Plant glutamine synthetase(GS,EC6.3.1.2)catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions and acts as a key enzyme in the nitrogen metabolic pathway in organisms.Nitrogen is an essential element fo...Plant glutamine synthetase(GS,EC6.3.1.2)catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions and acts as a key enzyme in the nitrogen metabolic pathway in organisms.Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and plays an important role in crop yield and quality formation.Therefore,GS is crucial in many physiological processes in plants.Currently,nitrogen regulation by GS in plants is well-studied in terms of its effect on plant growth and development.This article reviews the regulatory role of plant GS and its molecular mechanism in mitigating stress injury,such as low or high temperature,salinity,drought and oxidation.The function of plant GS in stress tolerance response is focused.The review aims to provide a reference for the utilization of plant GS in crop stress tolerance breeding.展开更多
Gliadins are the major components of storage proteins in wheat and play an important role in determining the extensibility properties of dough.In the present work,six novel full-length γ-gliadin genes were cloned fro...Gliadins are the major components of storage proteins in wheat and play an important role in determining the extensibility properties of dough.In the present work,six novel full-length γ-gliadin genes were cloned from the C genome of Aegilops markgrafii using a PCR-based strategy.Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the cloned genes had primary structures that were similar,but not identical,to published γ-gliadins from other wheat-related species.The lengths of the open reading frames(ORFs)ranged from 909 to 963 bp,and the repetitive and glutamine-rich domains were mainly responsible for the size of the proteins.An extra cysteine residue was present in the repetitive domain of sequence JX566513.All amino acid sequences of γ-gliadin genes from Ae.markgrafii were searched for the five peptides identified as T cell stimulatory epitopes in celiac disease(CD)patients.Peptide Gliγ-3 was present in sequences JX566513 and JX566514.Peptide Gliγ-5 was present only in JX566513.The otherγ-gliadins contained no toxic epitopes.These results provide information to better understand the use of Ae.markgrafii in wheat breeding and the evolutionary relationship of theγ-gliadin genes in Ae.markgrafii and other Triticeae species.展开更多
基金supported by Qingdao Agriculture University Internal Strategic Research Fund,National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101715)the Foundation of Research and Application of Whole Genome Selection in Wheat(2019LZGC016)+1 种基金the High-Level Talents Project of Qingdao Agricultural University(663/1119057)the State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology at Shandong Agricultural University(2020KF03)。
文摘Plant glutamine synthetase(GS,EC6.3.1.2)catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonium ions and acts as a key enzyme in the nitrogen metabolic pathway in organisms.Nitrogen is an essential element for plant growth and development and plays an important role in crop yield and quality formation.Therefore,GS is crucial in many physiological processes in plants.Currently,nitrogen regulation by GS in plants is well-studied in terms of its effect on plant growth and development.This article reviews the regulatory role of plant GS and its molecular mechanism in mitigating stress injury,such as low or high temperature,salinity,drought and oxidation.The function of plant GS in stress tolerance response is focused.The review aims to provide a reference for the utilization of plant GS in crop stress tolerance breeding.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 31520103911, 31071405, and 31471488)National Basic Research Program of China (no. 2014CB138100)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (no. 2016YFD0100102)Genetically Modified Organism Breeding Major Projects (no. 2016ZX08002003)
文摘Gliadins are the major components of storage proteins in wheat and play an important role in determining the extensibility properties of dough.In the present work,six novel full-length γ-gliadin genes were cloned from the C genome of Aegilops markgrafii using a PCR-based strategy.Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences showed that the cloned genes had primary structures that were similar,but not identical,to published γ-gliadins from other wheat-related species.The lengths of the open reading frames(ORFs)ranged from 909 to 963 bp,and the repetitive and glutamine-rich domains were mainly responsible for the size of the proteins.An extra cysteine residue was present in the repetitive domain of sequence JX566513.All amino acid sequences of γ-gliadin genes from Ae.markgrafii were searched for the five peptides identified as T cell stimulatory epitopes in celiac disease(CD)patients.Peptide Gliγ-3 was present in sequences JX566513 and JX566514.Peptide Gliγ-5 was present only in JX566513.The otherγ-gliadins contained no toxic epitopes.These results provide information to better understand the use of Ae.markgrafii in wheat breeding and the evolutionary relationship of theγ-gliadin genes in Ae.markgrafii and other Triticeae species.
