65.52%)的比例均高于预后良好组[分别为39.50(20.75,64.00)IU/L、(2/62,3.23%)、(25/62,40.32%)](Z=-2.100,P=0.036;χ^(2)=9.696,P=0.002;χ^(2)=5.022,P=0.025)。多因素logistic分析结果显示入院神志不清(OR=3.690;95%CI:1.045~13.034;P=0.043)和使用外脑室引流(OR=8.041;95%CI:1.064~60.760;P=0.043)是儿童TBM患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论:预后不良儿童TBM患者更多表现为严重神经系统症状(如肌力异常、低GCS评分)、脑积水及CSF乳酸脱氢酶升高,且机械通气需求更高。而预后良好组呼吸道症状(如咳嗽、咳痰)更突出,可能提示早期就诊或疾病较轻。入院神志不清、外脑室引流是提示预后不良的独立危险因素。展开更多
Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle li...Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.展开更多
文摘目的:通过分析儿童结核性脑膜炎(tuberculous meningitis,TBM)患者的临床特征和预后相关的危险因素,为儿童TBM高危患者的早期识别和干预提供有效依据。方法:回顾性收集2013年1月1日至2023年12月31日上海市(复旦大学附属)公共卫生临床中心首次诊断为TBM儿童患者的资料。根据门诊和电话相结合的方式,采用改良兰金量表(modified Rankin scale,mRS)评估儿童TBM抗结核治疗12个月后的神经系统结局,比较预后良好和预后不良两组患儿的临床特征,采用单因素和多因素分析识别和预后不良相关的因素。结果:研究共纳入TBM儿童患者91例,其中,62例预后良好,29例预后不良。患儿年龄的中位数(四分位数)为3.00(1.00,8.00)岁,51例为男性患儿。入院时预后不良组发生肌力异常(12/29,41.38%)、神志不清(16/29,55.17%)、脑积水(17/29,58.62%)的比例均高于预后良好组[分别为(9/62,14.52%)、(13/62,20.97%)和(22/62,35.48%)](χ^(2)=8.032,P=0.005;χ^(2)=10.647,P<0.001;χ^(2)=4.319,P=0.038);发生咳嗽≥2周(4/29,13.79%)和咳痰(1/29,3.45%)的比例则低于预后良好组[分别为(21/62,33.87%)、(13/62,20.97%)](χ^(2)=3.997,P=0.046;χ^(2)=4.659,P=0.031);预后不良组的格拉斯哥昏迷量表(Glasgow Coma Scale,GCS)评分比预后良好组更低(13和15;Z=-4.190,P<0.001),英国医学研究委员会(Medical Research Council,MRC)疾病分期差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=22.327,P<0.001)。此外,预后不良组的脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)乳酸脱氢酶含量[中位数(四分位数):60.00(29.50,128.00)IU/L]、使用外脑室引流术(7/29,24.14%)以及机械通气(19/29,65.52%)的比例均高于预后良好组[分别为39.50(20.75,64.00)IU/L、(2/62,3.23%)、(25/62,40.32%)](Z=-2.100,P=0.036;χ^(2)=9.696,P=0.002;χ^(2)=5.022,P=0.025)。多因素logistic分析结果显示入院神志不清(OR=3.690;95%CI:1.045~13.034;P=0.043)和使用外脑室引流(OR=8.041;95%CI:1.064~60.760;P=0.043)是儿童TBM患者预后不良的独立危险因素。结论:预后不良儿童TBM患者更多表现为严重神经系统症状(如肌力异常、低GCS评分)、脑积水及CSF乳酸脱氢酶升高,且机械通气需求更高。而预后良好组呼吸道症状(如咳嗽、咳痰)更突出,可能提示早期就诊或疾病较轻。入院神志不清、外脑室引流是提示预后不良的独立危险因素。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Fund(22105120)Shaanxi Province Qin Chuangyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Construction Project(2024QCY-KXJ-127)。
文摘Metal phosphides have been studied as prospective anode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to their higher specific capacity compared to other anode materials.However,rapid capacity decay and limited cycle life caused by volume expansion and low electrical conductivity of phosphides in SIBs remain still unsolved.To address these issues,GeP_(3) was first prepared by high-energy ball milling,and then Ketjen black(KB)was introduced to synthesize composite GeP_(3)/KB anode materials under controlled milling speed and time by a secondary ball milling process.During the ball milling process,GeP_(3) and KB form strong chemical bonds,resulting in a closely bonded composite.Consequently,the GeP_(3)/KB anodes was demonstrated excellent sodium storage performance,achieving a high reversible capacity of 933.41 mAh·g^(–1) at a current density of 0.05 A·g^(–1) for a special formula of GeP_(3)/KB-600-40 sample prepared at ball milling speed of 600 r/min for 40 h.Even at a high current density of 2 A·g^(–1) over 200 cycles,the capacity remains 314.52 mAh·g^(–1) with a retention rate of 66.6%.In conclusion,this work successfully prepares GeP_(3)/KB anode-carbon composite for electrodes by high-energy ball milling,which can restrict electrode volume expansion,enhance capacity,and improve cycle stability of SIBs.
