In this study,mung bean liquid(MBL)was prepared by wet milling and then naturally fermented for 0,24,48,72,and 96 h.Afterward,the starch extracted from MBL was analyzed.The pH of MBL decreases from 6.54 to 4.91 during...In this study,mung bean liquid(MBL)was prepared by wet milling and then naturally fermented for 0,24,48,72,and 96 h.Afterward,the starch extracted from MBL was analyzed.The pH of MBL decreases from 6.54 to 4.91 during fermentation.Moreover,the mung bean starch(MBS)granules changed significantly with pitted surfaces,pores and channels.The particle size,molecular weight(Mw)and long chain amylopectin(B2)content of the MBS decreased,whereas the short chain(A)increased from 20.57% to 22.70% with increasing fermentation time.Natural fermentation had no effect on the crystalline type(A)of the MBS but increased the relative crystallinity from 26.53% to 29.23%.However,the intensity ratios of the 995/1022 cm^(-1) and 1047/1022 cm^(-1) FTIR spectra increased with fermentation time,reaching maxima of 0.95 and 0.80 after 48 h,respectively.In addition,Fermented MBS increased the trough viscosity(TV),final viscosity(FV),elastic modulus(G′)and viscous modulus(G″)but decreased the peak viscosity(PV)and breakdown(BD).Thermal properties revealed that fermentation increased the gelatinization enthalpy(ΔH)from 9.49 to 10.26 J/g.展开更多
Since Akira Yoshino first proposed the usage of the carbonaceous materials as an anode of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)in 1985,carbonaceous materials such as graphite and graphene have been widely considered as LIB anod...Since Akira Yoshino first proposed the usage of the carbonaceous materials as an anode of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)in 1985,carbonaceous materials such as graphite and graphene have been widely considered as LIB anodes.Here,we explored the application of novel carbonaceous UB anodes incorporating graphene quantum dots(GQDs).We fabricated a freestanding all-carbon electrode based on a porous carbon nanotube(CNT)sponge via a facile in-situ hydrothermal deposition technique,creating coaxial structure of GQD-coated CNTs(GQD@CNTs)through electrostatic interaction and n-n stacking with tunable loading and functionalization.This hybrid structure combined conductive CNTs with highly active GQDs,in which GQDs with predesigned functional groups provided massive storage sites for Li ions and the 3D CNT frameworks avoided the agglomeration of GQDs,together contributing to a high specific capacity(700 mAh·g^-1 at 100 mA·g^-1 after 100 cycles)and rate performance.Even at a high current density of 1,000 mA·g^-1,the reversible specific capacity remained at 483 mAh g-1 after 350 cycles.In particular,the mechanism study demonstrated the important role of oxygen functional groups of GQDs in promoting the performance of the LIB anodes by controlled grafting of GQDs onto various porous-carbon and metal-foam based structures.展开更多
Transitional metal oxides(TMOs)are important functional materials in silicon-based and thin-film optoelectronics.Here,TMOs areapplied in carbon nanotube(CNT)-Si solar cells by spin-coating solutions of metal chlorides...Transitional metal oxides(TMOs)are important functional materials in silicon-based and thin-film optoelectronics.Here,TMOs areapplied in carbon nanotube(CNT)-Si solar cells by spin-coating solutions of metal chlorides that undergo favorable transformation in ambient conditions.An unconventional change in solar cell behavior is observed after coating two particular chlorides(MoCl,and WCls,respectively),characterized by an initial severe degradation followed by gradual recovery and then well surpassing the original performance.Detailed analysis reveals that the formation of correspondina oxides(MoOa and WO.)enables two primary functions on both CNTs(p-type doping)and Si(inducing inversion layer),leading to significant improvement in open-circuit voltage and fill factor,with power conversion efficiencies up to 13.0%(MoOg)and 13.4%(WOg).Further combining with other chlorides to increase the short-circuit current,ultimate cells efficiencies achieve>16%with over 90%retention after 24 h,which are among the highes stable efficiencies reported for CNT-Si solar cells.The transformation of functional layers as demonstrated here has profoundinfluence on the device characteristics,and represents a potential strategy in low-cost manufacturing of next-generation high efficiency photovoltaics.展开更多
The preparation of wheat peptide by Alcalase hydrolysis of wheat flour was investigated in this paper.The effects of reaction parameters such as solid-liquid ratio,enzyme addition,and enzymolysis time were evaluated w...The preparation of wheat peptide by Alcalase hydrolysis of wheat flour was investigated in this paper.The effects of reaction parameters such as solid-liquid ratio,enzyme addition,and enzymolysis time were evaluated with the purity and yield of peptides as indexes by the single-factor experiment.The optimal enzymolysis conditions from the orthogonal test were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio of 1:7,enzyme addition(E/S)of 1.2%,reaction time of 2 h.The yield and purity of peptides were 83%and 72%,respectively.The configuration of enzymatic hydrolysate from different enzymolysis conditions was observed by the scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the particle size of the enzymatic hydrolysate was much smaller than that of the original material,and the particle size of the enzymatic hydrolysate changed with the degree of hydrolysis(DH).The molecular weight(MW)of peptides under different enzymolysis conditions was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography,and the results showed that the proportion of small peptides(<1 kDa)was up to 78.8%.展开更多
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have unique quantum confinement effects, tunable bandgap and luminescence property, with a wide range of potential applications such as optoelectronic and biomedical areas. However, GQDs ...Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have unique quantum confinement effects, tunable bandgap and luminescence property, with a wide range of potential applications such as optoelectronic and biomedical areas. However, GQDs usually have a strong tendency toward aggregation especially in making solid films, which will degrade their optoelectronic properties, for example, causing undesired fluorescence quenching. Here, we designed a composite film by embedding GQDs in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix through hydrogen bonding with well-preserved fluorescence, with a small addition of acid for compensating the poor conductivity of PVP. As a multifunctional solid coating on carbon nanotube/silicon (CNT/Si) solar cells, the photon down-conversion by GQDs and the PVP anti-reflection layer for visible light lead to enhanced external quantum efficiency (by 12.34% in the ultraviolet (UV) range) and cell efficiency (up to 14.94%). Such advanced optical managing enabled by low-cost, carbon-based quantum dots, as demonstrated in our results, can be applied to more versatile optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices based on perovskites, organic and other materials.展开更多
Plants have evolved diverse self-incompatibility(SI)systems for outcrossing.Since Darwin’s time,consid-erable progress has been made toward elucidating this unrivaled reproductive innovation.Recent advances in interd...Plants have evolved diverse self-incompatibility(SI)systems for outcrossing.Since Darwin’s time,consid-erable progress has been made toward elucidating this unrivaled reproductive innovation.Recent advances in interdisciplinary studies and applications of biotechnology have given rise to major break-throughs in understanding the molecular pathways that lead to SI,particularly the strikingly different SI mechanisms that operate in Solanaceae,Papaveraceae,Brassicaceae,and Primulaceae.These best-un-derstood SI systems,together with discoveries in other"nonmodel"SI taxa such as Poaceae,suggest a complex evolutionary trajectory of SI,with multiple independent origins and frequent and irreversible losses.Extensive exploration of self-/nonself-discrimination signaling cascades has revealed a compre-hensive catalog of male and female identity genes and modifier factors that control SI.Thesefindings also enable the characterization,validation,and manipulation of SI-related factors for crop improvement,helping to address the challenges associated with development of inbred lines.Here,we review current knowledge about the evolution of SI systems,summarize key achievements in the molecular basis of pol-len‒pistil interactions,discuss potential prospects for breeding of SI crops,and raise several unresolved questions that require further investigation.展开更多
Carbon nanotube-silicon(CNT-Si)solar cells represent one of the alternative photovoltaic techniques with potential for low cost and high efficiency.Here,we report a method to improve solar cell performance by depositi...Carbon nanotube-silicon(CNT-Si)solar cells represent one of the alternative photovoltaic techniques with potential for low cost and high efficiency.Here,we report a method to improve solar cell performance by depositing conventional transitional metal oxides such as WO_(3)and establishing a collaborative system,in which CNTs are well-embedded within the WO_(3)layer and both of them are in close contact to Si substrate.This unique collaborative system optimizes the overall energy conversion process including the light absorption(antireflection by WO_(3)),carrier separation(forming quasi p-n junction)and charge collection(CNT conductive network throughout the oxide layer).Combining with our previous TiO_(2)-coating and HNO_(3)-doping techniques,a solar cell efficiency of>18%at an active area of 0.09 cm 2(air mass 1.5,100 mW/cm^(2))was achieved.The oxide-enhanced CNT-Si solar cells which integrate the advantages of traditional semiconductors and novel nanostructures represent a promising route toward next-generation high-performance silicon-based photovoltaics.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20537)the Key Research and Development Project of Henan province(231111113200)the University Scientific and Tech-nological Innovation Teams in Henan province(23IRTSTHN029).
文摘In this study,mung bean liquid(MBL)was prepared by wet milling and then naturally fermented for 0,24,48,72,and 96 h.Afterward,the starch extracted from MBL was analyzed.The pH of MBL decreases from 6.54 to 4.91 during fermentation.Moreover,the mung bean starch(MBS)granules changed significantly with pitted surfaces,pores and channels.The particle size,molecular weight(Mw)and long chain amylopectin(B2)content of the MBS decreased,whereas the short chain(A)increased from 20.57% to 22.70% with increasing fermentation time.Natural fermentation had no effect on the crystalline type(A)of the MBS but increased the relative crystallinity from 26.53% to 29.23%.However,the intensity ratios of the 995/1022 cm^(-1) and 1047/1022 cm^(-1) FTIR spectra increased with fermentation time,reaching maxima of 0.95 and 0.80 after 48 h,respectively.In addition,Fermented MBS increased the trough viscosity(TV),final viscosity(FV),elastic modulus(G′)and viscous modulus(G″)but decreased the peak viscosity(PV)and breakdown(BD).Thermal properties revealed that fermentation increased the gelatinization enthalpy(ΔH)from 9.49 to 10.26 J/g.
基金A.Y.C.appreciated the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation o f C hina(No.51672005).S.Y.Y.appreciated the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872267).Z.X.W.thanks Qihang Gong for his support and encouragement all the time.
文摘Since Akira Yoshino first proposed the usage of the carbonaceous materials as an anode of lithium ion batteries(LIBs)in 1985,carbonaceous materials such as graphite and graphene have been widely considered as LIB anodes.Here,we explored the application of novel carbonaceous UB anodes incorporating graphene quantum dots(GQDs).We fabricated a freestanding all-carbon electrode based on a porous carbon nanotube(CNT)sponge via a facile in-situ hydrothermal deposition technique,creating coaxial structure of GQD-coated CNTs(GQD@CNTs)through electrostatic interaction and n-n stacking with tunable loading and functionalization.This hybrid structure combined conductive CNTs with highly active GQDs,in which GQDs with predesigned functional groups provided massive storage sites for Li ions and the 3D CNT frameworks avoided the agglomeration of GQDs,together contributing to a high specific capacity(700 mAh·g^-1 at 100 mA·g^-1 after 100 cycles)and rate performance.Even at a high current density of 1,000 mA·g^-1,the reversible specific capacity remained at 483 mAh g-1 after 350 cycles.In particular,the mechanism study demonstrated the important role of oxygen functional groups of GQDs in promoting the performance of the LIB anodes by controlled grafting of GQDs onto various porous-carbon and metal-foam based structures.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51672005).
文摘Transitional metal oxides(TMOs)are important functional materials in silicon-based and thin-film optoelectronics.Here,TMOs areapplied in carbon nanotube(CNT)-Si solar cells by spin-coating solutions of metal chlorides that undergo favorable transformation in ambient conditions.An unconventional change in solar cell behavior is observed after coating two particular chlorides(MoCl,and WCls,respectively),characterized by an initial severe degradation followed by gradual recovery and then well surpassing the original performance.Detailed analysis reveals that the formation of correspondina oxides(MoOa and WO.)enables two primary functions on both CNTs(p-type doping)and Si(inducing inversion layer),leading to significant improvement in open-circuit voltage and fill factor,with power conversion efficiencies up to 13.0%(MoOg)and 13.4%(WOg).Further combining with other chlorides to increase the short-circuit current,ultimate cells efficiencies achieve>16%with over 90%retention after 24 h,which are among the highes stable efficiencies reported for CNT-Si solar cells.The transformation of functional layers as demonstrated here has profoundinfluence on the device characteristics,and represents a potential strategy in low-cost manufacturing of next-generation high efficiency photovoltaics.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Key Project of Henan Province,China(172102210543).
文摘The preparation of wheat peptide by Alcalase hydrolysis of wheat flour was investigated in this paper.The effects of reaction parameters such as solid-liquid ratio,enzyme addition,and enzymolysis time were evaluated with the purity and yield of peptides as indexes by the single-factor experiment.The optimal enzymolysis conditions from the orthogonal test were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio of 1:7,enzyme addition(E/S)of 1.2%,reaction time of 2 h.The yield and purity of peptides were 83%and 72%,respectively.The configuration of enzymatic hydrolysate from different enzymolysis conditions was observed by the scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results showed that the particle size of the enzymatic hydrolysate was much smaller than that of the original material,and the particle size of the enzymatic hydrolysate changed with the degree of hydrolysis(DH).The molecular weight(MW)of peptides under different enzymolysis conditions was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography,and the results showed that the proportion of small peptides(<1 kDa)was up to 78.8%.
基金A.Y.C.acknowledged the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51672005)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFA0206701)+1 种基金Y.Y.S.acknowledged the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.51872267)X.W.Z.thanked Qihang Gong for his encouragement and support all the time.
文摘Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have unique quantum confinement effects, tunable bandgap and luminescence property, with a wide range of potential applications such as optoelectronic and biomedical areas. However, GQDs usually have a strong tendency toward aggregation especially in making solid films, which will degrade their optoelectronic properties, for example, causing undesired fluorescence quenching. Here, we designed a composite film by embedding GQDs in a polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) matrix through hydrogen bonding with well-preserved fluorescence, with a small addition of acid for compensating the poor conductivity of PVP. As a multifunctional solid coating on carbon nanotube/silicon (CNT/Si) solar cells, the photon down-conversion by GQDs and the PVP anti-reflection layer for visible light lead to enhanced external quantum efficiency (by 12.34% in the ultraviolet (UV) range) and cell efficiency (up to 14.94%). Such advanced optical managing enabled by low-cost, carbon-based quantum dots, as demonstrated in our results, can be applied to more versatile optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices based on perovskites, organic and other materials.
基金supported by the Forestry Peak Discipline Construction Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Grant number 72202200205)。
文摘Plants have evolved diverse self-incompatibility(SI)systems for outcrossing.Since Darwin’s time,consid-erable progress has been made toward elucidating this unrivaled reproductive innovation.Recent advances in interdisciplinary studies and applications of biotechnology have given rise to major break-throughs in understanding the molecular pathways that lead to SI,particularly the strikingly different SI mechanisms that operate in Solanaceae,Papaveraceae,Brassicaceae,and Primulaceae.These best-un-derstood SI systems,together with discoveries in other"nonmodel"SI taxa such as Poaceae,suggest a complex evolutionary trajectory of SI,with multiple independent origins and frequent and irreversible losses.Extensive exploration of self-/nonself-discrimination signaling cascades has revealed a compre-hensive catalog of male and female identity genes and modifier factors that control SI.Thesefindings also enable the characterization,validation,and manipulation of SI-related factors for crop improvement,helping to address the challenges associated with development of inbred lines.Here,we review current knowledge about the evolution of SI systems,summarize key achievements in the molecular basis of pol-len‒pistil interactions,discuss potential prospects for breeding of SI crops,and raise several unresolved questions that require further investigation.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(No.2212028)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan province(No.202300410371)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51325202 and 51872267)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2020YFA0210702).
文摘Carbon nanotube-silicon(CNT-Si)solar cells represent one of the alternative photovoltaic techniques with potential for low cost and high efficiency.Here,we report a method to improve solar cell performance by depositing conventional transitional metal oxides such as WO_(3)and establishing a collaborative system,in which CNTs are well-embedded within the WO_(3)layer and both of them are in close contact to Si substrate.This unique collaborative system optimizes the overall energy conversion process including the light absorption(antireflection by WO_(3)),carrier separation(forming quasi p-n junction)and charge collection(CNT conductive network throughout the oxide layer).Combining with our previous TiO_(2)-coating and HNO_(3)-doping techniques,a solar cell efficiency of>18%at an active area of 0.09 cm 2(air mass 1.5,100 mW/cm^(2))was achieved.The oxide-enhanced CNT-Si solar cells which integrate the advantages of traditional semiconductors and novel nanostructures represent a promising route toward next-generation high-performance silicon-based photovoltaics.
