Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)have been widely used in China as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances,the production and use of which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.China is a major consumer of HFCs a...Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)have been widely used in China as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances,the production and use of which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.China is a major consumer of HFCs around the world,with its HFC emissions in CO2-equivalent contributing to about 18%of the global emissions for the period2012-16.Three methods are widely used to estimate the emissions of HFCs-namely,the bottom-up method,top-down method and tracer ratio method.In this study,the tracer ratio method was adopted to estimate HFC emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),using CO as a tracer.The YRD region might make a significant contribution to Chinese totals owing to its rapid economic growth.Weekly flask measurements for ten HFCs(HFC-23,HFC-32,HFC-125,HFC-134 a,HFC-143 a,HFC-152 a,HFC-227 ea,HFC-236 fa,HFC-245 fa and HFC-365 mfc)were conducted at Lin’an Regional Background Station in the YRD over the period 2012-16,and the HFC emissions were 2.4±1.4 Gg yr-1 for HFC-23,2.8±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-32,2.2±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-125,4.8±4.8 Gg yr-1 for HFC-134 a,0.9±0.6 Gg yr-1 for HFC-152 a,0.3±0.3 Gg yr-1 for HFC-227 ea and 0.3±0.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-245 fa.The YRD total HFC emissions reached 53 Gg CO2-e yr-1,contributing 34%of the national total.The per capita HFC CO2-equivalent emissions rate was 240 kg yr-1,while the values of per unit area emissions and per million GDP emissions reached 150 Mg km-2yr-1 and 3500 kg yr-1(million CNY GDP)-1,which were much higher than national or global levels.展开更多
In the original version of this article,the unit of the YRD total HFC emissions“Gg CO2-e yr^−1”in the abstract should be Tg CO2-e yr^−1.On Page 581,in the fifth line from the left bottom,the unit of the total CO2-eq...In the original version of this article,the unit of the YRD total HFC emissions“Gg CO2-e yr^−1”in the abstract should be Tg CO2-e yr^−1.On Page 581,in the fifth line from the left bottom,the unit of the total CO2-equivalent emissions of HFCs“Gg yr^−1”should be Tg yr^−1.展开更多
传统压电陶瓷超声传感器与电缆表面之间存在声学界面不匹配问题,而柔性压电超声传感器能够克服这一缺点、实现电缆局部放电超声信号的检测。然而持续提高柔性压电超声传感器的灵敏度,进一步降低其对超声信号的检出极限,是其走向实际应...传统压电陶瓷超声传感器与电缆表面之间存在声学界面不匹配问题,而柔性压电超声传感器能够克服这一缺点、实现电缆局部放电超声信号的检测。然而持续提高柔性压电超声传感器的灵敏度,进一步降低其对超声信号的检出极限,是其走向实际应用的关键。为实现这一目标,该文从柔性压电超声传感器的核心敏感材料(压电薄膜)的优化设计出发,研究了厚度对Pb(Zr_(0.52),Ti_(0.48))O_(3)(PZT)压电薄膜材料综合性能及其所制备的传感器灵敏度的影响。研究发现,受界面死层的影响,厚度约为1.2μm的PZT压电薄膜相较于厚度约为0.8μm、1.0μm和1.6μm的薄膜具有更大比例的(100)晶粒择优取向和更高的剩余极化,表现出最高的压电系数,更具备应用潜力。利用该厚度的PZT压电薄膜制备了柔性压电超声传感器,并用其检测在110 k V真型电缆上传播的由自动笔铅芯断裂产生的超声信号,计算得到该超声信号在交联聚乙烯绝缘层中的衰减系数为3.74 dB/m。该研究提供了一种利用压电薄膜厚度优化柔性压电超声传感器灵敏度的方法,为进一步推进柔性压电超声传感器在电缆等电力设备领域的应用提供了实验和理论基础。展开更多
旨在运用CIPP(Context,Input,Process and Product)模型对广州大学不动产管理(慕课)课程进行全面、系统的评价。通过对学生学习数据、课程内容、教学方式等多方面的分析,探讨了该课程的优势与不足,并提出了针对性的改进建议。研究结果显...旨在运用CIPP(Context,Input,Process and Product)模型对广州大学不动产管理(慕课)课程进行全面、系统的评价。通过对学生学习数据、课程内容、教学方式等多方面的分析,探讨了该课程的优势与不足,并提出了针对性的改进建议。研究结果显示,CIPP模型能够有效地帮助识别课程评价中的关键因素,为课程质量的持续提升提供有力支持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41575114 and 41730103)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LY19D050002)the Meteorological Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2019ZD12)。
文摘Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs)have been widely used in China as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances,the production and use of which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol.China is a major consumer of HFCs around the world,with its HFC emissions in CO2-equivalent contributing to about 18%of the global emissions for the period2012-16.Three methods are widely used to estimate the emissions of HFCs-namely,the bottom-up method,top-down method and tracer ratio method.In this study,the tracer ratio method was adopted to estimate HFC emissions in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD),using CO as a tracer.The YRD region might make a significant contribution to Chinese totals owing to its rapid economic growth.Weekly flask measurements for ten HFCs(HFC-23,HFC-32,HFC-125,HFC-134 a,HFC-143 a,HFC-152 a,HFC-227 ea,HFC-236 fa,HFC-245 fa and HFC-365 mfc)were conducted at Lin’an Regional Background Station in the YRD over the period 2012-16,and the HFC emissions were 2.4±1.4 Gg yr-1 for HFC-23,2.8±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-32,2.2±1.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-125,4.8±4.8 Gg yr-1 for HFC-134 a,0.9±0.6 Gg yr-1 for HFC-152 a,0.3±0.3 Gg yr-1 for HFC-227 ea and 0.3±0.2 Gg yr-1 for HFC-245 fa.The YRD total HFC emissions reached 53 Gg CO2-e yr-1,contributing 34%of the national total.The per capita HFC CO2-equivalent emissions rate was 240 kg yr-1,while the values of per unit area emissions and per million GDP emissions reached 150 Mg km-2yr-1 and 3500 kg yr-1(million CNY GDP)-1,which were much higher than national or global levels.
文摘In the original version of this article,the unit of the YRD total HFC emissions“Gg CO2-e yr^−1”in the abstract should be Tg CO2-e yr^−1.On Page 581,in the fifth line from the left bottom,the unit of the total CO2-equivalent emissions of HFCs“Gg yr^−1”should be Tg yr^−1.
文摘传统压电陶瓷超声传感器与电缆表面之间存在声学界面不匹配问题,而柔性压电超声传感器能够克服这一缺点、实现电缆局部放电超声信号的检测。然而持续提高柔性压电超声传感器的灵敏度,进一步降低其对超声信号的检出极限,是其走向实际应用的关键。为实现这一目标,该文从柔性压电超声传感器的核心敏感材料(压电薄膜)的优化设计出发,研究了厚度对Pb(Zr_(0.52),Ti_(0.48))O_(3)(PZT)压电薄膜材料综合性能及其所制备的传感器灵敏度的影响。研究发现,受界面死层的影响,厚度约为1.2μm的PZT压电薄膜相较于厚度约为0.8μm、1.0μm和1.6μm的薄膜具有更大比例的(100)晶粒择优取向和更高的剩余极化,表现出最高的压电系数,更具备应用潜力。利用该厚度的PZT压电薄膜制备了柔性压电超声传感器,并用其检测在110 k V真型电缆上传播的由自动笔铅芯断裂产生的超声信号,计算得到该超声信号在交联聚乙烯绝缘层中的衰减系数为3.74 dB/m。该研究提供了一种利用压电薄膜厚度优化柔性压电超声传感器灵敏度的方法,为进一步推进柔性压电超声传感器在电缆等电力设备领域的应用提供了实验和理论基础。
文摘旨在运用CIPP(Context,Input,Process and Product)模型对广州大学不动产管理(慕课)课程进行全面、系统的评价。通过对学生学习数据、课程内容、教学方式等多方面的分析,探讨了该课程的优势与不足,并提出了针对性的改进建议。研究结果显示,CIPP模型能够有效地帮助识别课程评价中的关键因素,为课程质量的持续提升提供有力支持。
