As a typical representative of nanomaterials,carbon nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in the construction of electronic devices owing to their unique physical and chemical properties,multi-dimensionali...As a typical representative of nanomaterials,carbon nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in the construction of electronic devices owing to their unique physical and chemical properties,multi-dimensionality,multi-hybridization methods,and excellent electronic properties.Especially in the recent years,memristors based on carbon nanomaterials have flourished in the field of building non-volatile memory devices and neuromorphic applications.In the current work,the preparation methods and structural characteristics of carbon nanomaterials of different dimensions were systematically reviewed.Afterwards,in depth discussion on the structural characteristics and working mechanism of memristors based on carbon nanomaterials of different dimensions was conducted.Finally,the potential applications of carbon-based memristors in logic operations,neural network construction,artificial vision systems,artificial tactile systems,and multimodal perception systems were also introduced.It is believed that this paper will provide guidance for the future development of high-quality information storage,high-performance neuromorphic applications,and highsensitivity bionic sensing based on carbon-based memristors.展开更多
Since the invention of optical tweezers,optical manipulation has advanced significantly in scientific areas such as atomic physics,optics and biological science.Especially in the past decade,numerous optical beams and...Since the invention of optical tweezers,optical manipulation has advanced significantly in scientific areas such as atomic physics,optics and biological science.Especially in the past decade,numerous optical beams and nanoscale devices have been proposed to mechanically act on nanoparticles in increasingly precise,stable and flexible ways.Both the linear and angular momenta of light can be exploited to produce optical tractor beams,tweezers and optical torque from the microscale to the nanoscale.Research on optical forces helps to reveal the nature of light–matter interactions and to resolve the fundamental aspects,which require an appropriate description of momenta and the forces on objects in matter.In this review,starting from basic theories and computational approaches,we highlight the latest optical trapping configurations and their applications in bioscience,as well as recent advances down to the nanoscale.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of nanomanipulation,which has considerable potential applications in a variety of scientific fields and everyday life.展开更多
Fourier transform, mapping the information in one domain to its reciprocal space, isof fundamental significance in real-time and parallel processing of massive data forsound and image manipulation. As a powerful platf...Fourier transform, mapping the information in one domain to its reciprocal space, isof fundamental significance in real-time and parallel processing of massive data forsound and image manipulation. As a powerful platform of high-efficiency wavecontrol, Huygens’ metasurface may offer to bridge the electromagnetic signalprocessing and analog Fourier transform at the hardware level and with remarkablyimproved performance. We here demonstrate a Huygens’ metasurface hologram,where the image pattern can be self-rotated or projected in free space bymodulating the phase distribution based on the rotational invariance, time-shiftingand scaling properties of Fourier transform. Our proof-of-concept experiment showshigh-efficiency imaging operation in accordance with theoretical predictions,validating the proposed scheme as an ideal way to perform largely parallel spatialdomainmathematical operations in the analog domain using electromagnetic fields.展开更多
Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handednes...Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handedness.Herein, a strategy to independently and arbitrarily manipulate the EM wave with orthogonal circular polarizations based on a metasurface is proposed, which effectually breaks through traditional symmetrical characteristics between orthogonal handedness. By synthesizing the propagation phase and geometric phase, the appropriate Jones matrix is calculated to obtain independent wavefront manipulation of EM waves with opposite circular polarizations. Two transmissive ultra-thin meta-deflectors are proposed to demonstrate the asymmetrical refraction of transmitted circularly polarized waves in the microwave region. Simulated transmitted phase front and measured far-field intensity distributions are in excellent agreement, indicating that the transmitted wave with different polarizations can be refracted into arbitrary and independent directions within a wide frequency band(relative bandwidth of 25%). The results presented in this paper provide more freedom for the manipulation of EM waves, and motivate the realizations of various polarization-independent properties for all frequency spectra.展开更多
In fluorescence microscopy,computational algorithms have been developed to suppress noise,enhance contrast,and even enable super-resolution(SR).However,the local quality of the images may vary on multiple scales,and t...In fluorescence microscopy,computational algorithms have been developed to suppress noise,enhance contrast,and even enable super-resolution(SR).However,the local quality of the images may vary on multiple scales,and these differences can lead to misconceptions.Current mapping methods fail to finely estimate the local quality,challenging to associate the SR scale content.Here,we develop a rolling Fourier ring correlation(rFRC)method to evaluate the reconstruction uncertainties down to SR scale.To visually pinpoint regions with low reliability,a filtered rFRC is combined with a modified resolution-scaled error map(RSM),offering a comprehensive and concise map for further examination.We demonstrate their performances on various SR imaging modalities,and the resulting quantitative maps enable better SR images integrated from different reconstructions.Overall,we expect that our framework can become a routinely used tool for biologists in assessing their image datasets in general and inspire further advances in the rapidly developing field of computational imaging.展开更多
In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compactunit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specificinput values is theoretically and experimentally demon...In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compactunit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specificinput values is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. An electromagneticwave (EM)-based optical diffractive neural network with only one hidden layer isphysically built to perform four trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, andcotangent functions). Under the unique composite input mode strategy, the designedoptical trigonometric operator responds to incident light source modes that representdifferent trigonometric operations and input values (within one period), and generatescorrect and clear calculated results in the output layer. Such a wave-based operationis implemented with specific input values, and the proposed concept work may offerbreakthrough inspiration to achieve integrable optical computing devices and photonicsignal processors with ultra-fast running speeds.展开更多
In this paper, we design and demonstrate a compact logic operator based on a single-layer metasurface at microwave frequency. By mapping the nodes in the trained fully connected neural network(FCNN) to the specific un...In this paper, we design and demonstrate a compact logic operator based on a single-layer metasurface at microwave frequency. By mapping the nodes in the trained fully connected neural network(FCNN) to the specific unit cells with phase control function of the metasurface, a logic operator with only one hidden layer is physically realized. When the incident wave illuminates specific operating regions of the metasurface, corresponding unit cells are activated and can scatter the incident wave to two designated zones containing logical information in the output layer. The proposed metasurface logic operator is experimentally verified to achieve three basic logic operations(NOT, OR, and AND) under different input signals. Our design shows great application potential in compact optical systems, low-power consumption information transmission, and ultrafast wave-based full signal processing.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2021YFF0603500in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grants 62174068,62311540155,and U22A2014+1 种基金in part by the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(ZR2023ZD03)in part by the Jinan City University Integration Development Strategy Project under Grant(JNSX2023017).
文摘As a typical representative of nanomaterials,carbon nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in the construction of electronic devices owing to their unique physical and chemical properties,multi-dimensionality,multi-hybridization methods,and excellent electronic properties.Especially in the recent years,memristors based on carbon nanomaterials have flourished in the field of building non-volatile memory devices and neuromorphic applications.In the current work,the preparation methods and structural characteristics of carbon nanomaterials of different dimensions were systematically reviewed.Afterwards,in depth discussion on the structural characteristics and working mechanism of memristors based on carbon nanomaterials of different dimensions was conducted.Finally,the potential applications of carbon-based memristors in logic operations,neural network construction,artificial vision systems,artificial tactile systems,and multimodal perception systems were also introduced.It is believed that this paper will provide guidance for the future development of high-quality information storage,high-performance neuromorphic applications,and highsensitivity bionic sensing based on carbon-based memristors.
基金support from the National University of Singapore(no.R-263-000-678-133)supported by the Spanish MINECO grants FIS2012-36113-C03-03,FIS2014-55563-REDC and FIS2015-69295-C3-1-P+2 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.11504252)the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of Jiangsu Province(no.BK20150306)the Natural Science Foundation for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province of China(no.15KJB140008).
文摘Since the invention of optical tweezers,optical manipulation has advanced significantly in scientific areas such as atomic physics,optics and biological science.Especially in the past decade,numerous optical beams and nanoscale devices have been proposed to mechanically act on nanoparticles in increasingly precise,stable and flexible ways.Both the linear and angular momenta of light can be exploited to produce optical tractor beams,tweezers and optical torque from the microscale to the nanoscale.Research on optical forces helps to reveal the nature of light–matter interactions and to resolve the fundamental aspects,which require an appropriate description of momenta and the forces on objects in matter.In this review,starting from basic theories and computational approaches,we highlight the latest optical trapping configurations and their applications in bioscience,as well as recent advances down to the nanoscale.Finally,we discuss the future prospects of nanomanipulation,which has considerable potential applications in a variety of scientific fields and everyday life.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61701141,61731010)National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore(CRP award NRFCRP15–2015-03).
文摘Fourier transform, mapping the information in one domain to its reciprocal space, isof fundamental significance in real-time and parallel processing of massive data forsound and image manipulation. As a powerful platform of high-efficiency wavecontrol, Huygens’ metasurface may offer to bridge the electromagnetic signalprocessing and analog Fourier transform at the hardware level and with remarkablyimproved performance. We here demonstrate a Huygens’ metasurface hologram,where the image pattern can be self-rotated or projected in free space bymodulating the phase distribution based on the rotational invariance, time-shiftingand scaling properties of Fourier transform. Our proof-of-concept experiment showshigh-efficiency imaging operation in accordance with theoretical predictions,validating the proposed scheme as an ideal way to perform largely parallel spatialdomainmathematical operations in the analog domain using electromagnetic fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(61771172,61571155,61401122)Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves(K201828)
文摘Polarization manipulation is a significant issue for artificial modulation of the electromagnetic(EM) wave, but general mechanisms all suffer the restriction of inherent symmetric properties between opposite handedness.Herein, a strategy to independently and arbitrarily manipulate the EM wave with orthogonal circular polarizations based on a metasurface is proposed, which effectually breaks through traditional symmetrical characteristics between orthogonal handedness. By synthesizing the propagation phase and geometric phase, the appropriate Jones matrix is calculated to obtain independent wavefront manipulation of EM waves with opposite circular polarizations. Two transmissive ultra-thin meta-deflectors are proposed to demonstrate the asymmetrical refraction of transmitted circularly polarized waves in the microwave region. Simulated transmitted phase front and measured far-field intensity distributions are in excellent agreement, indicating that the transmitted wave with different polarizations can be refracted into arbitrary and independent directions within a wide frequency band(relative bandwidth of 25%). The results presented in this paper provide more freedom for the manipulation of EM waves, and motivate the realizations of various polarization-independent properties for all frequency spectra.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.T2222009 to H.L.,grant no.32227802 to L.C.,grant no.81925022 to L.C.,grant no.92054301 to L.C.,grant no.62305083 to W.Z.,grant no.12174208 to P.L.,grant no.32301257 to S.Z.,grant no.32222022 to Y.J.,grant no.32071458 to H.M.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2022YFC3400600 to L.C.)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(grant no.YQ2021F013 to H.L.)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(grant no.Z20J00059 to L.C.)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(grant no.2020B0301030009 to P.L.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.2023T160163 to W.Z.,grant no.2022M720971 to W.Z.)the Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant no.LBH-Z22027 to W.Z.).L.C.acknowledges support from the High-performance Computing Platform of Peking University。
文摘In fluorescence microscopy,computational algorithms have been developed to suppress noise,enhance contrast,and even enable super-resolution(SR).However,the local quality of the images may vary on multiple scales,and these differences can lead to misconceptions.Current mapping methods fail to finely estimate the local quality,challenging to associate the SR scale content.Here,we develop a rolling Fourier ring correlation(rFRC)method to evaluate the reconstruction uncertainties down to SR scale.To visually pinpoint regions with low reliability,a filtered rFRC is combined with a modified resolution-scaled error map(RSM),offering a comprehensive and concise map for further examination.We demonstrate their performances on various SR imaging modalities,and the resulting quantitative maps enable better SR images integrated from different reconstructions.Overall,we expect that our framework can become a routinely used tool for biologists in assessing their image datasets in general and inspire further advances in the rapidly developing field of computational imaging.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(YQ2021F004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61871152 and 62171153).
文摘In this paper, a novel strategy based on a metasurface composed of simple and compactunit cells to achieve ultra-high-speed trigonometric operations under specificinput values is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated. An electromagneticwave (EM)-based optical diffractive neural network with only one hidden layer isphysically built to perform four trigonometric operations (sine, cosine, tangent, andcotangent functions). Under the unique composite input mode strategy, the designedoptical trigonometric operator responds to incident light source modes that representdifferent trigonometric operations and input values (within one period), and generatescorrect and clear calculated results in the output layer. Such a wave-based operationis implemented with specific input values, and the proposed concept work may offerbreakthrough inspiration to achieve integrable optical computing devices and photonicsignal processors with ultra-fast running speeds.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (YQ2021F004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871152, 62171153)。
文摘In this paper, we design and demonstrate a compact logic operator based on a single-layer metasurface at microwave frequency. By mapping the nodes in the trained fully connected neural network(FCNN) to the specific unit cells with phase control function of the metasurface, a logic operator with only one hidden layer is physically realized. When the incident wave illuminates specific operating regions of the metasurface, corresponding unit cells are activated and can scatter the incident wave to two designated zones containing logical information in the output layer. The proposed metasurface logic operator is experimentally verified to achieve three basic logic operations(NOT, OR, and AND) under different input signals. Our design shows great application potential in compact optical systems, low-power consumption information transmission, and ultrafast wave-based full signal processing.
