Hepatitis B virus(HBV)establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks,driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma....Hepatitis B virus(HBV)establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks,driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Mechanistically,HBV reprograms core metabolic pathways,including glycolysis,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,oxidative phosphorylation,and lipid homeostasis,to fuel its replication machinery and evade immune surveillance.This review systematically synthesizes current evidence on HBV-induced glucose/lipid metabolic rewiring,with particular emphasis on how viral-host crosstalk at the metabolic interface sustains viral pathogenesis.展开更多
Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are linked to numerous chronic conditions,including cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,chronic kidney disease,and type II diabetes.Previou...Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are linked to numerous chronic conditions,including cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,chronic kidney disease,and type II diabetes.Previous research identified the natural flavonoid diosmin,derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium,as a regulator of glucose metabolism.However,its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms remained unexplored.The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway serves a critical function in glucose and lipid metabolism.The relationship between diosmin and the AMPK pathway has not been previously documented.This investigation examined diosmin's capacity to reduce lipid content through AMPK pathway activation in hepatoblastoma cell line G2(HepG2)and 3T3-L1 cells.The study revealed that diosmin inhibits lipogenesis,indicating its potential as an anti-obesity agent in obese mice.Moreover,diosmin demonstrated effective MASLD alleviation in vivo.These findings suggest that diosmin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and MASLD.展开更多
The shuttle effect of polysulfides is a major challenge for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery.The systematic modification of separators has the potential to solve these problems by enhancing the adsorpti...The shuttle effect of polysulfides is a major challenge for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery.The systematic modification of separators has the potential to solve these problems by enhancing the adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides.Herein,strong internal electric field bismuth oxycarbonate(Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3))nanoflowers decorated conductive carbon(DC+BOC)is proposed to be systematically modified on separator.This intermediate layer not only possesses a strong affinity for polysulfides,but also promotes the conversion of polysulfides and induces the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,thereby improving the rate performance and cycling stability of the battery.As expected,the modified membrane achieved a high specific capacity of 713 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C.At 1 C,high reversibility of 719 mA h g^(-1) was achieved after 550 cycles with only 0.044%decay per cycle.More importantly,under the sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm^(-2),the area specific capacity remained at4.1 mA h cm^(-2) after 200 cycles,and the attenuation rate per cycle was only 0,056%.This work provides a new strategy to overcome the shuttle effect of polysulfide,and shows great potential in the application of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.展开更多
Mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes m TOR complex(m TORC) 1 and m TORC2. The m TOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection-induc...Mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes m TOR complex(m TORC) 1 and m TORC2. The m TOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection-induced hepatitis.Currently, chronic HBV infection remains one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of effective therapeutic strategies for HBV suggests that clarification of the pathogenesis of HBV infection is urgently required. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV infection can activate the m TOR pathway, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the m TOR pathway to benefit its own replication. Therefore, the m TOR signaling pathway might be a crucial target for controlling HBV infection. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest findings from model biology research regarding the interaction between the m TOR signaling pathway and HBV replication.展开更多
The conserved DNA damage repair complex,MMS21-SMC5/6(Methyl methane sulfonate 21-Structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6),has been extensively studied in yeast,animals,and plants.However,its role in phytopathogenic ...The conserved DNA damage repair complex,MMS21-SMC5/6(Methyl methane sulfonate 21-Structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6),has been extensively studied in yeast,animals,and plants.However,its role in phytopathogenic fungi,particularly in the highly destructive rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,remains unknown.In this study,we functionally characterized the homologues of this complex,MoMMS21 and MoSMC5,in M.oryzae.We first demonstrated the importance of DNA damage repair in M.oryzae by showing that the DNA damage inducer phleomycin inhibited vegetative growth,infection-related development and pathogenicity in this fungus.Additionally,we discovered that MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 interacted in the nuclei,suggesting that they also function as a complex in M.oryzae.Gene deletion experiments revealed that both MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 are required for infection-related development and pathogenicity in M.oryzae,while only MoMMS21 deletion affected growth and sensitivity to phleomycin,indicating its specific involvement in DNA damage repair.Overall,our results provide insights into the roles of MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 in M.oryzae,highlighting their functions beyond DNA damage repair.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)produces and releases various particle types,including complete virions,subviral particles with envelope proteins,and naked capsids.Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits distinct intracell...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)produces and releases various particle types,including complete virions,subviral particles with envelope proteins,and naked capsids.Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits distinct intracellular membrane trafficking pathways,including the endosomal vesicle trafficking and autophagy pathway,to assemble and release viral and subviral particles.Herein,we summarize the findings about the distinct roles of autophagy and endosomal membrane trafficking and the interaction of both pathways in HBV replication,assembly,and release.展开更多
Dear Editor,With an estimated 240 million chronically infected people worldwide,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health problem(Schweitzer et al.,2015).Despite more than 30 years of in tense research,...Dear Editor,With an estimated 240 million chronically infected people worldwide,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health problem(Schweitzer et al.,2015).Despite more than 30 years of in tense research,many aspects of the HBV life cycle still remain unknown.展开更多
Recently,the development of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)offers a potential approach for fighting bacteria and treating infectious diseases,in which those CDT nanoagents can catalyze the generation of hydroxyl radicals(&#...Recently,the development of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)offers a potential approach for fighting bacteria and treating infectious diseases,in which those CDT nanoagents can catalyze the generation of hydroxyl radicals(·OH)to destroy bacteria.In this work,to improve the efficiency of CDT,we have designed a new kind of metformin(Met)-capped two-dimensional Cu_(2)(OH)_(3)Cl nanosheets(CuOHCl-Met NSs)with good monodispersity,highly positive charge,and good biocompatibility for improving antibacterial effect and accelerating wound healing.With the capped Met,CuOHCl-Met NSs can effectively kill bacteria under a low concentration(6μg·mL^(−1))and a short treatment time(in 15 min),showing great advantages over the counterpart without Met.In vivo results demonstrated that CuOHCl-Met NSs accelerated the tissue regeneration of staphylococcus aureus-infected dermal wounds.This study provides a new pathway for improving efficiency of CDT nanoagent through using old drug.展开更多
Main observation and conclusion In this paper,a series of ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the oxidation of chemical passivated silicon(100)surface,which was terminated with different n-alk...Main observation and conclusion In this paper,a series of ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the oxidation of chemical passivated silicon(100)surface,which was terminated with different n-alkyl chains.The simulated results showed that the oxidant species diffuse into Si substrate through peroxy-like structures during the oxidation process.During the oxidation process,the Si-alkyl(Si-C)covalent bond was stable and there is no occurrence of decomposition of the n-alkyl chains.In addition,the existence of n-alkyl monolayers on silicon surface did not change the initial reaction pathway of the oxidation process.The simulations indicated that the chemical passivation mechanism includes two parts,one is about the Si-C covalent bond occupying the active site of the reaction on Si(100)surface,and the other is about the oxygen penetrating Si-alkyl layers.The simulations also indicated that the chemical passivation of Si-alkyl is better for longer alkyl chains,which is consistent with the experimental observation.Our results have investigated the oxidation of chemical passivated silicon(100)surface at the atom level,which is helpful to comprehend the manufacture of semiconductor devices like metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)devices in the experiments.展开更多
Photothermal agents(PTAs)with ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)activated upon near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation can heat up and destroy tumor cells under low-intensity laser excitation to allow safe...Photothermal agents(PTAs)with ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)activated upon near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation can heat up and destroy tumor cells under low-intensity laser excitation to allow safe and efficient tumor therapy.Herein,an organic PTA with an outstanding PCE of 89.6%is developed from rationally designed perylene diimide(PDI)with electron-donating cyclohexylamine moiety at the bay-positions of its skeleton and chiral phenethylamine(PEA)moiety at its N terminals,termed here PEAPDI.The strong intermolecular interaction between the PDI skeletons induced by PEA together with the intramolecular charge transfer from cyclohexylamine to PDI skeleton severely quenches the fluorescence emission from PEAPDI and significantly enhances its NIR absorption,resulting in super NIR–photothermal conversion.PEAPDI molecules are subsequently encapsulated within silica nanocapsules(SNCs),creating PEAPDI@SNC.Characterized by its small hydrodynamic diameter,monodispersity,high PDI encapsulation efficiency,colloidal stability,and biocompatibility,PEAPDI@SNC exhibits prolonged blood circulation and enhanced permeability and retention effect,enabling targeted accumulation at the tumor site.An in vivo study using a 4T1 tumor–bearing mice model illustrates the agent’s potent tumor ablation capability without side effects at low dosage under NIR laser irradiation(808 nm).The findings demonstrate PEAPDI@SNC’s significant potential as a PTA for tumor treatment.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202497)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC2306800)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2024-00129).
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)establishes chronic infection through strategic manipulation of host metabolic networks,driving a spectrum of hepatic pathologies ranging from hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Mechanistically,HBV reprograms core metabolic pathways,including glycolysis,tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,oxidative phosphorylation,and lipid homeostasis,to fuel its replication machinery and evade immune surveillance.This review systematically synthesizes current evidence on HBV-induced glucose/lipid metabolic rewiring,with particular emphasis on how viral-host crosstalk at the metabolic interface sustains viral pathogenesis.
基金supported by the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Jiangsu Province(No.JSSCTD202133).
文摘Obesity and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)are linked to numerous chronic conditions,including cardiovascular disease,atherosclerosis,chronic kidney disease,and type II diabetes.Previous research identified the natural flavonoid diosmin,derived from Chrysanthemum morifolium,as a regulator of glucose metabolism.However,its effects on lipid metabolism and underlying mechanisms remained unexplored.The AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)pathway serves a critical function in glucose and lipid metabolism.The relationship between diosmin and the AMPK pathway has not been previously documented.This investigation examined diosmin's capacity to reduce lipid content through AMPK pathway activation in hepatoblastoma cell line G2(HepG2)and 3T3-L1 cells.The study revealed that diosmin inhibits lipogenesis,indicating its potential as an anti-obesity agent in obese mice.Moreover,diosmin demonstrated effective MASLD alleviation in vivo.These findings suggest that diosmin may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for treating obesity and MASLD.
基金financially sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872208 and 52072273)the Zhejiang Provincial Special Support Program for High-level Talents(2019R52042)。
文摘The shuttle effect of polysulfides is a major challenge for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur battery.The systematic modification of separators has the potential to solve these problems by enhancing the adsorption and catalytic conversion of polysulfides.Herein,strong internal electric field bismuth oxycarbonate(Bi_(2)O_(2)CO_(3))nanoflowers decorated conductive carbon(DC+BOC)is proposed to be systematically modified on separator.This intermediate layer not only possesses a strong affinity for polysulfides,but also promotes the conversion of polysulfides and induces the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer,thereby improving the rate performance and cycling stability of the battery.As expected,the modified membrane achieved a high specific capacity of 713 mA h g^(-1) at 5 C.At 1 C,high reversibility of 719 mA h g^(-1) was achieved after 550 cycles with only 0.044%decay per cycle.More importantly,under the sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm^(-2),the area specific capacity remained at4.1 mA h cm^(-2) after 200 cycles,and the attenuation rate per cycle was only 0,056%.This work provides a new strategy to overcome the shuttle effect of polysulfide,and shows great potential in the application of high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
基金This work was supported by a scholarship from the Medical Faculty of University Duisburg-Essenthe Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2018CFA031)+1 种基金Hubei Province’s Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81974079)the Key R&D Program of Hunan province(No.2020SK30291)。
文摘Mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a conserved Ser/Thr kinase that includes m TOR complex(m TORC) 1 and m TORC2. The m TOR pathway is activated in viral hepatitis, including hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection-induced hepatitis.Currently, chronic HBV infection remains one of the most serious public health issues worldwide. The unavailability of effective therapeutic strategies for HBV suggests that clarification of the pathogenesis of HBV infection is urgently required. Increasing evidence has shown that HBV infection can activate the m TOR pathway, indicating that HBV utilizes or hijacks the m TOR pathway to benefit its own replication. Therefore, the m TOR signaling pathway might be a crucial target for controlling HBV infection. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest findings from model biology research regarding the interaction between the m TOR signaling pathway and HBV replication.
基金Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1400200)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2022J01125)+2 种基金the Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests,China(MIMCP-202301)the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Key Project,China(2022NZ030014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC31871914).
文摘The conserved DNA damage repair complex,MMS21-SMC5/6(Methyl methane sulfonate 21-Structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6),has been extensively studied in yeast,animals,and plants.However,its role in phytopathogenic fungi,particularly in the highly destructive rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae,remains unknown.In this study,we functionally characterized the homologues of this complex,MoMMS21 and MoSMC5,in M.oryzae.We first demonstrated the importance of DNA damage repair in M.oryzae by showing that the DNA damage inducer phleomycin inhibited vegetative growth,infection-related development and pathogenicity in this fungus.Additionally,we discovered that MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 interacted in the nuclei,suggesting that they also function as a complex in M.oryzae.Gene deletion experiments revealed that both MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 are required for infection-related development and pathogenicity in M.oryzae,while only MoMMS21 deletion affected growth and sensitivity to phleomycin,indicating its specific involvement in DNA damage repair.Overall,our results provide insights into the roles of MoMMS21 and MoSMC5 in M.oryzae,highlighting their functions beyond DNA damage repair.
基金supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(RTG1949/2)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202497).
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)produces and releases various particle types,including complete virions,subviral particles with envelope proteins,and naked capsids.Recent studies demonstrate that HBV exploits distinct intracellular membrane trafficking pathways,including the endosomal vesicle trafficking and autophagy pathway,to assemble and release viral and subviral particles.Herein,we summarize the findings about the distinct roles of autophagy and endosomal membrane trafficking and the interaction of both pathways in HBV replication,assembly,and release.
文摘Dear Editor,With an estimated 240 million chronically infected people worldwide,hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a major public health problem(Schweitzer et al.,2015).Despite more than 30 years of in tense research,many aspects of the HBV life cycle still remain unknown.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82072065 and 81471784)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16021103)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(E2EG6802X2 and E2E46801)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82072065 and 81471784).
文摘Recently,the development of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)offers a potential approach for fighting bacteria and treating infectious diseases,in which those CDT nanoagents can catalyze the generation of hydroxyl radicals(·OH)to destroy bacteria.In this work,to improve the efficiency of CDT,we have designed a new kind of metformin(Met)-capped two-dimensional Cu_(2)(OH)_(3)Cl nanosheets(CuOHCl-Met NSs)with good monodispersity,highly positive charge,and good biocompatibility for improving antibacterial effect and accelerating wound healing.With the capped Met,CuOHCl-Met NSs can effectively kill bacteria under a low concentration(6μg·mL^(−1))and a short treatment time(in 15 min),showing great advantages over the counterpart without Met.In vivo results demonstrated that CuOHCl-Met NSs accelerated the tissue regeneration of staphylococcus aureus-infected dermal wounds.This study provides a new pathway for improving efficiency of CDT nanoagent through using old drug.
基金The authors are grateful for funding from the Youth Innovation Group of Shandong University(No.2020QNQT018).
文摘Main observation and conclusion In this paper,a series of ReaxFF molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the oxidation of chemical passivated silicon(100)surface,which was terminated with different n-alkyl chains.The simulated results showed that the oxidant species diffuse into Si substrate through peroxy-like structures during the oxidation process.During the oxidation process,the Si-alkyl(Si-C)covalent bond was stable and there is no occurrence of decomposition of the n-alkyl chains.In addition,the existence of n-alkyl monolayers on silicon surface did not change the initial reaction pathway of the oxidation process.The simulations indicated that the chemical passivation mechanism includes two parts,one is about the Si-C covalent bond occupying the active site of the reaction on Si(100)surface,and the other is about the oxygen penetrating Si-alkyl layers.The simulations also indicated that the chemical passivation of Si-alkyl is better for longer alkyl chains,which is consistent with the experimental observation.Our results have investigated the oxidation of chemical passivated silicon(100)surface at the atom level,which is helpful to comprehend the manufacture of semiconductor devices like metal-oxide-semiconductor(MOS)devices in the experiments.
文摘Photothermal agents(PTAs)with ultra-high photothermal conversion efficiency(PCE)activated upon near-infrared(NIR)laser irradiation can heat up and destroy tumor cells under low-intensity laser excitation to allow safe and efficient tumor therapy.Herein,an organic PTA with an outstanding PCE of 89.6%is developed from rationally designed perylene diimide(PDI)with electron-donating cyclohexylamine moiety at the bay-positions of its skeleton and chiral phenethylamine(PEA)moiety at its N terminals,termed here PEAPDI.The strong intermolecular interaction between the PDI skeletons induced by PEA together with the intramolecular charge transfer from cyclohexylamine to PDI skeleton severely quenches the fluorescence emission from PEAPDI and significantly enhances its NIR absorption,resulting in super NIR–photothermal conversion.PEAPDI molecules are subsequently encapsulated within silica nanocapsules(SNCs),creating PEAPDI@SNC.Characterized by its small hydrodynamic diameter,monodispersity,high PDI encapsulation efficiency,colloidal stability,and biocompatibility,PEAPDI@SNC exhibits prolonged blood circulation and enhanced permeability and retention effect,enabling targeted accumulation at the tumor site.An in vivo study using a 4T1 tumor–bearing mice model illustrates the agent’s potent tumor ablation capability without side effects at low dosage under NIR laser irradiation(808 nm).The findings demonstrate PEAPDI@SNC’s significant potential as a PTA for tumor treatment.
