The bulge test is a widely utilized method for assessing the mechanical properties of thin films,including metals,polymers,and semiconductors.However,as film thickness diminishes to nanometer scales,boundary condition...The bulge test is a widely utilized method for assessing the mechanical properties of thin films,including metals,polymers,and semiconductors.However,as film thickness diminishes to nanometer scales,boundary conditions dominated by weak van der Waals forces significantly impact mechanical responses.Instead of sample fracture,interfacial shear deformation and delamination become the primary deformation modes,thereby challenging the applicability of conventional bulge models.To accommodate the interfacial effect,a modified mechanical model based on the bulge test has been proposed.This review summarizes recent advancements in the bulge test to highlight the potential challenges and opportunities for future research.展开更多
A variety of out-of-plane deformation patterns have been observed for two-dimensional(2D)materials including ripples,wrinkles,buckles,scrolls,folds,tents,and bubbles due to their extra-low bending rigidity.Among them,...A variety of out-of-plane deformation patterns have been observed for two-dimensional(2D)materials including ripples,wrinkles,buckles,scrolls,folds,tents,and bubbles due to their extra-low bending rigidity.Among them,the micro-and nanoscale bubbles arising from the deformation of the atomically thin membrane by gases,liquids,and solids trapped underneath 2D materials were frequently observed.On the one hand,the presence of bubbles may severely deteriorate the performance of 2D material devices because of the obstructed charge,photon,and phonon transport across the interface.On the other hand,these bubbles offer a novel avenue to explore the intrinsic mechanical parameters(e.g.,Young’s modulus and bending rigidity)of 2D materials as well as their interfacial properties(e.g.,shear stress and adhesion energy).Furthermore,these bubbles with stable and controllable morphology also act as effective knobs to tune the electronic and photonic performance of various 2D materials.This review highlights the recent progress on the 2D material bubbles,which will be helpful for measurement of the mechanical properties of ultrathin 2D materials and the applications of developing 2D material devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22072031,12372107,11832010,and 11890682)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB36000000).
文摘The bulge test is a widely utilized method for assessing the mechanical properties of thin films,including metals,polymers,and semiconductors.However,as film thickness diminishes to nanometer scales,boundary conditions dominated by weak van der Waals forces significantly impact mechanical responses.Instead of sample fracture,interfacial shear deformation and delamination become the primary deformation modes,thereby challenging the applicability of conventional bulge models.To accommodate the interfacial effect,a modified mechanical model based on the bulge test has been proposed.This review summarizes recent advancements in the bulge test to highlight the potential challenges and opportunities for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11832010,11890682,22072031,and 12202430)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000).
文摘A variety of out-of-plane deformation patterns have been observed for two-dimensional(2D)materials including ripples,wrinkles,buckles,scrolls,folds,tents,and bubbles due to their extra-low bending rigidity.Among them,the micro-and nanoscale bubbles arising from the deformation of the atomically thin membrane by gases,liquids,and solids trapped underneath 2D materials were frequently observed.On the one hand,the presence of bubbles may severely deteriorate the performance of 2D material devices because of the obstructed charge,photon,and phonon transport across the interface.On the other hand,these bubbles offer a novel avenue to explore the intrinsic mechanical parameters(e.g.,Young’s modulus and bending rigidity)of 2D materials as well as their interfacial properties(e.g.,shear stress and adhesion energy).Furthermore,these bubbles with stable and controllable morphology also act as effective knobs to tune the electronic and photonic performance of various 2D materials.This review highlights the recent progress on the 2D material bubbles,which will be helpful for measurement of the mechanical properties of ultrathin 2D materials and the applications of developing 2D material devices.
