The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions a...The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)has emerged as a promising treatment for cancers,offering a unique approach to selectively target tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues.Despite its clinical utility,the widesprea...Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)has emerged as a promising treatment for cancers,offering a unique approach to selectively target tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues.Despite its clinical utility,the widespread use of fructose-BPA(F-BPA)has been hampered by its limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and potential risks for patients with certain complications such as diabetes,hyperuricemia,and gout,particularly with substantial dosages.Herein,a series of novel BPA derivatives were synthesized.After the primary screening,geniposide-BPA(G-BPA)and salidroside-BPA(S-BPA)exhibited high water solubility,low cytotoxicity and safe profiles for intravenous injection.Furthermore,both G-BPA and S-BPA had demonstrated superior efficacy in vitro against the 4T1 cell line compared with F-BPA.Notably,S-BPA displayed optimal BBB penetration capability,as evidenced by in vitro BBB models and glioblastoma models in vivo,surpassing all other BPA derivative candidates.Meanwhile,GBPA also exhibited enhanced performance relative to the clinical drug F-BPA.In brief,G-BPA and S-BPA,as novel BPA derivatives,demonstrated notable safety profiles and remarkable boron delivery capabilities,thereby offering promising therapeutic options for BNCT in the clinic.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular e...Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)were cultured in vitro and cells were incubated with a final concentration of 25,50,and 100 mM high glucose for 24 h.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay;cells were treated with a final concentration of 50 mM high glucose for 6,8,12,24,48,and 72 h,and the degree of cell damage by high glucose at different time points was detected.Cells were treated with final concentrations of 25,50,and 100 mM glucose for 24 h.Tisp40 protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Tisp40 mRNA expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).To observe the effect of high glucose on Tisp40/Smads signaling proteins,the Tisp40 cells were divided into six groups:(1)the normal control group;(2)the 25 mM high glucose group;(3)50 mM high glucose group;(4)100 mM high glucose group;(5)Tisp40-positive control group;(6)Tisp40-stimulated group(100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40),and the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 protein(p-Smad2)was detected by immunoblotting(Western blot).Results:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HKC cells decreased significantly with the increase of high glucose staining dose and time(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.ELISA results showed that the expression of Tisp40 protein was elevated to 44.3,63.7,and 82.6μg/ml after 24 h of high glucose action on HKC cells and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner.RT-PCR showed that the expression level of Tisp40 mRNA increased significantly with increasing glucose concentration,which was 2.75,5.42 and 9.67 times higher than that of the control group,respectively,and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).The Western blot showed that the expression level of p-Smad2 protein increased significantly after 24h of glucose action in the cells at concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mM glucose(P<0.05),and the amount of p-Smad2 protein reached the maximum under the co-stimulation of 100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40 given to the cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Tisp40 and p-Smad2 was involved in the process of high glucose-induced HKC cell injury and Tisp40-induced high expression of Smads proteins played an important role in high glucose-induced renal fibrosis.展开更多
Earth’s magnetopause is a thin boundary separating the shocked solar wind plasma from the magnetospheric plasmas,and it is also the boundary of the solar wind energy transport to the magnetosphere.Soft X-ray imaging ...Earth’s magnetopause is a thin boundary separating the shocked solar wind plasma from the magnetospheric plasmas,and it is also the boundary of the solar wind energy transport to the magnetosphere.Soft X-ray imaging allows investigation of the large-scale magnetopause by providing a two-dimensional(2-D)global view from a satellite.By performing 3-D global hybrid-particle-in-cell(hybrid-PIC)simulations,we obtain soft X-ray images of Earth’s magnetopause under different solar wind conditions,such as different plasma densities and directions of the southward interplanetary magnetic field.In all cases,magnetic reconnection occurs at low latitude magnetopause.The soft X-ray images observed by a hypothetical satellite are shown,with all of the following identified:the boundary of the magnetopause,the cusps,and the magnetosheath.Local X-ray emissivity in the magnetosheath is characterized by large amplitude fluctuations(up to 160%);however,the maximum line-of-sight-integrated X-ray intensity matches the tangent directions of the magnetopause well,indicating that these fluctuations have limited impact on identifying the magnetopause boundary in the X-ray images.Moreover,the magnetopause boundary can be identified using multiple viewing geometries.We also find that solar wind conditions have little effect on the magnetopause identification.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will provide X-ray images of the magnetopause for the first time,and our global hybrid-PIC simulation results can help better understand the 2-D X-ray images of the magnetopause from a 3-D perspective,with particle kinetic effects considered.展开更多
This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China's divorce rate with the panel data of 31Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011.The study manifests as follows.First,the significant influ...This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China's divorce rate with the panel data of 31Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011.The study manifests as follows.First,the significant influence of urbanization cannot be observed on the rising breakdown since the latter is not the inevitable result of the former.In the second place,unemployment rate has a significant negative influence on divorce rate,namely,with the former increasing,the latter will decrease,which echoes the perspective of divorce cost.And finally,this paper also finds positive effects of per capita fixed investment,old-age dependency rate,average household size,the proportion of floating population and population density,and negative correlation of average education attainment on divorce rate.展开更多
The AP2/ERF family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors and plays a vital role in plant growth and stress response.In this study,PsnERF138 was cloned from Populus alba×Populus glandulosa and...The AP2/ERF family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors and plays a vital role in plant growth and stress response.In this study,PsnERF138 was cloned from Populus alba×Populus glandulosa and transformed into tobacco using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method.PsnERF138 was localized in the nucleus through subcellular localization assay in tobacco.Under normal conditions,the root lengths of PsnERF138 transgenic lines were much longer than those of wild type.Under salt stress,the transgenic tobacco lines over-expressing PsnERF138 showed a significant increase in seed germination rate,plant height,and root length,compared to control plants.In addition,the transgenic tobacco lines displayed some advantages at the physiological level,such as higher superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,proline content,and lower malondialdehyde(MDA)content,as compared to those in the control plants.Histochemical staining also showed that the transgenic tobacco lines had lower reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,compared to control plants under salt stress.The combined results indicate that poplar PsnERF138 plays a contributing role in augmenting salt tolerance and conferring multiple growth advantages as being overexpressed in tobacco.展开更多
The signals from the maternal environment play pivotal roles in regulating fetal neurodevelopment.Postnatal enriched environment(EE) exposure promotes neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.However,the roles of prenatal EE...The signals from the maternal environment play pivotal roles in regulating fetal neurodevelopment.Postnatal enriched environment(EE) exposure promotes neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.However,the roles of prenatal EE on fetal neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.This study shows that prenatal EE exposure promotes neuronal development and regulates the expression of neurodevelopmental genes in fetal mice.The prenatal EE altered the maternal microbiota and enhanced the Lactobacillus levels in the maternal mice.It also significantly elevated indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a metabolite produced by Lactobacillus,in both the maternal serum and fetal brains.IPA promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells(e NPCs) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)-Src-Erk1/2 pathway in vitro and in vivo.Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri and IPA to pregnant mice also enhanced embryonic neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.Collectively,our study has revealed the essential function and underlying mechanisms of prenatal EE in regulating fetal neurodevelopment.展开更多
Inspired by the intricate eukaryotic cell structure,the spontaneously assembling multicompartments capable of spatiotemporally regulated biomacromolecules transportation is still a challenge.Here,a heterogeneous prote...Inspired by the intricate eukaryotic cell structure,the spontaneously assembling multicompartments capable of spatiotemporally regulated biomacromolecules transportation is still a challenge.Here,a heterogeneous proteinosome-based multicompartment was designed and constructed by combining aqueous two-phase system and Pickering emulsion methods.By loading PEGylated insulin with boronic acid group into the multicompartment and glucose oxidase(GOx)into the innermost microgel domain,a short-or long-term transportation pathway of the loaded insulin was constructed by responding to the concentration of glucose.Moreover,the diminution of dynamic boronic ester bonding,the hindrance of polyethylene oxide micro-chamber,electrostatic interaction and the swelling behavior of hydrogel triggered by GOx/glucose reaction resulted in spatiotemporally controlled multi-pathway transportation mode with the releasing of insulin loaded inside the innermost microgel at high concentration of glucose(10 mg·mL^(-1)).Specially,by incorporating rhodamine B and fluorescein labelled BSA into the multicompartment,the release procedure of the loaded insulin can be monitored by the fluorescence color-change.Overall,a multimode microcompartment is constructed which is then expected to provide a promising platform for further therapeutic protein,gene and drug delivery,as well as towards the design of complicated cell biomimetics.展开更多
Integrated battery chargers are highly effective for saving costs and improving the power density of on-board chargers in electric vehicles (EVs), However, achieving torque elimination of the commonly used three-phase...Integrated battery chargers are highly effective for saving costs and improving the power density of on-board chargers in electric vehicles (EVs), However, achieving torque elimination of the commonly used three-phase (3p) motors during the fast-charging process is challenging. In this paper, the general torque cancelation law applied in 3p permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) is derived to design high power density integrated fast battery chargers. Two novel integrated systems with fast-charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities are proposed based on this law. The main advantages of the proposed systems are: (1) Two filter inductors are constituted by the stator windings while charging, and only one external inductor and several contactors are supplemented to the motor-drive circuit. Therefore, the proposed integrated systems possess high power density;(2) The 3p open-winding (OW) motor is employed, with no need to modify the propulsion system or redesign the interior structure of the motor;(3) Employing an individual controller for each phase of the inner current loop control, the proposed systems realize unity power factors and low current harmonics in the fast-charging and V2G mode. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed topologies and control strategies.展开更多
Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)has shown significant potential as a drug or drug delivery system owing to their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties.Nevertheless,the actualization of their potential is im...Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)has shown significant potential as a drug or drug delivery system owing to their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties.Nevertheless,the actualization of their potential is impeded by inherent constraints,including their considerable size,heightened immunogenicity and compromised biosafety.Conquering these obstacles and pursuing more effective solutions remains a top priority.Similar to extracellular vesicles,bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)have demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications.OMVs from PSB encapsulate a rich array of bioactive constituents,including proteins,nucleic acids,and lipids inherited from their parent cells.Consequently,they emerge as a promising and practical alternative.Unfortunately,OMVs have suffered from low yield and inconsistent particle sizes.In response,bacteria-derived nanovesicles(BNVs),created through controlled extrusion,adeptly overcome the challenges associated with OMVs.However,the differences,both in composition and subsequent biological effects,between OMVs and BNVs remain enigmatic.In a groundbreaking endeavor,our study meticulously cultivates PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs,dissecting their nuances.Despite minimal differences in morphology and size between PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs,the latter contains a higher concentration of active ingredients and metabolites.Particularly noteworthy is the elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC)found in BNVs,known for its ability to enhance cell proliferation and initiate downstream signaling pathways that promote angiogenesis and epithelialization.Importantly,our results indicate that BNVs can accelerate wound closure more effectively by orchestrating a harmonious balance of cell proliferation and migration within NIH-3T3 cells,while also activating the EGFR/AKT/PI3K pathway.In contrast,OMVs have a pronounced aptitude in anti-cancer efforts,driving macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines.Thus,our findings not only provide a promising methodological framework but also establish a definitive criterion for discerning the optimal application of OMVs and BNVs in addressing a wide range of medical conditions.展开更多
The blocking of the immune checkpoint pathway with antibodies,especially targeting to programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1)pathway,was currently a widely used treatment strategy in clinical practice...The blocking of the immune checkpoint pathway with antibodies,especially targeting to programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1)pathway,was currently a widely used treatment strategy in clinical practice.However,the shortcomings of PD-L1 antibodies were constantly exposed with the deepening of its research and their therapeutic effect was limited by the translocation and redistribution of intracellular PD-L1.Herein,we proposed to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy by using liposomes-coated CaO_(2)(CaO_(2)@Lipo)nanoparticles to inhibit the de novo biosynthesis of PD-L1.CaO_(2)@Lipo would produce oxygen and reduce hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)level,which then downregulated the expression of PD-L1.Our in vitro and in vivo results have confirmed CaO_(2)@Lipo promoted the degradation of HIF-1αand then downregulated the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells for avoiding immune escape.Furthermore,to mimicking the clinical protocol of anti-PD-L1 antibodies+chemo-drugs,CaO_(2)@Lipo was combined with doxorubicin(DOX)to investigate the tumor inhibition efficiency.We found CaO_(2)@Lipo enhanced DOX-induced immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect,which then promoted the infiltration of T cells,strengthened the blocking effect,thus provided an effective means to overcome the traditional immune checkpoint blockade treatment.展开更多
On-chip quantum information network requires qubit transfer between different wavelengths while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement,which requires the availability of broadband upconversion.Herein,we demonst...On-chip quantum information network requires qubit transfer between different wavelengths while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement,which requires the availability of broadband upconversion.Herein,we demonstrate a mode-hybridization-based broadband nonlinear frequency conversion on X-cut thin film lithium niobate.With the spontaneous quasi-phase matching and quasi-group-velocity matching being simultaneously satisfied,broadband second-harmonic generation with a 3-dB bandwidth up to 13 nm has been achieved in a micro-racetrack resonator.The same mechanism can work on the frequency conversion of the ultrashort pulse in the bent waveguide structure.This work will be beneficial to on-chip tunable frequency conversion and quantum light source generation on integrated photonic platforms and further enable on-chip large-capacity multiplexing,multichannel optical information processing,and large quantum information networks.展开更多
文摘The complex morphological,anatomical,physiological,and chemical mechanisms within the aging brain have been the hot topic of research for centuries.The aging process alters the brain structure that affects functions and cognitions,but the worsening of such processes contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease.Beyond these observable,mild morphological shifts,significant functional modifications in neurotransmission and neuronal activity critically influence the aging brain.Understanding these changes is important for maintaining cognitive health,especially given the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions that affect cognition.This review aims to explore the age-induced changes in brain plasticity and molecular processes,differentiating normal aging from the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease,thereby providing insights into predicting the risk of dementia,particularly Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120065)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82202339,32271420,82202307)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022M711527,2021M701640)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2021201038)National High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan(No.G2022003007L)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2023201108).
文摘Boron neutron capture therapy(BNCT)has emerged as a promising treatment for cancers,offering a unique approach to selectively target tumor cells while sparing healthy tissues.Despite its clinical utility,the widespread use of fructose-BPA(F-BPA)has been hampered by its limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier(BBB)and potential risks for patients with certain complications such as diabetes,hyperuricemia,and gout,particularly with substantial dosages.Herein,a series of novel BPA derivatives were synthesized.After the primary screening,geniposide-BPA(G-BPA)and salidroside-BPA(S-BPA)exhibited high water solubility,low cytotoxicity and safe profiles for intravenous injection.Furthermore,both G-BPA and S-BPA had demonstrated superior efficacy in vitro against the 4T1 cell line compared with F-BPA.Notably,S-BPA displayed optimal BBB penetration capability,as evidenced by in vitro BBB models and glioblastoma models in vivo,surpassing all other BPA derivative candidates.Meanwhile,GBPA also exhibited enhanced performance relative to the clinical drug F-BPA.In brief,G-BPA and S-BPA,as novel BPA derivatives,demonstrated notable safety profiles and remarkable boron delivery capabilities,thereby offering promising therapeutic options for BNCT in the clinic.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province of China(Project No.:2024AAC03287)First-class Discipline Incubation Programme of School of Nursing,Ningxia Medical University in 2024(Project No.:NYHLZD202401)。
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of high glucose staining on human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)and to investigate the role of Tisp40/Smad2 protein in diabetes-induced renal fibrosis.Methods:Human renal tubular epithelial cells(HKC)were cultured in vitro and cells were incubated with a final concentration of 25,50,and 100 mM high glucose for 24 h.The cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay;cells were treated with a final concentration of 50 mM high glucose for 6,8,12,24,48,and 72 h,and the degree of cell damage by high glucose at different time points was detected.Cells were treated with final concentrations of 25,50,and 100 mM glucose for 24 h.Tisp40 protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and Tisp40 mRNA expression was detected by polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).To observe the effect of high glucose on Tisp40/Smads signaling proteins,the Tisp40 cells were divided into six groups:(1)the normal control group;(2)the 25 mM high glucose group;(3)50 mM high glucose group;(4)100 mM high glucose group;(5)Tisp40-positive control group;(6)Tisp40-stimulated group(100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40),and the expression level of phosphorylated Smad2 protein(p-Smad2)was detected by immunoblotting(Western blot).Results:Compared with the control group,the survival rate of HKC cells decreased significantly with the increase of high glucose staining dose and time(P<0.05)in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.ELISA results showed that the expression of Tisp40 protein was elevated to 44.3,63.7,and 82.6μg/ml after 24 h of high glucose action on HKC cells and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner.RT-PCR showed that the expression level of Tisp40 mRNA increased significantly with increasing glucose concentration,which was 2.75,5.42 and 9.67 times higher than that of the control group,respectively,and the induction was in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).The Western blot showed that the expression level of p-Smad2 protein increased significantly after 24h of glucose action in the cells at concentrations of 25,50 and 100 mM glucose(P<0.05),and the amount of p-Smad2 protein reached the maximum under the co-stimulation of 100 mM high glucose+50 mM Tisp40 given to the cells(P<0.05).Conclusion:Abnormal expression of Tisp40 and p-Smad2 was involved in the process of high glucose-induced HKC cell injury and Tisp40-induced high expression of Smads proteins played an important role in high glucose-induced renal fibrosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC)grants 42074202,42274196Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences grant XDB41000000ISSI-BJ International Team Interaction between magnetic reconnection and turbulence:From the Sun to the Earth。
文摘Earth’s magnetopause is a thin boundary separating the shocked solar wind plasma from the magnetospheric plasmas,and it is also the boundary of the solar wind energy transport to the magnetosphere.Soft X-ray imaging allows investigation of the large-scale magnetopause by providing a two-dimensional(2-D)global view from a satellite.By performing 3-D global hybrid-particle-in-cell(hybrid-PIC)simulations,we obtain soft X-ray images of Earth’s magnetopause under different solar wind conditions,such as different plasma densities and directions of the southward interplanetary magnetic field.In all cases,magnetic reconnection occurs at low latitude magnetopause.The soft X-ray images observed by a hypothetical satellite are shown,with all of the following identified:the boundary of the magnetopause,the cusps,and the magnetosheath.Local X-ray emissivity in the magnetosheath is characterized by large amplitude fluctuations(up to 160%);however,the maximum line-of-sight-integrated X-ray intensity matches the tangent directions of the magnetopause well,indicating that these fluctuations have limited impact on identifying the magnetopause boundary in the X-ray images.Moreover,the magnetopause boundary can be identified using multiple viewing geometries.We also find that solar wind conditions have little effect on the magnetopause identification.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will provide X-ray images of the magnetopause for the first time,and our global hybrid-PIC simulation results can help better understand the 2-D X-ray images of the magnetopause from a 3-D perspective,with particle kinetic effects considered.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number JBK1407001]
文摘This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China's divorce rate with the panel data of 31Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011.The study manifests as follows.First,the significant influence of urbanization cannot be observed on the rising breakdown since the latter is not the inevitable result of the former.In the second place,unemployment rate has a significant negative influence on divorce rate,namely,with the former increasing,the latter will decrease,which echoes the perspective of divorce cost.And finally,this paper also finds positive effects of per capita fixed investment,old-age dependency rate,average household size,the proportion of floating population and population density,and negative correlation of average education attainment on divorce rate.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding(Northeast Forestry University)(201205)the 111 Project(B16010).
文摘The AP2/ERF family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors and plays a vital role in plant growth and stress response.In this study,PsnERF138 was cloned from Populus alba×Populus glandulosa and transformed into tobacco using the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method.PsnERF138 was localized in the nucleus through subcellular localization assay in tobacco.Under normal conditions,the root lengths of PsnERF138 transgenic lines were much longer than those of wild type.Under salt stress,the transgenic tobacco lines over-expressing PsnERF138 showed a significant increase in seed germination rate,plant height,and root length,compared to control plants.In addition,the transgenic tobacco lines displayed some advantages at the physiological level,such as higher superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,peroxidase(POD)activity,proline content,and lower malondialdehyde(MDA)content,as compared to those in the control plants.Histochemical staining also showed that the transgenic tobacco lines had lower reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,compared to control plants under salt stress.The combined results indicate that poplar PsnERF138 plays a contributing role in augmenting salt tolerance and conferring multiple growth advantages as being overexpressed in tobacco.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371182)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LD25H090001)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2023C03018)Central Guiding Fund for Local Science and Technology Development Projects (2023ZY1058)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M762895)。
文摘The signals from the maternal environment play pivotal roles in regulating fetal neurodevelopment.Postnatal enriched environment(EE) exposure promotes neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.However,the roles of prenatal EE on fetal neurodevelopment and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.This study shows that prenatal EE exposure promotes neuronal development and regulates the expression of neurodevelopmental genes in fetal mice.The prenatal EE altered the maternal microbiota and enhanced the Lactobacillus levels in the maternal mice.It also significantly elevated indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a metabolite produced by Lactobacillus,in both the maternal serum and fetal brains.IPA promoted the proliferation and neuronal differentiation of embryonic neural progenitor cells(e NPCs) by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)-Src-Erk1/2 pathway in vitro and in vivo.Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri and IPA to pregnant mice also enhanced embryonic neurogenesis and neurodevelopment.Collectively,our study has revealed the essential function and underlying mechanisms of prenatal EE in regulating fetal neurodevelopment.
基金We thank NSFC(Nos.51873050 and 21871069)for financial support.
文摘Inspired by the intricate eukaryotic cell structure,the spontaneously assembling multicompartments capable of spatiotemporally regulated biomacromolecules transportation is still a challenge.Here,a heterogeneous proteinosome-based multicompartment was designed and constructed by combining aqueous two-phase system and Pickering emulsion methods.By loading PEGylated insulin with boronic acid group into the multicompartment and glucose oxidase(GOx)into the innermost microgel domain,a short-or long-term transportation pathway of the loaded insulin was constructed by responding to the concentration of glucose.Moreover,the diminution of dynamic boronic ester bonding,the hindrance of polyethylene oxide micro-chamber,electrostatic interaction and the swelling behavior of hydrogel triggered by GOx/glucose reaction resulted in spatiotemporally controlled multi-pathway transportation mode with the releasing of insulin loaded inside the innermost microgel at high concentration of glucose(10 mg·mL^(-1)).Specially,by incorporating rhodamine B and fluorescein labelled BSA into the multicompartment,the release procedure of the loaded insulin can be monitored by the fluorescence color-change.Overall,a multimode microcompartment is constructed which is then expected to provide a promising platform for further therapeutic protein,gene and drug delivery,as well as towards the design of complicated cell biomimetics.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Research Team Project(2017B030312001).
文摘Integrated battery chargers are highly effective for saving costs and improving the power density of on-board chargers in electric vehicles (EVs), However, achieving torque elimination of the commonly used three-phase (3p) motors during the fast-charging process is challenging. In this paper, the general torque cancelation law applied in 3p permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and induction motors (IMs) is derived to design high power density integrated fast battery chargers. Two novel integrated systems with fast-charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities are proposed based on this law. The main advantages of the proposed systems are: (1) Two filter inductors are constituted by the stator windings while charging, and only one external inductor and several contactors are supplemented to the motor-drive circuit. Therefore, the proposed integrated systems possess high power density;(2) The 3p open-winding (OW) motor is employed, with no need to modify the propulsion system or redesign the interior structure of the motor;(3) Employing an individual controller for each phase of the inner current loop control, the proposed systems realize unity power factors and low current harmonics in the fast-charging and V2G mode. Simulation and experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed topologies and control strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32322045,32271420,31971304,and 21977024)The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(19JCZDJC64100)+5 种基金Cross-Disciplinary Project of Hebei University(DXK201916)One Hundred Talent Project of Hebei Province(E2018100002)National High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Plan(G2022003007L)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2021201038)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2023201108)Hebei Province Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project(JZX2023001).
文摘Photosynthetic bacteria(PSB)has shown significant potential as a drug or drug delivery system owing to their photothermal capabilities and antioxidant properties.Nevertheless,the actualization of their potential is impeded by inherent constraints,including their considerable size,heightened immunogenicity and compromised biosafety.Conquering these obstacles and pursuing more effective solutions remains a top priority.Similar to extracellular vesicles,bacterial outer membrane vesicles(OMVs)have demonstrated a great potential in biomedical applications.OMVs from PSB encapsulate a rich array of bioactive constituents,including proteins,nucleic acids,and lipids inherited from their parent cells.Consequently,they emerge as a promising and practical alternative.Unfortunately,OMVs have suffered from low yield and inconsistent particle sizes.In response,bacteria-derived nanovesicles(BNVs),created through controlled extrusion,adeptly overcome the challenges associated with OMVs.However,the differences,both in composition and subsequent biological effects,between OMVs and BNVs remain enigmatic.In a groundbreaking endeavor,our study meticulously cultivates PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs,dissecting their nuances.Despite minimal differences in morphology and size between PSB-derived OMVs and BNVs,the latter contains a higher concentration of active ingredients and metabolites.Particularly noteworthy is the elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC)found in BNVs,known for its ability to enhance cell proliferation and initiate downstream signaling pathways that promote angiogenesis and epithelialization.Importantly,our results indicate that BNVs can accelerate wound closure more effectively by orchestrating a harmonious balance of cell proliferation and migration within NIH-3T3 cells,while also activating the EGFR/AKT/PI3K pathway.In contrast,OMVs have a pronounced aptitude in anti-cancer efforts,driving macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and promoting the release of inflammatory cytokines.Thus,our findings not only provide a promising methodological framework but also establish a definitive criterion for discerning the optimal application of OMVs and BNVs in addressing a wide range of medical conditions.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971304,32271420,and 21977024)the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(No.19JCZDJC64100)+3 种基金Cross-disciplinary Project of Hebei University(No.DXK201916)One Hundred Talent Project of Hebei Province(No.E2018100002)Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Nature Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2021201038)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120065).
文摘The blocking of the immune checkpoint pathway with antibodies,especially targeting to programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1(PD-1/PD-L1)pathway,was currently a widely used treatment strategy in clinical practice.However,the shortcomings of PD-L1 antibodies were constantly exposed with the deepening of its research and their therapeutic effect was limited by the translocation and redistribution of intracellular PD-L1.Herein,we proposed to improve immune checkpoint blockade therapy by using liposomes-coated CaO_(2)(CaO_(2)@Lipo)nanoparticles to inhibit the de novo biosynthesis of PD-L1.CaO_(2)@Lipo would produce oxygen and reduce hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)level,which then downregulated the expression of PD-L1.Our in vitro and in vivo results have confirmed CaO_(2)@Lipo promoted the degradation of HIF-1αand then downregulated the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells for avoiding immune escape.Furthermore,to mimicking the clinical protocol of anti-PD-L1 antibodies+chemo-drugs,CaO_(2)@Lipo was combined with doxorubicin(DOX)to investigate the tumor inhibition efficiency.We found CaO_(2)@Lipo enhanced DOX-induced immunogenic cell death(ICD)effect,which then promoted the infiltration of T cells,strengthened the blocking effect,thus provided an effective means to overcome the traditional immune checkpoint blockade treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12134009)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFB2203501)SJTU(Grant No.21X010200828).
文摘On-chip quantum information network requires qubit transfer between different wavelengths while preserving quantum coherence and entanglement,which requires the availability of broadband upconversion.Herein,we demonstrate a mode-hybridization-based broadband nonlinear frequency conversion on X-cut thin film lithium niobate.With the spontaneous quasi-phase matching and quasi-group-velocity matching being simultaneously satisfied,broadband second-harmonic generation with a 3-dB bandwidth up to 13 nm has been achieved in a micro-racetrack resonator.The same mechanism can work on the frequency conversion of the ultrashort pulse in the bent waveguide structure.This work will be beneficial to on-chip tunable frequency conversion and quantum light source generation on integrated photonic platforms and further enable on-chip large-capacity multiplexing,multichannel optical information processing,and large quantum information networks.
