The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase co...The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.展开更多
Full understanding of the thermomechanical behaviors of materials at high strain rates and high temperatures are of great importance from not only scientific meaning but also practical value in engineering structure d...Full understanding of the thermomechanical behaviors of materials at high strain rates and high temperatures are of great importance from not only scientific meaning but also practical value in engineering structure design and safety assessment.Great efforts have been made for abilities of operation the split Hopkinson bars,the most popular technique for experimental determination of mechanical behaviors of materials over the strain rates from 10^2 to 10^4 s^−1 over the past 70 years,at high temperatures since 1960s.A review of experiment work is presented in this paper to give an overview of the development of experimental techniques at high temperatures based on Hopkinson bar systems.The principles of the split Hopkinson bar requires the loading bars avoiding temperature gradient or keeping relatively low temperature when performing high temperature testing.Techniques such as performing temperature gradient corrections,rapid heating or using special designed automatically assembled systems were proposed by researchers to enable the operation of the split Hopkinson bars at temperature as high as possible.Moreover,to the application of high speed photographic technique for capturing the dynamic deformation process of the specimen in high temperature Hopkinson bar testing,some key issues of eliminating the strong thermal radiation induced lights oversaturation and de-blurring of images due to insufficient exposure at high temperature and high strain rate condition,as well as fabrication of high contrast speckle pattern for high temperature digital image correlation measurement were also proposed.The technique can now enable the split Hopkinson bar testing to be performed at high temperature up to 1873 K under the loading conditions of compression or tension with the in situ observation and full field measurement of deformation as well.The paper concludes with summaries of the most important achievements and highlighting of the prospects,trends and remaining challenges for future research.展开更多
The physics of laser-plasma interaction is studied on the Shenguang III prototype laser facility under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion designs.A sub-millimeter-size underdense hot plasma is created ...The physics of laser-plasma interaction is studied on the Shenguang III prototype laser facility under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion designs.A sub-millimeter-size underdense hot plasma is created by ionization of a low-density plastic foam by four high-energy(3.2 kJ)laser beams.An interaction beam is fired with a delay permitting evaluation of the excitation of parametric instabilities at different stages of plasma evolution.Multiple diagnostics are used for plasma characterization,scattered radiation,and accelerated electrons.The experimental results are analyzed with radiation hydrodynamic simulations that take account of foam ionization and homogenization.The measured level of stimulated Raman scattering is almost one order of magnitude larger than that measured in experiments with gasbags and hohlraums on the same installation,possibly because of a greater plasma density.Notable amplification is achieved in high-intensity speckles,indicating the importance of implementing laser temporal smoothing techniques with a large bandwidth for controlling laser propagation and absorption.展开更多
CuCr25 alloys containing different Ni content were prepared by vacuum induction melting (VIM). The micro structure and properties were tested. The results show that with the increase of Ni content in CuCr25 alloys, th...CuCr25 alloys containing different Ni content were prepared by vacuum induction melting (VIM). The micro structure and properties were tested. The results show that with the increase of Ni content in CuCr25 alloys, the Cr phase changed from developed dendrite into nodular grains and was drastically refined; the electrical conductivity significantly decrease, but still reach the level of conventional CuCr50 when the Ni content is below 0.5%. The Ni content had little influence on their breakdown strength. The first breakdown sites transferred to the boundary of Cu and Cr phase for CuCr25Ni compared to the Cr phase for CuCr25 without Ni.展开更多
利用绝对地震定位方法(Hpyo2000)对青藏高原中部地区(32°N～36°N,90°E～93°E)于2016年6月至2017年6月期间发生的中小地震进行了重定位。与中国地震台网测定结果相比,定位后结果整体上更加聚集,水平位差距超过10km,...利用绝对地震定位方法(Hpyo2000)对青藏高原中部地区(32°N～36°N,90°E～93°E)于2016年6月至2017年6月期间发生的中小地震进行了重定位。与中国地震台网测定结果相比,定位后结果整体上更加聚集,水平位差距超过10km,深度上集中在0～8km范围内,这表明青藏高原内部上地壳构造活跃。2017年6月共发生8次3.0级以上地震,定位后的震中位置集中分布在格拉丹东附近。定位前后M<3.0的小地震的结果也显示明显的差异。为此,我们采用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演了M≥3.0地震的震源机制,结果显示其与地表构造性质较为吻合,青藏高原内部仍受到印度板块强烈的挤压作用。其中2017年6月格拉丹东附近发生的8次地震均为正断或走滑兼正断型,根据前人研究结果,猜测这是壳幔活动剧烈的地表响应。展开更多
Precipitation condition and nucleation of Ti2O3 during solidification of clean steel have been studied. The behavior of Ti2O3 during solidification as well as possibility of using Ti2O3 to refine as-cast grains as het...Precipitation condition and nucleation of Ti2O3 during solidification of clean steel have been studied. The behavior of Ti2O3 during solidification as well as possibility of using Ti2O3 to refine as-cast grains as heterogeneous nucleation sites is discussed. It is shown that Ti2O3 can be formed provided that the steelmaking and solidification process is controlled strictly. And inoculating clean steel with Ti2O3 is an effective way to refine as-cast grains.展开更多
Relaxor ferroelectrics have different properties from that of the normal ferroelectrics,such as dielectric properties with diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion,specific heat,birefringence,elastic constan...Relaxor ferroelectrics have different properties from that of the normal ferroelectrics,such as dielectric properties with diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion,specific heat,birefringence,elastic constants and Raman scattering,etc.It is considered that the different properties are related with the polar nanoregions in relaxors.In this work we briefly introduce how we use the high spatial resolution analytical electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy methods to investigate the polar nanoregion in Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)(PMN),Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)PbTiO_(3)(PMNPT)and Ba(Ti_(1-x)Sn_(x))O_(3)(BTSn).The main experimental results110 are as mentioned in next three parts.展开更多
基金financial support from National Key Research and Development Program of China [grant number 2016YFB1100203]Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province [grant numbers 20171BBE50022, 20151BBE51065]+1 种基金Scientific Research Special Funds of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences [grant numbers 2014-XTPH1-16, 2014-YYB16]Key Research Project of Jiangxi Academy of Sciences [grant number 2016-YZD2-01]
文摘The effects of atmosphere conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of stainless steel 17-4PH components fabricated by laser direct manufacturing (LDM) were investigated through mea-surements on phase constitution, porosity, tensile strength, fracture morphology, hardness and evolution of substrate temperature. Results showed that the samples produced in air atmosphere condition pos-sessed higher tensile strength and hardness for both as-deposited and heat-treated states than that in Ar chamber condition, due to dispersion strengthening effect of amorphous oxide particles and nitrogen solution strengthening as a result of higher content of oxygen and nitrogen. The temperature of substrate heat accumulation was higher in Ar chamber condition, leading to dramatically lower porosity and more reverse austenite, which also contributed to the lower strength and hardness.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11772268,11527803,11832015 and 11627901)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant 2017YFB1103500)the 111 Project(Grant BP0719007).The authors also thanks for Dr.Yinggang Miao for useful discussions.
文摘Full understanding of the thermomechanical behaviors of materials at high strain rates and high temperatures are of great importance from not only scientific meaning but also practical value in engineering structure design and safety assessment.Great efforts have been made for abilities of operation the split Hopkinson bars,the most popular technique for experimental determination of mechanical behaviors of materials over the strain rates from 10^2 to 10^4 s^−1 over the past 70 years,at high temperatures since 1960s.A review of experiment work is presented in this paper to give an overview of the development of experimental techniques at high temperatures based on Hopkinson bar systems.The principles of the split Hopkinson bar requires the loading bars avoiding temperature gradient or keeping relatively low temperature when performing high temperature testing.Techniques such as performing temperature gradient corrections,rapid heating or using special designed automatically assembled systems were proposed by researchers to enable the operation of the split Hopkinson bars at temperature as high as possible.Moreover,to the application of high speed photographic technique for capturing the dynamic deformation process of the specimen in high temperature Hopkinson bar testing,some key issues of eliminating the strong thermal radiation induced lights oversaturation and de-blurring of images due to insufficient exposure at high temperature and high strain rate condition,as well as fabrication of high contrast speckle pattern for high temperature digital image correlation measurement were also proposed.The technique can now enable the split Hopkinson bar testing to be performed at high temperature up to 1873 K under the loading conditions of compression or tension with the in situ observation and full field measurement of deformation as well.The paper concludes with summaries of the most important achievements and highlighting of the prospects,trends and remaining challenges for future research.
基金This project was partially supported by the Advanced Research Using High Intensity Laser Produced Photons and Particles(ADONIS)project(Grant No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000789)the CAAS project(Grant No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778)+3 种基金both from the European Regional Development FundThe results of the LQ1606 project were partially obtained with the financial support from the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports as part of targeted support from the National Programme of Sustainability IIThe authors acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11775033,11875241,11975215,11905204,12035002)the Laser Fusion Research Center Funds for Young Talents(Grant No.RCFPD3-2019-6).
文摘The physics of laser-plasma interaction is studied on the Shenguang III prototype laser facility under conditions relevant to inertial confinement fusion designs.A sub-millimeter-size underdense hot plasma is created by ionization of a low-density plastic foam by four high-energy(3.2 kJ)laser beams.An interaction beam is fired with a delay permitting evaluation of the excitation of parametric instabilities at different stages of plasma evolution.Multiple diagnostics are used for plasma characterization,scattered radiation,and accelerated electrons.The experimental results are analyzed with radiation hydrodynamic simulations that take account of foam ionization and homogenization.The measured level of stimulated Raman scattering is almost one order of magnitude larger than that measured in experiments with gasbags and hohlraums on the same installation,possibly because of a greater plasma density.Notable amplification is achieved in high-intensity speckles,indicating the importance of implementing laser temporal smoothing techniques with a large bandwidth for controlling laser propagation and absorption.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from "863" program (Grant No.200lAA320714 and 715-005-0160)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50071043 and 50271050). The authors also appreciate Prof. Y.X. Zhu, Z. Zheng and A.P.
文摘CuCr25 alloys containing different Ni content were prepared by vacuum induction melting (VIM). The micro structure and properties were tested. The results show that with the increase of Ni content in CuCr25 alloys, the Cr phase changed from developed dendrite into nodular grains and was drastically refined; the electrical conductivity significantly decrease, but still reach the level of conventional CuCr50 when the Ni content is below 0.5%. The Ni content had little influence on their breakdown strength. The first breakdown sites transferred to the boundary of Cu and Cr phase for CuCr25Ni compared to the Cr phase for CuCr25 without Ni.
文摘利用绝对地震定位方法(Hpyo2000)对青藏高原中部地区(32°N～36°N,90°E～93°E)于2016年6月至2017年6月期间发生的中小地震进行了重定位。与中国地震台网测定结果相比,定位后结果整体上更加聚集,水平位差距超过10km,深度上集中在0～8km范围内,这表明青藏高原内部上地壳构造活跃。2017年6月共发生8次3.0级以上地震,定位后的震中位置集中分布在格拉丹东附近。定位前后M<3.0的小地震的结果也显示明显的差异。为此,我们采用CAP(Cut and Paste)方法反演了M≥3.0地震的震源机制,结果显示其与地表构造性质较为吻合,青藏高原内部仍受到印度板块强烈的挤压作用。其中2017年6月格拉丹东附近发生的8次地震均为正断或走滑兼正断型,根据前人研究结果,猜测这是壳幔活动剧烈的地表响应。
基金Basic Research on New Generation Steel sponsored by National Key Basic Research and Development Programme of China(No.J1998061511-3).
文摘Precipitation condition and nucleation of Ti2O3 during solidification of clean steel have been studied. The behavior of Ti2O3 during solidification as well as possibility of using Ti2O3 to refine as-cast grains as heterogeneous nucleation sites is discussed. It is shown that Ti2O3 can be formed provided that the steelmaking and solidification process is controlled strictly. And inoculating clean steel with Ti2O3 is an effective way to refine as-cast grains.
文摘Relaxor ferroelectrics have different properties from that of the normal ferroelectrics,such as dielectric properties with diffuse phase transition and frequency dispersion,specific heat,birefringence,elastic constants and Raman scattering,etc.It is considered that the different properties are related with the polar nanoregions in relaxors.In this work we briefly introduce how we use the high spatial resolution analytical electron microscopy and high resolution electron microscopy methods to investigate the polar nanoregion in Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)(PMN),Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)PbTiO_(3)(PMNPT)and Ba(Ti_(1-x)Sn_(x))O_(3)(BTSn).The main experimental results110 are as mentioned in next three parts.
