Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-moly...Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-molybdenum particles(MoNPs)on Cd accumulation and growth rates in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings demonstrate that MoNPs application effectively alleviates Cd-induced root growth suppression and reduces Cd deposition in root cell walls,through MoNPs-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced elevation of pectin content.Through cross-sectional analysis combined with ROS-specific fluorescent probes revealed a spatial pattern of Cd-induced H_(2)O_(2)accumulation,with strongest signals observed in the apoplastic regions of root elongation and maturation zones,with minimal accumulation in meristematic regions.This oxidative burst was significantly mitigated by MoNPs treatment,which enhanced plasma membrane(PM)-localized respiratory burst oxidase homolog(RBOH)activity via transcriptional upregulation of OsRBOH genes.Furthermore,foliar MoNPs application activated the ascorbate–glutathione(ASA-GSH)cycle through selective upregulation of OsAPXs and OsGRs,enhancing cellular capacity for H_(2)O_(2)detoxification.These coordinated mechanisms collectively suggest that MoNPs treatment offers dual protection against Cd toxicity by 1)reducing Cd bioavailability in plant tissues and 2)counteracting Cd-induced oxidative damage,thereby effectively ameliorating root growth inhibition under Cd stress.展开更多
Cherts in the Zhongba melange of the western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone(YZSZ) contain well preserved radiolarian assemblages. These radiolarian assemblages indicate that the Zhongba melange has middle Jurassic-early C...Cherts in the Zhongba melange of the western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone(YZSZ) contain well preserved radiolarian assemblages. These radiolarian assemblages indicate that the Zhongba melange has middle Jurassic-early Cretaceous remnant, are coeval with those from the central and eastern parts of the YZSZ. Cherts from the Najiu area yield Aalenian to Aptian radiolarians, while cherts interbedded with siliceous mudstones from the Bielongjiala area yield Aptian radiolarians, indicating that terrigenousderived sediments were deposited during early Aptian. The above observations indicate that the entire YZSZ have a similar geochronological framework and thus they underwent similar geological evolution:(1) during the Jurassic, the Neo-Tethys was a wide ocean with pelagic sediments distal from continents;(2) during the Cretaceous(around 130-120 Ma), the Neo-Tethys started to subduct along the southern margin of the Lhasa block, and terrigenous-derived siliceous mudstone began deposition.展开更多
Polypyrrole‐modified graphitic carbon nitride composites(PPy/g‐C3N4)are fabricated using an in‐situ polymerization method to improve the visible light photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4.The PPy/g‐C3N4 is applied t...Polypyrrole‐modified graphitic carbon nitride composites(PPy/g‐C3N4)are fabricated using an in‐situ polymerization method to improve the visible light photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4.The PPy/g‐C3N4 is applied to the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)under visible light irradiation.Various characterization techniques are employed to investigate the relationship between the structural properties and photoactivities of the as‐prepared composites.Results show that the specific surface area of the PPy/g‐C3N4 composites increases upon assembly of the amorphous PPy nanoparticles on the g‐C3N4 surface.Owing to the strong conductivity,the PPy can be used as a transition channel for electrons to move onto the g‐C3N4 surface,thus inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers of g‐C3N4 and improving the photocatalytic performance.The elevated light adsorption of PPy/g‐C3N4 composites is attributed to the strong absorption coefficient of PPy.The composite containing 0.75 wt%PPy exhibits a photocatalytic efficiency that is 3 times higher than that of g‐C3N4 in 2 h.Moreover,the degradation kinetics follow a pseudo‐first‐order model.A detailed photocatalytic mechanism is proposed with·OH and·O2-radicals as the main reactive species.The present work provides new insights into the mechanistic understanding of PPy in PPy/g‐C3N4 composites for environmental applications.展开更多
In this research,one hundred and ten samples(ten sampling localities)were drilled by a portable petrol-driven drill in the Tongtianhe area along the highway where developes Yaxicuo Group,Oligocene.Complete demagnetiza...In this research,one hundred and ten samples(ten sampling localities)were drilled by a portable petrol-driven drill in the Tongtianhe area along the highway where developes Yaxicuo Group,Oligocene.Complete demagnetization were finished in University of California,Santa Cruz(UCSC).These remanence data were collected:Dg=334.2,Ig=52.3,α<sub>95</sub>=7.1,k=7.3(before structural correction);Ds=27.2,Is=66.6,α<sub>95</sub>=7.3,k=7.0(after structural correction).展开更多
In this study,hydrogels were prepared from municipal sludge to recycle and realize the value-added utilization of the carbon components in this abundant waste material.The carbon sources were extracted from the munici...In this study,hydrogels were prepared from municipal sludge to recycle and realize the value-added utilization of the carbon components in this abundant waste material.The carbon sources were extracted from the municipal sludge using synthesised nano CaO_(2)as an oxidant,and the carbon sources were graft copolymerised with acrylic acid monomer using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator.The factors influencing the hydrogel preparation were investigated by single-factor experiments.Based on the results of the single-factor experiments,a hydrogel with a swelling ratio of up to 19768.4%at 12 h was prepared with an oxidant dosage of 0.20 g,a monomer dosage of 5.8 g,a neutralisation degree of the monomer of 70%,an initiator dosage of 0.15 g,and a crosslinking agent dosage of 0.15 g.The hydrogel preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface method,and the interactions between the different reaction conditions were analysed to obtain the best preparation conditions.X-ray diffraction results showed that hydrogels were amorphous in structure.Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the SiO_(2)particles from the sludge acted as crosslinking points between different layers of hydrogel chains.The crosslinking polymerisation and crosslinking agent worked together to form hydrogels with an inorganic-organic double network structure,and this structure was highly stretchable,resulting in hydrogels with good swelling properties.展开更多
The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/so...The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate sludge hydrogel was devised by integrating municipal sludge with acrylic acid monomers,ammonium persulphate initiator,N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent,reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate through free radical cross-linking polymerization.The hydrogel’s optimal formulation was identified by adjusting the monomer,crosslinking agent,and initiator dosage while assessing its swelling behavior across various pH environments.Results revealed excellent swelling capacity,notably exhibiting a remarkable swelling capacity of up to 7265.64% at pH 11.0,suggesting the hydrogel’s potential in environmental remediation and innovative material design.This research presents a pioneering approach to harnessing municipal sludge and developing intelligent hydrogels,fostering sustainable resource management.展开更多
Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 car...Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.展开更多
The thermodynamic properties of Ta metal under high pressure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. For dislocation-free Ta crystal, all the thermodynamic properties considered are in good agreement with the re...The thermodynamic properties of Ta metal under high pressure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. For dislocation-free Ta crystal, all the thermodynamic properties considered are in good agreement with the results from exper- iments or higher level calculations. If dislocations are included in the Ta crystal, it is found that as the dislocation density increases, the hydrostatic pressure at the phase transition point of bcc-＋hcp and hcp--＋fcc decreases, while the Hugoniot temperature increases. Meanwhile, the impact pressure at the elastic-plastic transition point is found to depend on the crys- tallographic orientation of the pressure. As the dislocation density increases, the pressure of the elastic-plastic transition point decreases rapidly at the initial stage, then gradually decreases with the increase of the dislocation density.展开更多
Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been extensively researched due to their significant energy-saving benefits.Hardware implementations of ANN with dropout function would be able to avoid the overfitting problem. Th...Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been extensively researched due to their significant energy-saving benefits.Hardware implementations of ANN with dropout function would be able to avoid the overfitting problem. This letter reports a dropout neuronal unit(1R1T-DNU) based on one memristor–one electrolyte-gated transistor with an ultralow energy consumption of 25 p J/spike. A dropout neural network is constructed based on such a device and has been verified by MNIST dataset, demonstrating high recognition accuracies(> 90%) within a large range of dropout probabilities up to40%. The running time can be reduced by increasing dropout probability without a significant loss in accuracy. Our results indicate the great potential of introducing such 1R1T-DNUs in full-hardware neural networks to enhance energy efficiency and to solve the overfitting problem.展开更多
To achieve optimal recovery and value-added utilisation of cellulose in peanut shells,the cellulose in peanut shells was first extracted using the sodium hydroxide-sodium chlorite method.Then,cellulose hydrogel was pr...To achieve optimal recovery and value-added utilisation of cellulose in peanut shells,the cellulose in peanut shells was first extracted using the sodium hydroxide-sodium chlorite method.Then,cellulose hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerisation using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent,sodium persulfate as the initiator,and acrylic acid as the monomer.Orthogonal optimisation experiments were designed to obtain optimal process parameters for hydrogel preparation with the cellulose dosage of 0.40 g,initiator dosage of 0.20 g,polymerisation temperature of 70°C,cross-linking agent of 0.25 g,and monomer dosage of 3.0 mL.The effect of initiator dosage on hydrogel synthesis was the most significant,followed by monomer dosage and reaction temperature.Characterisation using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogel was amorphous and exhibited a distinct three-dimensional double network structure.Hydrogel swelling kinetic analysis showed that the hydrogel swelling process was divided into three stages,and fitted the Schott secondary swelling kinetic model.The prepared hydrogel had a good adsorption effect on methylene blue;the adsorption of methylene blue by the hydrogel was 1.259 mg/g at 25°C when the initial concentration of methylene blue was 5 mg/L.The adsorption kinetics of the hydrogel fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model,pseudo-secondorder kinetic model,Eovich model and particle diffusion model.The best fitting effect was obtained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption isotherm analysis of methylene blue on hydrogel showed that the adsorption process was consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich models.The correlation coefficient of the Freundlich isotherm model was higher,indicating that the adsorption of methylene blue on hydrogel was mainly chemisorption.展开更多
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction plays a pivotal role in providing insights into the uplift history of the Xizang Plateau during the Cenozoic.The Nima Basin,situated in the central Xizang Plateau,is crucial for study...Paleoenvironmental reconstruction plays a pivotal role in providing insights into the uplift history of the Xizang Plateau during the Cenozoic.The Nima Basin,situated in the central Xizang Plateau,is crucial for studying the tectonic and geomorphic evolution of this region.The clastic composition and geochemical characteristics of the Niubao Formation hold considerable potential for unravelling the geological history and reconstructing depositional environments of central Xizang in the early Cenozoic.In this study,we present detailed geochemical characteristics to determine their provenance,paleoenvironmental conditions,and tectonic origins.The index of compositional variability(ICV>1)of mudstones indicates that low compositional maturity sediments underwent weak sedimentary recycling.The chemical index of alteration(CIA:59.8−72.9)reveals that parental rocks experienced a moderate chemical weathering degree.The paleoclimate indicators of the mudstones suggest an oxidizing and arid depositional environment,with a mean annual temperature(MAT)of 11.64℃±4.19℃.The geochemical evidence also demonstrates that the mudstones were derived from mixed felsic and intermediate igneous rocks that formed in a dominantly continental island arc tectonic setting.Similarities in the geochemical characteristics among the Niubao Formation and surrounding igneous rocks indicate that a continental-scale drainage system once drained westward in central Xizang.It is concluded that the central plateau experienced a cooler and drier climate coinciding with the presence of a large-scale drainage system during the late Eocene.展开更多
Soil salinity,a serious threat to global agriculture,affects∼77 million hectares of farmland and is exacerbated by climate change,particularly global warming[1-3].Therefore,developing salt-tolerant crop cultivars is ...Soil salinity,a serious threat to global agriculture,affects∼77 million hectares of farmland and is exacerbated by climate change,particularly global warming[1-3].Therefore,developing salt-tolerant crop cultivars is crucial for ensuring global food security.However,the genetic networks governing plant adaptation to salt stress,including osmotic regulation,ion homeostasis,oxidative stress mitigation,and developmental reprogramming,remain unclear[1,2]and thus require comprehensive analysis.展开更多
A waveguide grating antenna(WGA)is an important component in optical phased array(OPA)systems featured by all-solid-state configurations for 3D imaging.The high-performance WGAs with dual polarization,easy fabrication...A waveguide grating antenna(WGA)is an important component in optical phased array(OPA)systems featured by all-solid-state configurations for 3D imaging.The high-performance WGAs with dual polarization,easy fabrication,high radiation efficiency,and high angular resolution are desired for OPAs.This paper presents,to our knowledge,a novel polarization-insensitive WGA design capable of supporting both TE and TM modes,featuring a critical feature size exceeding 250 nm.The designed device demonstrates that this grating antenna exhibits similar upward radiation efficiencies(~85% for TE and ~80% for TM)and radiation angles at a wavelength of 1550 nm.The experimental results show that grating antenna perturbation strength can be achieved at less than 4.8×10^(-4)/μm for both polarizations.The measured beam divergences are 0.01°(TE)and 0.0101°(TM),with a wavelength scanning sensitivity of 0.123 deg/nm.The proposed polarization-insensitive WGA with high performance is compatible with the 3μm commercial platform and an OPA system based on the designed WGA has been designed and simulated.展开更多
One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hyp...One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid(CPFL)into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity.This work included 68 piglets,which were randomized into probiotic and control groups.Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0,3,7,14,and 21 days of age.Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment,increased piglets’daily weight gain and weaning weight(P<0.001),and modulated piglets’serum cytokine levels(increases in Ig A,Ig G,and IL-10;decrease in IFN-γ;P<0.05 in each case)in piglets.Additionally,spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets’gut microbiota structure and diversity,increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria(such as Bacteroides uniformis,Butyricimonas virosa,Parabacteroides distasonis,and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens)and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Interestingly,CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins(B2,B3,B6,and E),medium/long-chain fatty acids(caproic,tetradecanoic,and peptadecanoic acids),and dicarboxylic acids(azelaic and sebacic acids).Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets’growth performance and immunity,and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism.Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.展开更多
In June 2023,researchers at the Aerospace Information Research Institute(AIR)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences undertook a series of experiments on satellite-to-ground laser communication using the Jilin-1 MF02A04(JL...In June 2023,researchers at the Aerospace Information Research Institute(AIR)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences undertook a series of experiments on satellite-to-ground laser communication using the Jilin-1 MF02A04(JLMF)satellite and independently developed a 500 mm optical communication ground station(AIROSG),achieving a successful throughput of 10 gigabits per second(Gbps)in the satellite-to-ground optical link.The obtained satellite payload data demonstrated good performance and satisfied the requirements of high-standard scientific applications.展开更多
As integral components of fermented foods,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have long been recognized for their pivotal role in human dietary culture and their association with numerous health benefits[1-3].However,understandi...As integral components of fermented foods,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have long been recognized for their pivotal role in human dietary culture and their association with numerous health benefits[1-3].However,understanding the functional and health potential of food-derived LAB(FLAB)has remained elusive due to the lack of extensive genomic dataset.展开更多
Yogurt is a well-established health food,known for lowering serum cholesterol,promoting gut health,reducing cancer risk,boosting immunity,and easing cognitive impairment[1].It also benefits gastrointestinal disorders ...Yogurt is a well-established health food,known for lowering serum cholesterol,promoting gut health,reducing cancer risk,boosting immunity,and easing cognitive impairment[1].It also benefits gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,and diarrhea[2,3],while probiotic variants enhance immunity,curb allergies,lower cancer risk,and improve mood,potentially reducing depression and anxiety[4-6].展开更多
Previous studies have shown that oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs were used as adjuvants for immunoregulation and immune response. This study was to explore the activation effects of Bifidobact...Previous studies have shown that oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs were used as adjuvants for immunoregulation and immune response. This study was to explore the activation effects of Bifidobacteria DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs （CpG DNA） on murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. The genomic DNA of Bifidobacteria was extracted and purified, and the methylation degree of CpG motifs was tested. The phagocytic ability of the macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. The cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α） levels in the culture supernatants of Bifidobacteria DNA treated J774A.1 cells were assayed by ELISA. The content of nitric oxide （NO） was detected by Griess reagent. After treated with Bifidobacteria DNA for 24h, Nile Red stain increased in J774A.1 macrophage, which suggested that the lipid metabolism increased in the macrophages. The phagocytic ability and levels of NO and cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α were significantly higher than PBS group and CT DNA group. The results indicated that Bifidobacteria DNA could activate murine macrophages J774A.1, which could provide scientific basis for the research and application of microorganism DNA preparation. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）：473-478.展开更多
Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].Th...Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].They are well-known for their ability to produce lactic acid and are thus widely used in the production of fermented foods and beverages,such as yogurt,cheese,and sauerkraut[3].Two of the most prominent and well-studied orders within the LAB group are Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales.展开更多
Insulators are essential equipment to ensure the safety and reliability of power transmission systems. Defective insulators may cause partial discharge and even lead to serious safety accidents. Hence it is necessary ...Insulators are essential equipment to ensure the safety and reliability of power transmission systems. Defective insulators may cause partial discharge and even lead to serious safety accidents. Hence it is necessary to accurately identify the defective insulator from a string of insulators. However, small defect poses significant challenges for recognizing the defective insulator from a large number of insulators. To address these issues, we collect and annotate the randomly generated defect dataset (RGDD). Further, the discriminative feature learning-based detector (DFLD) is constructed based on the pattern of backbone-neck-head. Specifically, considering the simultaneous existence of many insulators, attention-based bidirectional feature pyramid (ABFP) is designed to capture the discriminative information. Considering the small size of defective part, the efficient receptive field adaptation (ERFA) module is constructed to enhance the perception of contextual information related to defective insulators. Meanwhile, the two-stage detection head is designed to correct the location of defective insulators. It also adapts to the shape variation of insulators by the deformable convolution. On this basis, the keypoints method is introduced to more accurately represent the location of defective insulators. Due to the imbalance between positive and negative samples, the Adaptive Threshold Sample Assignment (ATSA) Strategy is proposed for selecting the best positive samples. DFLD has achieved good detection performance compared with classical object detection networks on the RGDD dataset and CPLID dataset. The ablation experiments are conducted on the RGDD dataset. It is verified that the discriminative features from DFLD can effectively recognize the small defect from insulators.展开更多
基金funding support,including the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2421108,42377042,32402672)the Basic and Applied Research Foundation of Guangdong province(2023A1515110151,2024A1515140040)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024 M750949)the Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Fund of Guangdong province(pdjh2024a390).
文摘Cadmium(Cd^(2+))exhibits pronounced phytotoxicity and poses significant risks to human health through bioaccumulation in agricultural products.This study investigates the mitigative effects of foliar-applied nano-molybdenum particles(MoNPs)on Cd accumulation and growth rates in rice(Oryza sativa).Our findings demonstrate that MoNPs application effectively alleviates Cd-induced root growth suppression and reduces Cd deposition in root cell walls,through MoNPs-mediated attenuation of Cd-induced elevation of pectin content.Through cross-sectional analysis combined with ROS-specific fluorescent probes revealed a spatial pattern of Cd-induced H_(2)O_(2)accumulation,with strongest signals observed in the apoplastic regions of root elongation and maturation zones,with minimal accumulation in meristematic regions.This oxidative burst was significantly mitigated by MoNPs treatment,which enhanced plasma membrane(PM)-localized respiratory burst oxidase homolog(RBOH)activity via transcriptional upregulation of OsRBOH genes.Furthermore,foliar MoNPs application activated the ascorbate–glutathione(ASA-GSH)cycle through selective upregulation of OsAPXs and OsGRs,enhancing cellular capacity for H_(2)O_(2)detoxification.These coordinated mechanisms collectively suggest that MoNPs treatment offers dual protection against Cd toxicity by 1)reducing Cd bioavailability in plant tissues and 2)counteracting Cd-induced oxidative damage,thereby effectively ameliorating root growth inhibition under Cd stress.
基金supported by the Research Center for Tibetan Plateau Geology, China Geological Survey(201401)Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 292016004)China Geological Survey(Grant Nos. 12112011086037 and 1212011221072)
文摘Cherts in the Zhongba melange of the western Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone(YZSZ) contain well preserved radiolarian assemblages. These radiolarian assemblages indicate that the Zhongba melange has middle Jurassic-early Cretaceous remnant, are coeval with those from the central and eastern parts of the YZSZ. Cherts from the Najiu area yield Aalenian to Aptian radiolarians, while cherts interbedded with siliceous mudstones from the Bielongjiala area yield Aptian radiolarians, indicating that terrigenousderived sediments were deposited during early Aptian. The above observations indicate that the entire YZSZ have a similar geochronological framework and thus they underwent similar geological evolution:(1) during the Jurassic, the Neo-Tethys was a wide ocean with pelagic sediments distal from continents;(2) during the Cretaceous(around 130-120 Ma), the Neo-Tethys started to subduct along the southern margin of the Lhasa block, and terrigenous-derived siliceous mudstone began deposition.
文摘Polypyrrole‐modified graphitic carbon nitride composites(PPy/g‐C3N4)are fabricated using an in‐situ polymerization method to improve the visible light photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4.The PPy/g‐C3N4 is applied to the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue(MB)under visible light irradiation.Various characterization techniques are employed to investigate the relationship between the structural properties and photoactivities of the as‐prepared composites.Results show that the specific surface area of the PPy/g‐C3N4 composites increases upon assembly of the amorphous PPy nanoparticles on the g‐C3N4 surface.Owing to the strong conductivity,the PPy can be used as a transition channel for electrons to move onto the g‐C3N4 surface,thus inhibiting the recombination of photogenerated carriers of g‐C3N4 and improving the photocatalytic performance.The elevated light adsorption of PPy/g‐C3N4 composites is attributed to the strong absorption coefficient of PPy.The composite containing 0.75 wt%PPy exhibits a photocatalytic efficiency that is 3 times higher than that of g‐C3N4 in 2 h.Moreover,the degradation kinetics follow a pseudo‐first‐order model.A detailed photocatalytic mechanism is proposed with·OH and·O2-radicals as the main reactive species.The present work provides new insights into the mechanistic understanding of PPy in PPy/g‐C3N4 composites for environmental applications.
文摘In this research,one hundred and ten samples(ten sampling localities)were drilled by a portable petrol-driven drill in the Tongtianhe area along the highway where developes Yaxicuo Group,Oligocene.Complete demagnetization were finished in University of California,Santa Cruz(UCSC).These remanence data were collected:Dg=334.2,Ig=52.3,α<sub>95</sub>=7.1,k=7.3(before structural correction);Ds=27.2,Is=66.6,α<sub>95</sub>=7.3,k=7.0(after structural correction).
基金support from the National Visiting Scholar Program for Key Young Teachers of Central and Western Universities,the Ministry of Education(19042)the Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(212102310064)the National Innovation and the Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,Ministry of Education(202111517002).
文摘In this study,hydrogels were prepared from municipal sludge to recycle and realize the value-added utilization of the carbon components in this abundant waste material.The carbon sources were extracted from the municipal sludge using synthesised nano CaO_(2)as an oxidant,and the carbon sources were graft copolymerised with acrylic acid monomer using N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and ammonium persulfate as an initiator.The factors influencing the hydrogel preparation were investigated by single-factor experiments.Based on the results of the single-factor experiments,a hydrogel with a swelling ratio of up to 19768.4%at 12 h was prepared with an oxidant dosage of 0.20 g,a monomer dosage of 5.8 g,a neutralisation degree of the monomer of 70%,an initiator dosage of 0.15 g,and a crosslinking agent dosage of 0.15 g.The hydrogel preparation conditions were optimized using the response surface method,and the interactions between the different reaction conditions were analysed to obtain the best preparation conditions.X-ray diffraction results showed that hydrogels were amorphous in structure.Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the SiO_(2)particles from the sludge acted as crosslinking points between different layers of hydrogel chains.The crosslinking polymerisation and crosslinking agent worked together to form hydrogels with an inorganic-organic double network structure,and this structure was highly stretchable,resulting in hydrogels with good swelling properties.
基金the Hubei Provincial Key Scientific Research Project on Water Resources“Study on the Distribution and Characteristics of Sediment Siltation in the Key Waters of Zhanghe Reservoir(HBSLKY202302)”Wuhan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology 2023 Knowledge and Innovation Special Project,“Research on key technology for fine traceability of total phosphorus in urban lakes in Wuhan”(No.2023020201010119)+1 种基金the National Visiting Scholar Program for Key Young Teachers of Central and Western Universities,and the Ministry of Education(19042)Science and Technology Tackling Projects in Henan Province in 2025(Research on key technology for removing microdust from the surface of photovoltaic power generation panels by spray coating with high-efficiency hydrogel coatings prepared from multi-source solid wastes).
文摘The rapid urbanization underscores the urgency of efficient treatment and resource utilization of municipal sludge for environmental conservation.To address this,a novel pH-responsive dual network polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate sludge hydrogel was devised by integrating municipal sludge with acrylic acid monomers,ammonium persulphate initiator,N,N’-methylene bisacrylamide crosslinking agent,reinforced by polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate through free radical cross-linking polymerization.The hydrogel’s optimal formulation was identified by adjusting the monomer,crosslinking agent,and initiator dosage while assessing its swelling behavior across various pH environments.Results revealed excellent swelling capacity,notably exhibiting a remarkable swelling capacity of up to 7265.64% at pH 11.0,suggesting the hydrogel’s potential in environmental remediation and innovative material design.This research presents a pioneering approach to harnessing municipal sludge and developing intelligent hydrogels,fostering sustainable resource management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31720103911)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARAthe Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (2021ZD0014)
文摘Conventional filling therapy fails to fundamentally reduce oral cariogenic bacteria.Thus,oral microbiota follow-up intervention after filling would be necessary for improving dental caries prognosis.We recruited 9 caries-free individuals,and 89 dental caries subjects(5 dropouts).Eighty-nine patients were randomized into three groups:caries(n=8;no treatment),control(n=40;filling),and postbiotics(n=41;filling and 14-day Probio-Eco®intervention).Salivary samples were collected at 0 day(after filling)and 14 days.Our results showed that the diversity of dental caries oral microbiota was significantly increased compared with healthy subjects,and filling could restore a healthier oral microbiota partially and temporarily.Thepostbiotics intervention keeps a low alpha-diversity.Co-occurrence network analysis showed that a more stable oral microbiota structure after postbiotics intervention.Taxonomic and functional annotation of the microbiota revealed that postbiotics co-treatment significantly:increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and P.reactans,decreased the relative abundance of Prevotella shahii,and enriched the energy metabolism-related pathways.BugBase-predicted phenotypes inferred to an oral microbiota with decreased potential pathogenic bacteria and increased oxidative stress-tolerant bacteria after postbiotics intervention.Collectively,it suggested that postbiotics co-treatment could be a promising strategy that restores the oral microecological balance for dental caries.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51231002)the Basic Scientific Research Projects in Central Colleges and Universities(Grant No.2018ZD10)
文摘The thermodynamic properties of Ta metal under high pressure are studied by molecular dynamics simulation. For dislocation-free Ta crystal, all the thermodynamic properties considered are in good agreement with the results from exper- iments or higher level calculations. If dislocations are included in the Ta crystal, it is found that as the dislocation density increases, the hydrostatic pressure at the phase transition point of bcc-＋hcp and hcp--＋fcc decreases, while the Hugoniot temperature increases. Meanwhile, the impact pressure at the elastic-plastic transition point is found to depend on the crys- tallographic orientation of the pressure. As the dislocation density increases, the pressure of the elastic-plastic transition point decreases rapidly at the initial stage, then gradually decreases with the increase of the dislocation density.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFA1202600 and 2023YFE0208600)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62174082, 92364106, 61921005, 92364204, and 62074075)。
文摘Artificial neural networks(ANN) have been extensively researched due to their significant energy-saving benefits.Hardware implementations of ANN with dropout function would be able to avoid the overfitting problem. This letter reports a dropout neuronal unit(1R1T-DNU) based on one memristor–one electrolyte-gated transistor with an ultralow energy consumption of 25 p J/spike. A dropout neural network is constructed based on such a device and has been verified by MNIST dataset, demonstrating high recognition accuracies(> 90%) within a large range of dropout probabilities up to40%. The running time can be reduced by increasing dropout probability without a significant loss in accuracy. Our results indicate the great potential of introducing such 1R1T-DNUs in full-hardware neural networks to enhance energy efficiency and to solve the overfitting problem.
基金This study was supported by the National Visiting Scholar Program for Key Young Teachers of Central and Western Universities,the Ministry of Education(19042)the Key Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(212102310064)the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students,Ministry of Education(202111517002).
文摘To achieve optimal recovery and value-added utilisation of cellulose in peanut shells,the cellulose in peanut shells was first extracted using the sodium hydroxide-sodium chlorite method.Then,cellulose hydrogel was prepared by graft copolymerisation using N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent,sodium persulfate as the initiator,and acrylic acid as the monomer.Orthogonal optimisation experiments were designed to obtain optimal process parameters for hydrogel preparation with the cellulose dosage of 0.40 g,initiator dosage of 0.20 g,polymerisation temperature of 70°C,cross-linking agent of 0.25 g,and monomer dosage of 3.0 mL.The effect of initiator dosage on hydrogel synthesis was the most significant,followed by monomer dosage and reaction temperature.Characterisation using X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the hydrogel was amorphous and exhibited a distinct three-dimensional double network structure.Hydrogel swelling kinetic analysis showed that the hydrogel swelling process was divided into three stages,and fitted the Schott secondary swelling kinetic model.The prepared hydrogel had a good adsorption effect on methylene blue;the adsorption of methylene blue by the hydrogel was 1.259 mg/g at 25°C when the initial concentration of methylene blue was 5 mg/L.The adsorption kinetics of the hydrogel fit the pseudo-first-order kinetic model,pseudo-secondorder kinetic model,Eovich model and particle diffusion model.The best fitting effect was obtained with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The adsorption isotherm analysis of methylene blue on hydrogel showed that the adsorption process was consistent with Langmuir and Freundlich models.The correlation coefficient of the Freundlich isotherm model was higher,indicating that the adsorption of methylene blue on hydrogel was mainly chemisorption.
基金supported by the Second Xizang Plateau Scientific Expedition Program(No.2019QZKK0803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172113 and 41802124)+2 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.265202138)“Deep-time Digital Earth”Science and Technology Leading Talents Team Funds for the Central Universities for the Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth,China University of Geosciences(Beijing)(No.2652023001)Key Laboratory of Sedimentary Basin and Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Natural Resources of the PRC(No.cdcgs2018006).
文摘Paleoenvironmental reconstruction plays a pivotal role in providing insights into the uplift history of the Xizang Plateau during the Cenozoic.The Nima Basin,situated in the central Xizang Plateau,is crucial for studying the tectonic and geomorphic evolution of this region.The clastic composition and geochemical characteristics of the Niubao Formation hold considerable potential for unravelling the geological history and reconstructing depositional environments of central Xizang in the early Cenozoic.In this study,we present detailed geochemical characteristics to determine their provenance,paleoenvironmental conditions,and tectonic origins.The index of compositional variability(ICV>1)of mudstones indicates that low compositional maturity sediments underwent weak sedimentary recycling.The chemical index of alteration(CIA:59.8−72.9)reveals that parental rocks experienced a moderate chemical weathering degree.The paleoclimate indicators of the mudstones suggest an oxidizing and arid depositional environment,with a mean annual temperature(MAT)of 11.64℃±4.19℃.The geochemical evidence also demonstrates that the mudstones were derived from mixed felsic and intermediate igneous rocks that formed in a dominantly continental island arc tectonic setting.Similarities in the geochemical characteristics among the Niubao Formation and surrounding igneous rocks indicate that a continental-scale drainage system once drained westward in central Xizang.It is concluded that the central plateau experienced a cooler and drier climate coinciding with the presence of a large-scale drainage system during the late Eocene.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1001601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325037,32201718,and 32401756)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Innovation Talents Support Program(BX20240420)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T171011 and 2023M743817).
文摘Soil salinity,a serious threat to global agriculture,affects∼77 million hectares of farmland and is exacerbated by climate change,particularly global warming[1-3].Therefore,developing salt-tolerant crop cultivars is crucial for ensuring global food security.However,the genetic networks governing plant adaptation to salt stress,including osmotic regulation,ion homeostasis,oxidative stress mitigation,and developmental reprogramming,remain unclear[1,2]and thus require comprehensive analysis.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2805002)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62275259,62341509)+2 种基金Autonomous Deployment Project of State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits(SKLJC-X2024-B05)Explorer Program of Shanghai(24TS1400600)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-056)。
文摘A waveguide grating antenna(WGA)is an important component in optical phased array(OPA)systems featured by all-solid-state configurations for 3D imaging.The high-performance WGAs with dual polarization,easy fabrication,high radiation efficiency,and high angular resolution are desired for OPAs.This paper presents,to our knowledge,a novel polarization-insensitive WGA design capable of supporting both TE and TM modes,featuring a critical feature size exceeding 250 nm.The designed device demonstrates that this grating antenna exhibits similar upward radiation efficiencies(~85% for TE and ~80% for TM)and radiation angles at a wavelength of 1550 nm.The experimental results show that grating antenna perturbation strength can be achieved at less than 4.8×10^(-4)/μm for both polarizations.The measured beam divergences are 0.01°(TE)and 0.0101°(TM),with a wavelength scanning sensitivity of 0.123 deg/nm.The proposed polarization-insensitive WGA with high performance is compatible with the 3μm commercial platform and an OPA system based on the designed WGA has been designed and simulated.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for CARS-36the Science and Technology Major Projects of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2021ZD0014)。
文摘One factor that shapes the establishment of early neonatal intestinal microbiota is environmental microbial exposure,and probiotic application has been shown to promote health and growth of piglets.Thus,this study hypothesized that environmental probiotic application in early days of life would be beneficial to newborn piglets.This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying a compound probiotic fermented liquid(CPFL)into the living environment of piglets on their early growth performance and immunity.This work included 68 piglets,which were randomized into probiotic and control groups.Blood and fecal samples were collected at 0,3,7,14,and 21 days of age.Spraying CPFL significantly reshaped the microbiota composition of the delivery room environment,increased piglets’daily weight gain and weaning weight(P<0.001),and modulated piglets’serum cytokine levels(increases in Ig A,Ig G,and IL-10;decrease in IFN-γ;P<0.05 in each case)in piglets.Additionally,spraying CPFL during early days of life modified piglets’gut microbiota structure and diversity,increased the abundance of some potentially beneficial bacteria(such as Bacteroides uniformis,Butyricimonas virosa,Parabacteroides distasonis,and Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens)and decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli(P<0.05).Interestingly,CPFL application also significantly enhanced the gut microbial bioactive potential and levels of several serum metabolites involved in the metabolism of vitamins(B2,B3,B6,and E),medium/long-chain fatty acids(caproic,tetradecanoic,and peptadecanoic acids),and dicarboxylic acids(azelaic and sebacic acids).Our study demonstrated that spraying CPFL significantly could improve piglets’growth performance and immunity,and the beneficial effects are associated with changes in the gut microbiota and host metabolism.Our study has provided novel data for future development of probiotic-based health-promoting strategies and expanded our knowledge of probiotic application in animal husbandry.
文摘In June 2023,researchers at the Aerospace Information Research Institute(AIR)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences undertook a series of experiments on satellite-to-ground laser communication using the Jilin-1 MF02A04(JLMF)satellite and independently developed a 500 mm optical communication ground station(AIROSG),achieving a successful throughput of 10 gigabits per second(Gbps)in the satellite-to-ground optical link.The obtained satellite payload data demonstrated good performance and satisfied the requirements of high-standard scientific applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20540,U23A20260,and 32325040)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2100700)+4 种基金Fundamental Research Funds of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(BR221203)earmarked fund for CARS36Inner Mongolia Key R&D Program for Achievement Transformation(2022YFSJ0017)National Collection of Microbial Resources for Feed(Nei Mongol)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20230162)。
文摘As integral components of fermented foods,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)have long been recognized for their pivotal role in human dietary culture and their association with numerous health benefits[1-3].However,understanding the functional and health potential of food-derived LAB(FLAB)has remained elusive due to the lack of extensive genomic dataset.
基金supported by the Nei Mongol Autonomous Region Science and Technology Leading Talent Team Project(2022LJRC0003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20540)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(BR221203)the earmarked fund(CARS36)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20230162)Novogene Co.,Ltd.for metagenomic sequencing support。
文摘Yogurt is a well-established health food,known for lowering serum cholesterol,promoting gut health,reducing cancer risk,boosting immunity,and easing cognitive impairment[1].It also benefits gastrointestinal disorders like irritable bowel syndrome,inflammatory bowel disease,and diarrhea[2,3],while probiotic variants enhance immunity,curb allergies,lower cancer risk,and improve mood,potentially reducing depression and anxiety[4-6].
文摘Previous studies have shown that oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs were used as adjuvants for immunoregulation and immune response. This study was to explore the activation effects of Bifidobacteria DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs （CpG DNA） on murine macrophage J774A.1 cells. The genomic DNA of Bifidobacteria was extracted and purified, and the methylation degree of CpG motifs was tested. The phagocytic ability of the macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. The cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α） levels in the culture supernatants of Bifidobacteria DNA treated J774A.1 cells were assayed by ELISA. The content of nitric oxide （NO） was detected by Griess reagent. After treated with Bifidobacteria DNA for 24h, Nile Red stain increased in J774A.1 macrophage, which suggested that the lipid metabolism increased in the macrophages. The phagocytic ability and levels of NO and cytokines of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α were significantly higher than PBS group and CT DNA group. The results indicated that Bifidobacteria DNA could activate murine macrophages J774A.1, which could provide scientific basis for the research and application of microorganism DNA preparation. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2005;2（6）：473-478.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2100702)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20540)+1 种基金the Inner Mongolia Science&Technology Planning Project(2022YFSJ0017)the Earmarked Fund for CARS36。
文摘Lactic acid bacteria(LAB)are a group of Gram-positive,facultative anaerobic bacteria that are widely distributed in nature and have important functions in various industrial,medical,and environmental processes[1,2].They are well-known for their ability to produce lactic acid and are thus widely used in the production of fermented foods and beverages,such as yogurt,cheese,and sauerkraut[3].Two of the most prominent and well-studied orders within the LAB group are Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(Research and application of audiovisual active perception and collaborative cognitive technology for smart grid operation and maintenance scenarios)(5600–202046347 A-0–0-00).
文摘Insulators are essential equipment to ensure the safety and reliability of power transmission systems. Defective insulators may cause partial discharge and even lead to serious safety accidents. Hence it is necessary to accurately identify the defective insulator from a string of insulators. However, small defect poses significant challenges for recognizing the defective insulator from a large number of insulators. To address these issues, we collect and annotate the randomly generated defect dataset (RGDD). Further, the discriminative feature learning-based detector (DFLD) is constructed based on the pattern of backbone-neck-head. Specifically, considering the simultaneous existence of many insulators, attention-based bidirectional feature pyramid (ABFP) is designed to capture the discriminative information. Considering the small size of defective part, the efficient receptive field adaptation (ERFA) module is constructed to enhance the perception of contextual information related to defective insulators. Meanwhile, the two-stage detection head is designed to correct the location of defective insulators. It also adapts to the shape variation of insulators by the deformable convolution. On this basis, the keypoints method is introduced to more accurately represent the location of defective insulators. Due to the imbalance between positive and negative samples, the Adaptive Threshold Sample Assignment (ATSA) Strategy is proposed for selecting the best positive samples. DFLD has achieved good detection performance compared with classical object detection networks on the RGDD dataset and CPLID dataset. The ablation experiments are conducted on the RGDD dataset. It is verified that the discriminative features from DFLD can effectively recognize the small defect from insulators.
