Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are closely related to cell death,proliferation and inflammation.However,excessive ROS levels may exceed the cellular oxidative capacity and cause irreversible damage.Organisms are often in...Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are closely related to cell death,proliferation and inflammation.However,excessive ROS levels may exceed the cellular oxidative capacity and cause irreversible damage.Organisms are often inadvertently exposed to nanomaterials(NMs).Therefore,elucidating the specific routes of ROS generation induced by NMs is crucial for comprehending the toxicity mechanisms of NMs and regulating their potential applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the toxicity mechanisms and applications of NMs from three perspectives:(1)Organelle perspective.Investigating the impact of NMmediated ROS onmitochondria,unravelingmechanisms at the organelle level.(2)NMs’perspective.Exploring the broad applications and biosafety considerations of Nanozymes,a unique class of NMs.(3)Cellular system.Examining the toxic effects and mechanisms of NMs in cells at a holistic cellular level.Expanding on these perspectives,the paper scrutinizes the regulation of Fenton reactions by NMs in organisms.Furthermore,it introduces diseases resulting fromNM-mediated ROS at the organism level.This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for studying NM-mediated mechanisms at both cellular and organism levels,offering considerations for the safe design of nanomaterials.展开更多
The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO_(3)RR) powered by renewable energy offers a promising approach for simultaneously reutilization of nitrate and synthesizing high-value products.Nevertheless,theoreti...The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO_(3)RR) powered by renewable energy offers a promising approach for simultaneously reutilization of nitrate and synthesizing high-value products.Nevertheless,theoretical understanding of reaction mechanism was relative illusive,which is indispensable to rationally design of efficient catalysts.Besides,tuning the reaction microenvironment along with the scale-up device development is essential to promote the industrial deployment of electrocatalytic nitrate conversion,while relative research was overlooked.In this regard,recent advances in ammonia synthesis are firstly summarized,including the identification of active sites,exploration of the underlying reaction mechanisms,electrolyzer design and technical-economic analysis.Furthermore,electrocatalytic C–N coupling based on NO_(3)RR to produce higher-value products such as urea and amino acids are also reviewed,to extend the application potential and economic feasibility.Finally,we highlight the existing challenges and the demand of future research for NO_(3)RR.This review anticipates to provide insights into synthesis of high-value products via NO_(3)RR,bridging the gap from laboratory research to industrial fabrication.展开更多
When nanoparticles(NPs)enter a physiological environment,they tend to adsorb proteins to form a so-called corona.A comprehensive understanding of the effect of protein corona on NPs’toxicity is required.Our previous ...When nanoparticles(NPs)enter a physiological environment,they tend to adsorb proteins to form a so-called corona.A comprehensive understanding of the effect of protein corona on NPs’toxicity is required.Our previous study indicated that silica nanoparticles(SiO_(2)NPs)exposure with different routes resulted in distinct brain damage;however,an exact molecular mechanism of protein corona on the regulation of SiO_(2)NPsinduced damages needs further investigation.SiO_(2)NPs exposure via intravenous injection may encounter a protein-rich bio-matrix,which drives the adsorption of serum protein on their surface to form a stable SiO_(2)NPs@serum complex.On the contrary,SiO_(2)NPs exposure via intranasal instillation remained their original feature,due to a protein infertile environment of cerebrospinal fluid.Apparently,surface adsorption of proteinaceous substances altered inherent toxic behavior of SiO_(2)NPs.In addition,glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK3β)phosphorylate was found at different residues,which play an essential role in orchestrating apoptosis and autophagy threshold.Route-dependent corona formation determined GSK3βphosphorylation status and ultimately the toxic behavior of SiO_(2)NPs.This work presented the evidence of biocorona on the regulation of SiO_(2)NPs-induced toxicity,which can be used to guide risk assessment of environmental NPs.展开更多
Ice shelves play an essential role in the dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet.The surface meltwater is important,as it can irreversibly weaken ice shelves by exerting additional hydrostatic pressure.Therefore,high-res...Ice shelves play an essential role in the dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet.The surface meltwater is important,as it can irreversibly weaken ice shelves by exerting additional hydrostatic pressure.Therefore,high-resolution snowmelt products are urgently needed to accurately analyze melting patterns of ice shelves and further estimate mass loss.In this study,a new high-resolution(40 m)snowmelt dataset over all of the Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves larger than 100 km^(2) was developed based on the modified snowmelt detection framework by using a co-orbit normalization method.The dataset provides detailed snowmelt information on each ice shelf,including the image coverage,melting area and melting ratio every 5 days.The melting patterns of three typical ice shelves(George VI,Wilkins and Larsen C Ice Shelves)and the spatio-temporal melting distribution of the Antarctic Peninsula(AP)were further analyzed.The snowmelt information indicates that both the extent and duration of snowmelt have been increasing in the Antarctic Peninsula from 2015 to 2021,and we found that the snowmelt on the Antarctic Peninsula showed a spatial pattern of significantly intense snowmelt on the western side.We believe this study will provide essential data for ice shelf investigation to support otherfields of polar research.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176206).
文摘Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are closely related to cell death,proliferation and inflammation.However,excessive ROS levels may exceed the cellular oxidative capacity and cause irreversible damage.Organisms are often inadvertently exposed to nanomaterials(NMs).Therefore,elucidating the specific routes of ROS generation induced by NMs is crucial for comprehending the toxicity mechanisms of NMs and regulating their potential applications.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the toxicity mechanisms and applications of NMs from three perspectives:(1)Organelle perspective.Investigating the impact of NMmediated ROS onmitochondria,unravelingmechanisms at the organelle level.(2)NMs’perspective.Exploring the broad applications and biosafety considerations of Nanozymes,a unique class of NMs.(3)Cellular system.Examining the toxic effects and mechanisms of NMs in cells at a holistic cellular level.Expanding on these perspectives,the paper scrutinizes the regulation of Fenton reactions by NMs in organisms.Furthermore,it introduces diseases resulting fromNM-mediated ROS at the organism level.This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for studying NM-mediated mechanisms at both cellular and organism levels,offering considerations for the safe design of nanomaterials.
基金the support from Key R&D Program of Zhejiang(2024SSYS0064)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2022ZFJH04)。
文摘The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO_(3)RR) powered by renewable energy offers a promising approach for simultaneously reutilization of nitrate and synthesizing high-value products.Nevertheless,theoretical understanding of reaction mechanism was relative illusive,which is indispensable to rationally design of efficient catalysts.Besides,tuning the reaction microenvironment along with the scale-up device development is essential to promote the industrial deployment of electrocatalytic nitrate conversion,while relative research was overlooked.In this regard,recent advances in ammonia synthesis are firstly summarized,including the identification of active sites,exploration of the underlying reaction mechanisms,electrolyzer design and technical-economic analysis.Furthermore,electrocatalytic C–N coupling based on NO_(3)RR to produce higher-value products such as urea and amino acids are also reviewed,to extend the application potential and economic feasibility.Finally,we highlight the existing challenges and the demand of future research for NO_(3)RR.This review anticipates to provide insights into synthesis of high-value products via NO_(3)RR,bridging the gap from laboratory research to industrial fabrication.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176206,21976145,22174116,and 21974110).Notes。
文摘When nanoparticles(NPs)enter a physiological environment,they tend to adsorb proteins to form a so-called corona.A comprehensive understanding of the effect of protein corona on NPs’toxicity is required.Our previous study indicated that silica nanoparticles(SiO_(2)NPs)exposure with different routes resulted in distinct brain damage;however,an exact molecular mechanism of protein corona on the regulation of SiO_(2)NPsinduced damages needs further investigation.SiO_(2)NPs exposure via intravenous injection may encounter a protein-rich bio-matrix,which drives the adsorption of serum protein on their surface to form a stable SiO_(2)NPs@serum complex.On the contrary,SiO_(2)NPs exposure via intranasal instillation remained their original feature,due to a protein infertile environment of cerebrospinal fluid.Apparently,surface adsorption of proteinaceous substances altered inherent toxic behavior of SiO_(2)NPs.In addition,glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta(GSK3β)phosphorylate was found at different residues,which play an essential role in orchestrating apoptosis and autophagy threshold.Route-dependent corona formation determined GSK3βphosphorylation status and ultimately the toxic behavior of SiO_(2)NPs.This work presented the evidence of biocorona on the regulation of SiO_(2)NPs-induced toxicity,which can be used to guide risk assessment of environmental NPs.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number U2268217]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41876226]Innovative Research Program of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals[grant number CBAS2022IRP02].
文摘Ice shelves play an essential role in the dynamics of the Antarctic ice sheet.The surface meltwater is important,as it can irreversibly weaken ice shelves by exerting additional hydrostatic pressure.Therefore,high-resolution snowmelt products are urgently needed to accurately analyze melting patterns of ice shelves and further estimate mass loss.In this study,a new high-resolution(40 m)snowmelt dataset over all of the Antarctic Peninsula ice shelves larger than 100 km^(2) was developed based on the modified snowmelt detection framework by using a co-orbit normalization method.The dataset provides detailed snowmelt information on each ice shelf,including the image coverage,melting area and melting ratio every 5 days.The melting patterns of three typical ice shelves(George VI,Wilkins and Larsen C Ice Shelves)and the spatio-temporal melting distribution of the Antarctic Peninsula(AP)were further analyzed.The snowmelt information indicates that both the extent and duration of snowmelt have been increasing in the Antarctic Peninsula from 2015 to 2021,and we found that the snowmelt on the Antarctic Peninsula showed a spatial pattern of significantly intense snowmelt on the western side.We believe this study will provide essential data for ice shelf investigation to support otherfields of polar research.
