Recrystallization annealing is widely used to tailor the microstructure and enhance the performance of cold-deformed metallic materials.However,the underlying recrystallization mechanisms are debated,even with the use...Recrystallization annealing is widely used to tailor the microstructure and enhance the performance of cold-deformed metallic materials.However,the underlying recrystallization mechanisms are debated,even with the use of cutting-edge characterization techniques.Here,we develop a Track-Rex toolbox to analyze quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)datasets of two magnesium(Mg)alloys dur-ing static recrystallization via grain correlation.The results show that the recrystallized grains do not always grow;instead,they can shrink or even be consumed.This is attributed to the presence of newly formed recrystallized grains that possess a growth advantage over the old recrystallized grains.The rare earth containing Mg-2.4Zn-0.2Ce wt.%(ZE20)alloy exhibits a higher nucleation activity in the shear bands compared to the commercial Mg-3Al-1 Zn(AZ31)alloy.Regardless of the nucleation timing and sites,re-crystallized grains in the ZE20 alloy show consistent off-basal orientations,serving as the origin of the rare earth texture.Moreover,the off-basal texture of these recrystallized grains is further strengthened through preferential growth during subsequent annealing.On the contrary,the recrystallized grains in the AZ31 exhibit scattered basal orientations that grow uniformly,resulting in a weak basal texture.展开更多
Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufac...Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)was employed to produce single AZ31 layer.The results revealed that the WAAM AZ31 was characterized by significant grain refinement with non-textured crystallographic orientation,similar phase composition and stabilized corrosion performance comparing to the cast AZ31.These varied corrosion behaviors were principally ascribed to the size of grain,where cast AZ31 and WAAM AZ31 were featured by micro galvanic corrosion and intergranular corrosion,respectively.展开更多
The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)we...The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)were investigated by Split Hopkinson Tension Bar(SHTB).The corresponding deformation mechanisms,texture evolution and microstructure changes were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the extruded EW75 magnesium alloy along ED exhibits a conventional positive strain rate sensitivity that the dynamic flow stresses increase with in creasing strain rate.Texture measurements show that after dynamic tension,the initial weak texture of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy tansforms to a relatively strong<10-10>//ED texture with increasing strain rates.The microstructural analysis demonstrates that dislocation motion are main deformatin mode to accommodate dynamic tensile deformation at high strain rates.In addition,the interactions of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-second phase lead to the in crease of flow stress and strain hardening with increasing strain rate.展开更多
Effect of electropulsing treatment(EPT) on recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled Mg alloy ZK60 strips was investigated. It was found that EPT significantly improved nucleation rate and migration ability of grain b...Effect of electropulsing treatment(EPT) on recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled Mg alloy ZK60 strips was investigated. It was found that EPT significantly improved nucleation rate and migration ability of grain boundaries, leading to accelerated recrystallization of the deformed metals at relatively low temperature. After the recrystallization induced by EPT, the average grain size of 20% rolling reduction samples decreased from 113 um to around 10 um, meanwhile the typical basal-type texture of the coldrolled sample was weakened. EPT was normally accompanied with a thermal and an athermal effects. The athermal effect played a dominated role in increasing nucleation rate, while the thermal effect promoted grain growth. A fewer recrystallized grains originated along the grain boundaries in the 10% reduction samples, while most of the recrystallization took place inside the twins in the 20% reduction samples.展开更多
Precipitates play an important role in determining the mechanical and magnetic properties of silicon steel. This paper aims to investigate the growth kinetics of precipitates in commercial silicon steel by analyzing i...Precipitates play an important role in determining the mechanical and magnetic properties of silicon steel. This paper aims to investigate the growth kinetics of precipitates in commercial silicon steel by analyzing its magnetic properties during isothermal annealing at 200℃. The growth of precipitates was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. In combination with the coercive field and initial susceptibility, this technique offers the advantage of being non-destructive and providing quantitative information about the number, mean radius of precipitates, and fraction of transformation. An ob- served decrease in the number of precipitated particles indicates that the transformation starts from particles of appreciable initial size.展开更多
Background: Occupational noise can induce hearing impairment. Work-related hearing impairment has become a growing threat to medical practitioners who feel anxious about occupational noise exposure and its health outc...Background: Occupational noise can induce hearing impairment. Work-related hearing impairment has become a growing threat to medical practitioners who feel anxious about occupational noise exposure and its health outcomes or even experience auditory dysesthesia (including drumming, distending pain in the ears, and otalgia) after long-term exposure to a noisy work environment. Objective: To investigate the effects of occupational noise on the hearing ability of outpatient clinic nurses in Grade III, Level A and Grade II, Level A hospitals in Guangzhou. Methods: During June 2019, noise monitoring was performed by quantifying the noise levels at four measuring points (reception, waiting area, hallway, blood-sampling room) in five Grade III, Level A and five Grade II, Level A hospitals, in Guangzhou, four times a day (8 AM, 10 AM, 2 PM, and 4 PM) for 19 working days, using a professional noise measuring application for smartphones. The measurements were verified and used to create a database in Excel. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS22.0, and questionnaires were distributed to nurses who had been working at outpatient clinics for five years and above to assess the impacts of occupational noise exposure on the hearing ability. Results: In the Grade III, Level A hospitals, the sound levels at the four measuring points during the specific time periods were 4.92 - 6.75 dB above the permissible limit of 55 dB and were all significantly higher than the sound levels at the outpatient clinics of the Grade II, Level A hospitals (P Conclusions: Exposure to excess noise can lead to auditory dysesthesia in outpatient clinic nurses. Compared to those from Grade II, Level A hospitals, outpatient clinic nurses from Grade III, Level A hospitals are at higher risk of auditory dysesthesia. The noise levels at outpatient clinics should be closely monitored, and effective measures should be taken to reduce occupational noise exposure. Outpatient clinic nurses should enhance protective measures and receive preventive health exams on a regular basis.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A disti...Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A distinctive aspect of CRC is its strong connection to the gut microbiota,which is crucial in both tumorigenesis and immune regulation.This narrative review provides a comprehensive anal-ysis of the interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system,focusing on their importance in CRC progression and re-sponses to immunotherapy.Imbalances in the composition of gut microbes are strongly associated with CRC development.Notably,species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been identified as key regulators of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.These microbes affect the functions of immune cells,such as T cells,macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,thereby influencing cancer progression and prognosis.Additionally,this review underscores the potential of gut micro-biota as biomarkers for CRC detection and outcome prediction.There is also growing interest in the use of probiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary modifications as supplementary treatments.A deeper understanding of how microbial communities interact with the immune system may pave the way for novel personalized therapies,particularly by enhancing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.展开更多
Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a heterogeneous and complex reproductive endocrinological disease that could lead to infertility.There were many attempts to classify PCOS but it remains unclear whether ...Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a heterogeneous and complex reproductive endocrinological disease that could lead to infertility.There were many attempts to classify PCOS but it remains unclear whether there is a specific subgroup of PCOS that is associated with the best or worst reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques(ART).Methods:Infertile PCOS patients who underwent their first cycle of in vitro fertilization(IVF)in West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2021 were included.Basic clinical and laboratory information of each individual were extracted.Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed.Controlled ovarian stimulation parameters and reproductive outcomes were collected and compared between the different clusters of PCOS.Results:Our analysis clustered women with PCOS into"reproductive","metabolic",and"balanced"clusters based on nine traits.Reproductive group was characterized by high levels of testosterone(T),sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),follicular stimulation hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH).Metabolic group was characterized by high levels of body mass index(BMI),fasting insulin,and fasting glucose.Balanced group was characterized by low levels of the aforementioned reproductive and metabolic parameters,except for SHBG.Compared with PCOS patients in reproductive and balanced clusters,those in metabolic cluster had lower rates of good quality day 3 embryo and blastocyst formation.Moreover,PCOS patients in the reproductive cluster had greater fresh embryo transfer(ET)cancelation rate and clinical pregnancy rate after fresh ET than metabolic cluster(odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.77-6.44,and OR=6.19,95%CI:1.58-24.24,respectively).And compared with PCOS of metabolic cluster,PCOS of balanced cluster also had higher chance for fresh ET cancelation(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.26-6.35).Conclusion:Our study suggested that PCOS patients in metabolic cluster may be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and might need individualized treatment and careful monitoring before and during ART.展开更多
To the Editor:Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks of gestation,and it affects about 1%to 2%of couples.[1]The etiology of RPL includes metabolic/endocrinologic...To the Editor:Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks of gestation,and it affects about 1%to 2%of couples.[1]The etiology of RPL includes metabolic/endocrinological abnormalities,genetic factors,anatomical factors,immune disorders,thrombophilia,male factors,and psychological factors.[1,2]Systemic autoimmune diseases like antiphospholipid syndrome(APS),[3]undifferentiated connective tissue disease(UCTD),[4]and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)[5]have been found to be important causes of RPL in recent years.Understanding the associations between different systemic autoimmune diseases and RPL,as well as being able to provide suitable diagnoses and treatments,is of great significance.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the cancer occurring in colon and rectum,and is the fourth leading cause of tumor-associated deaths worldwide.As a multi-etiological cancer,CRC could be induced by genetic and environmental fa...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the cancer occurring in colon and rectum,and is the fourth leading cause of tumor-associated deaths worldwide.As a multi-etiological cancer,CRC could be induced by genetic and environmental factors,including unhealthy diet,irregular lifestyle,inappropriate inflammatory,and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.Since immunotherapy has been the most popular cancer therapy nowadays,the relationships among gut microbiota,host immune cells and CRC pathogenesis are widely investigated.Scientists constantly tried to figure out the underlying mechanisms involved to support the further therapeutic studies.In this review,we discuss the component shifts of gut microbiota in CRC patients compared with healthy people,summarize how immune cells participate in protecting host from pathogenic microbes,elaborate the molecular mechanisms involved in gut microbiota-associated carcinogenesis of colonic epithelial cells and look into how gut microbiota influence the CRC therapy.展开更多
基金We thank the UK Research and Innovation(UKRI)for funding this work via the Future Leaders Fellowship(grant No.MR/T019123/2)Dikai Guan acknowledges the support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(grant No.EP/L025213/1)+1 种基金the Royal Society International Exchanges 2021 Cost Share(grant No.IEC\NSFC\211323)Zhuoran Zeng acknowledges the support from the Australian National University Future Fellowship and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.U22A20187).
文摘Recrystallization annealing is widely used to tailor the microstructure and enhance the performance of cold-deformed metallic materials.However,the underlying recrystallization mechanisms are debated,even with the use of cutting-edge characterization techniques.Here,we develop a Track-Rex toolbox to analyze quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)datasets of two magnesium(Mg)alloys dur-ing static recrystallization via grain correlation.The results show that the recrystallized grains do not always grow;instead,they can shrink or even be consumed.This is attributed to the presence of newly formed recrystallized grains that possess a growth advantage over the old recrystallized grains.The rare earth containing Mg-2.4Zn-0.2Ce wt.%(ZE20)alloy exhibits a higher nucleation activity in the shear bands compared to the commercial Mg-3Al-1 Zn(AZ31)alloy.Regardless of the nucleation timing and sites,re-crystallized grains in the ZE20 alloy show consistent off-basal orientations,serving as the origin of the rare earth texture.Moreover,the off-basal texture of these recrystallized grains is further strengthened through preferential growth during subsequent annealing.On the contrary,the recrystallized grains in the AZ31 exhibit scattered basal orientations that grow uniformly,resulting in a weak basal texture.
基金the financial support by National Key Research and Development Project(Grand No.2020YFC1107202)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grand No.2020A1515110754)+3 种基金MOE Key Lab of Disaster Forest and Control in Engineering,Jinan University(Grand No.20200904008)Educational Commission of Guangdong Province(Grand No.2020KTSCX012)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(Grand No.21620342)the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC(Grand No.51775556)。
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg alloys has become a promising strategy for producing complex structures,but the corrosion performance of AM Mg components remains unexploited.In this study,wire and arc additive manufacturing(WAAM)was employed to produce single AZ31 layer.The results revealed that the WAAM AZ31 was characterized by significant grain refinement with non-textured crystallographic orientation,similar phase composition and stabilized corrosion performance comparing to the cast AZ31.These varied corrosion behaviors were principally ascribed to the size of grain,where cast AZ31 and WAAM AZ31 were featured by micro galvanic corrosion and intergranular corrosion,respectively.
基金The authors would like to thank Professor Kui Zhang,Beijing General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metal,for providing EW75 magnesium alloy for this work and acknowledge the funding from the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.17KJD430006)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Foundation of Wuxi Institute of Technology(No.30593118001)Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Institute of Technology(No.ZK201901).The help of EBSD experiment provided by Yukyung Shin from Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘The dynamic tensile properties and microstructural evolution of an extruded EW75 magnesium alloy deformed at ambient temperature and different high strain rates(from 1000 to 3000 s^(-1))along extrusion direction(ED)were investigated by Split Hopkinson Tension Bar(SHTB).The corresponding deformation mechanisms,texture evolution and microstructure changes were analyzed by optical microscope(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscope(TEM).The results show that the extruded EW75 magnesium alloy along ED exhibits a conventional positive strain rate sensitivity that the dynamic flow stresses increase with in creasing strain rate.Texture measurements show that after dynamic tension,the initial weak texture of extruded EW75 magnesium alloy tansforms to a relatively strong<10-10>//ED texture with increasing strain rates.The microstructural analysis demonstrates that dislocation motion are main deformatin mode to accommodate dynamic tensile deformation at high strain rates.In addition,the interactions of dislocation-dislocation and dislocation-second phase lead to the in crease of flow stress and strain hardening with increasing strain rate.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1710118,51504162 and51601123)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Nos.2015011033 and 2015021073)+2 种基金the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2016-029)the Shanxi Province Fundamental Resources Platform of Science and Technology(No.201605D121030)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs for Excellent Researchers in Shanxi Province(No.201605D211015)
文摘Effect of electropulsing treatment(EPT) on recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled Mg alloy ZK60 strips was investigated. It was found that EPT significantly improved nucleation rate and migration ability of grain boundaries, leading to accelerated recrystallization of the deformed metals at relatively low temperature. After the recrystallization induced by EPT, the average grain size of 20% rolling reduction samples decreased from 113 um to around 10 um, meanwhile the typical basal-type texture of the coldrolled sample was weakened. EPT was normally accompanied with a thermal and an athermal effects. The athermal effect played a dominated role in increasing nucleation rate, while the thermal effect promoted grain growth. A fewer recrystallized grains originated along the grain boundaries in the 10% reduction samples, while most of the recrystallization took place inside the twins in the 20% reduction samples.
文摘Precipitates play an important role in determining the mechanical and magnetic properties of silicon steel. This paper aims to investigate the growth kinetics of precipitates in commercial silicon steel by analyzing its magnetic properties during isothermal annealing at 200℃. The growth of precipitates was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. In combination with the coercive field and initial susceptibility, this technique offers the advantage of being non-destructive and providing quantitative information about the number, mean radius of precipitates, and fraction of transformation. An ob- served decrease in the number of precipitated particles indicates that the transformation starts from particles of appreciable initial size.
基金National Basic Research Program of China from MOST,2015CB910800 to W.C. and 2014CB910202 to J. LNational Science Foundation of China,31470900 and 31522021 to W.C. and 11672317 and 31222022 to J.L.
文摘Background: Occupational noise can induce hearing impairment. Work-related hearing impairment has become a growing threat to medical practitioners who feel anxious about occupational noise exposure and its health outcomes or even experience auditory dysesthesia (including drumming, distending pain in the ears, and otalgia) after long-term exposure to a noisy work environment. Objective: To investigate the effects of occupational noise on the hearing ability of outpatient clinic nurses in Grade III, Level A and Grade II, Level A hospitals in Guangzhou. Methods: During June 2019, noise monitoring was performed by quantifying the noise levels at four measuring points (reception, waiting area, hallway, blood-sampling room) in five Grade III, Level A and five Grade II, Level A hospitals, in Guangzhou, four times a day (8 AM, 10 AM, 2 PM, and 4 PM) for 19 working days, using a professional noise measuring application for smartphones. The measurements were verified and used to create a database in Excel. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS22.0, and questionnaires were distributed to nurses who had been working at outpatient clinics for five years and above to assess the impacts of occupational noise exposure on the hearing ability. Results: In the Grade III, Level A hospitals, the sound levels at the four measuring points during the specific time periods were 4.92 - 6.75 dB above the permissible limit of 55 dB and were all significantly higher than the sound levels at the outpatient clinics of the Grade II, Level A hospitals (P Conclusions: Exposure to excess noise can lead to auditory dysesthesia in outpatient clinic nurses. Compared to those from Grade II, Level A hospitals, outpatient clinic nurses from Grade III, Level A hospitals are at higher risk of auditory dysesthesia. The noise levels at outpatient clinics should be closely monitored, and effective measures should be taken to reduce occupational noise exposure. Outpatient clinic nurses should enhance protective measures and receive preventive health exams on a regular basis.
基金supported by The First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally,with its incidence increasing due to lifestyle fac-tors such as increased consumption of red meat and decreased vegetable intake.A distinctive aspect of CRC is its strong connection to the gut microbiota,which is crucial in both tumorigenesis and immune regulation.This narrative review provides a comprehensive anal-ysis of the interactions between gut microbiota and the immune system,focusing on their importance in CRC progression and re-sponses to immunotherapy.Imbalances in the composition of gut microbes are strongly associated with CRC development.Notably,species such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and Bacteroides fragilis have been identified as key regulators of immune responses within the tumor microenvironment.These microbes affect the functions of immune cells,such as T cells,macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells,thereby influencing cancer progression and prognosis.Additionally,this review underscores the potential of gut micro-biota as biomarkers for CRC detection and outcome prediction.There is also growing interest in the use of probiotics,fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary modifications as supplementary treatments.A deeper understanding of how microbial communities interact with the immune system may pave the way for novel personalized therapies,particularly by enhancing the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2020YFS0127)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2022ZYD0067).
文摘Background:Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)is a heterogeneous and complex reproductive endocrinological disease that could lead to infertility.There were many attempts to classify PCOS but it remains unclear whether there is a specific subgroup of PCOS that is associated with the best or worst reproductive outcomes of assisted reproductive techniques(ART).Methods:Infertile PCOS patients who underwent their first cycle of in vitro fertilization(IVF)in West China Second University Hospital,Sichuan University from January 2019 to December 2021 were included.Basic clinical and laboratory information of each individual were extracted.Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed.Controlled ovarian stimulation parameters and reproductive outcomes were collected and compared between the different clusters of PCOS.Results:Our analysis clustered women with PCOS into"reproductive","metabolic",and"balanced"clusters based on nine traits.Reproductive group was characterized by high levels of testosterone(T),sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG),follicular stimulation hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH).Metabolic group was characterized by high levels of body mass index(BMI),fasting insulin,and fasting glucose.Balanced group was characterized by low levels of the aforementioned reproductive and metabolic parameters,except for SHBG.Compared with PCOS patients in reproductive and balanced clusters,those in metabolic cluster had lower rates of good quality day 3 embryo and blastocyst formation.Moreover,PCOS patients in the reproductive cluster had greater fresh embryo transfer(ET)cancelation rate and clinical pregnancy rate after fresh ET than metabolic cluster(odds ratio[OR]=3.37,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.77-6.44,and OR=6.19,95%CI:1.58-24.24,respectively).And compared with PCOS of metabolic cluster,PCOS of balanced cluster also had higher chance for fresh ET cancelation(OR=2.83,95%CI:1.26-6.35).Conclusion:Our study suggested that PCOS patients in metabolic cluster may be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes and might need individualized treatment and careful monitoring before and during ART.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Health Department of Sichuan Province(No.20PJ072).
文摘To the Editor:Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL)is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies before 24 weeks of gestation,and it affects about 1%to 2%of couples.[1]The etiology of RPL includes metabolic/endocrinological abnormalities,genetic factors,anatomical factors,immune disorders,thrombophilia,male factors,and psychological factors.[1,2]Systemic autoimmune diseases like antiphospholipid syndrome(APS),[3]undifferentiated connective tissue disease(UCTD),[4]and systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)[5]have been found to be important causes of RPL in recent years.Understanding the associations between different systemic autoimmune diseases and RPL,as well as being able to provide suitable diagnoses and treatments,is of great significance.
基金This work was supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 91742102).The funder had no role in study design,data collection,and interpretation,writing of the manuscript,or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the cancer occurring in colon and rectum,and is the fourth leading cause of tumor-associated deaths worldwide.As a multi-etiological cancer,CRC could be induced by genetic and environmental factors,including unhealthy diet,irregular lifestyle,inappropriate inflammatory,and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.Since immunotherapy has been the most popular cancer therapy nowadays,the relationships among gut microbiota,host immune cells and CRC pathogenesis are widely investigated.Scientists constantly tried to figure out the underlying mechanisms involved to support the further therapeutic studies.In this review,we discuss the component shifts of gut microbiota in CRC patients compared with healthy people,summarize how immune cells participate in protecting host from pathogenic microbes,elaborate the molecular mechanisms involved in gut microbiota-associated carcinogenesis of colonic epithelial cells and look into how gut microbiota influence the CRC therapy.
