Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cuta...Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cutaneous vasculopathy,and pulmonary inflammation.We sequenced a candidate gene,TMEM173,encoding the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),in this patient and in five unrelated children with similar clinical phenotypes.展开更多
Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology.However,...Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology.However,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.Fortunately,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering.In this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported.Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin films.In addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been obtained.The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.展开更多
Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cuta...Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cutaneous vasculopathy,and pulmonary inflammation.We sequenced a candidate gene,TMEM173,encoding the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),in this patient and in five unrelated children with similar clinical phenotypes.Four children were evaluated clinically and immunologically.With the STING ligand cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),we stimulated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts from patients and controls,as well as commercially obtained endothelial cells,and then assayed transcription of IFNB1,the gene encoding interferon-β,in the stimulated cells.We analyzed IFNB1 reporter levels in HEK293T cells cotransfected with mutant or nonmutant STING constructs.Mutant STING leads to increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1),so we tested the effect of Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitors on STAT1 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from the affected children and controls.展开更多
文摘Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cutaneous vasculopathy,and pulmonary inflammation.We sequenced a candidate gene,TMEM173,encoding the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),in this patient and in five unrelated children with similar clinical phenotypes.
基金Research Fund of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Tech-nology,China(Grant No.2020B1212030010)Project of Faculty of Agricultural Equipment of Jiangsu University (Grant No. NZXB20210202) are acknowledged。
文摘Ferroelectric HfO_(2)has attracted much attention owing to its superior ferroelectricity at an ultra-thin thickness and good compatibility with Si-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(CMOS)technology.However,the crystallization of polar orthorhombic phase(o-phase)HfO_(2)is less competitive,which greatly limits the ferroelectricity of the as-obtained ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.Fortunately,the crystallization of o-phase HfO_(2)can be thermodynamically modulated via interfacial stress engineering.In this paper,the growth of improved ferroelectric Al doped HfO_(2)(HfO_(2):Al)thin films on(111)-oriented Si substrate has been reported.Structural analysis has suggested that nonpolar monoclinic HfO_(2):Al grown on(111)-oriented Si substrate suffered from a strong compressive strain,which promoted the crystallization of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2)in the as-grown HfO_(2):Al thin films.In addition,the in-plane lattice of(111)-oriented Si substrate matches well with that of(111)-oriented o-phase HfO_(2),which further thermally stabilizes the o-phase HfO_(2).Accordingly,an improved ferroelectricity with a remnant polarization(2P_(r))of 26.7C/cm^(2) has been obtained.The results shown in this work provide a simple way toward the preparation of improved ferroelectric HfO_(2)thin films.
文摘Background:The study of autoinflammatory diseases has uncovered mechanisms underlying cytokine dysregulation and inflammation.Methods:We analyzed the DNA of an index patient with early-onset systemic inflammation,cutaneous vasculopathy,and pulmonary inflammation.We sequenced a candidate gene,TMEM173,encoding the stimulator of interferon genes(STING),in this patient and in five unrelated children with similar clinical phenotypes.Four children were evaluated clinically and immunologically.With the STING ligand cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate(cGAMP),we stimulated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and fibroblasts from patients and controls,as well as commercially obtained endothelial cells,and then assayed transcription of IFNB1,the gene encoding interferon-β,in the stimulated cells.We analyzed IFNB1 reporter levels in HEK293T cells cotransfected with mutant or nonmutant STING constructs.Mutant STING leads to increased phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1(STAT1),so we tested the effect of Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitors on STAT1 phosphorylation in lymphocytes from the affected children and controls.
