Objectives: To estimate the cost effectiveness of fluvoxamine against desvenlafaxine in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A cost effectiveness of treating Chinese patients with MDD for 6 ...Objectives: To estimate the cost effectiveness of fluvoxamine against desvenlafaxine in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A cost effectiveness of treating Chinese patients with MDD for 6 months maintenance period has been estimated by a decision tree model. The relative effectiveness on relapse rates came from a recent network meta analysis by Kishi et al. (2023) along with local drug cost data based on WHO defined daily dose (DDD) and relapse cost for the 6 months estimated from various sources were used in the model. Based on the Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gain reported by Sobocki et al. (2007), QALY loss from a relapse was estimated. Univariate sensitivity analyses were presented by a Tornado diagram and extensive probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on 10,000 simulations was performed. The most recent cost effectiveness threshold of 1.5 times GDP suggested by Cai et al. (2022) was applied. Results: Fluvoxamine dominated desvenlafaxine (cost savings of 4003 CNY and 0.01 QALY higher in 6 months). The most sensitive parameters were relapse rates followed by desvenlafaxine cost and utility loss of relapse. However, the default result of fluvoxamine dominance was not changed for any univariate sensitivity analysis. The probabilistic sensitivity result showed the cost effectiveness acceptability at 1.5 times GDP as 99.93%. Conclusions: The cost effectiveness of fluvoxamine against desvenlafaxine among Chinese patients with MDD in a 6-month maintenance period was cost saving with better effectiveness (i.e., dominating) with low uncertainty.展开更多
With the development of satellite altimetry technology,the resolution of sea-level anomaly(SLA)datasets is constantly improving.Current spatial resolution levels can reach a grid size of(1/4)°×(1/4)°,wi...With the development of satellite altimetry technology,the resolution of sea-level anomaly(SLA)datasets is constantly improving.Current spatial resolution levels can reach a grid size of(1/4)°×(1/4)°,with daily measurements that span from 1993 to 2018,allowing for the precise identification and tracking of individual eddies.In the current study,in addition to the internal circulation and migration of eddies,a new aspect in eddy kinematics is revealed and investigated for the first time:shape-based overall eddy rotation(SOER),based on the intrinsic elliptical shape of eddies identified from a high-resolution SLA dataset.We found that eddies can maintain an elliptical shape and a slow and stable SOER during their migration process.The SOER speed was observed to be negatively correlated to eddy lifetime,and exhibited a dependence on latitude,decreasing from low-and high-to mid-latitudes.The SOER direction tended to be consistent with the direction of internal circulation,particularly for long-lived eddies.In addition,we identified a negative relationship between internal circulation speed and SOER speed while the migration speed was positively related to SOER speed.These findings further expand and improve eddy kinematics,which is of great significance for the future study of eddy dynamics.展开更多
The paper measures the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of different Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2012,then analyses the spatial features and dynamic evolution of carbon emission intensity th...The paper measures the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of different Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2012,then analyses the spatial features and dynamic evolution of carbon emission intensity through exploratory spatial data analysis,to explore its clustering characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic evolution.The effect of industrial agglomeration on the carbon emission intensity in China is estimated by using spatial econometric model.According to the research,three new findings are revealed as follows:firstly,inter-provincial carbon emission intensity in middle-west and northeast areas is much higher than southeast areas in China.Secondly,the spatial domain dependence and difference of China's inter-provincial carbon intensity exist simultaneously.Thirdly,the elastic coefficient of carbon intensity for industrial agglomeration change is between-0.228%and-0.37%.On the basis of these conclusions,the paper will put forward several policy recommendations according to empirical study.展开更多
Against the background of climate change,exploring avoidable greenhouse gas emission from agriculture practices has gained public attention in the context of global energy transition.Intelligent agricultural machinery...Against the background of climate change,exploring avoidable greenhouse gas emission from agriculture practices has gained public attention in the context of global energy transition.Intelligent agricultural machinery plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions in agriculture systems,and through the use of new energy,smart plant protection,and IoT technologies,carbon emissions can be significantly reduced.The focus of our debate is on the key role those intelligent technologies play,and what are the principles and shortcomings behind their effectiveness.What are the potential impacts of unmanned farms on agricultural carbon reduction and human survival issues in the future?展开更多
Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has been regarded as one of the most promising solutions to achieving“zero carbon emission”.In most of the CO_(2)RR-related studies;high-purity CO_(2)has been employ...Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has been regarded as one of the most promising solutions to achieving“zero carbon emission”.In most of the CO_(2)RR-related studies;high-purity CO_(2)has been employed as the feed gas;however;in practice;CO_(2)is generally emitted in low concentrations;so it is of great significance to realize high-selectivity electroreduction of low-concentration CO_(2)with large concentration fluctuation.In this work;we constructed a dual-active-site catalyst and successfully achieved CO_(2)local enrichment and conversion for low-concentration CO_(2).Operando experiments reveal that the catalyst has one type of site for activating CO_(2)and one type of site for binding the reaction intermediates.The dual-active-site catalyst displays a selectivity for formic acid consistently above 97%over a broad potential window(from-0.9 to-1.6 V vs.RHE).Even when fed with a low-concentration CO_(2)stream(volume ratio from 50%down to 10%);the dual-active-site catalyst could display high activity and selectivity(>91%).In particular;the selectivity is still above 85%when the CO_(2)volume ratio is as low as 5%.This work offers a feasible route for converting low-concentration CO_(2)via a synergistic effect for dual-active-site catalysts.展开更多
Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such a...Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion,wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households.However,this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas,thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required.This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion:Astraeus hygrometricus,Boletus edulis,Morchella conica,Ophiocordyceps sinensis,Phlebopus portentosus,Pleurotus giganteus,Termitomyces eurhizus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsuake,and Tuber indicum in terms of value,ecology and conservation.The greatest threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks,thus,by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products.Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.展开更多
The rapid development of ocean observation technology has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of data and this is pushing ocean science towards being data-driven.Based on the types and distribution of ocean...The rapid development of ocean observation technology has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of data and this is pushing ocean science towards being data-driven.Based on the types and distribution of oceanographic data,this paper analyzes the present and makes predictions for the future regarding the use of big and small data in ocean science.The ocean science has not fully entered the era of big data.There are two ways to expand the amount of oceanographic data to better understanding and man-agement of the ocean.On the data level,fully exploit the potential value of big and small ocean data,and transform the limited,small data into rich,big data,will help to achieve this.On the application level,oceanographic data are of great value if realize the federation of the core data owners and the consumers.The oceanographic data will provide not only a reliable scientific basis for climate,ecological,disaster and other scientific research,but also provide an unprecedented rich source of information that can be used to make predictions of the future.展开更多
The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen ...The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.展开更多
文摘Objectives: To estimate the cost effectiveness of fluvoxamine against desvenlafaxine in Chinese patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: A cost effectiveness of treating Chinese patients with MDD for 6 months maintenance period has been estimated by a decision tree model. The relative effectiveness on relapse rates came from a recent network meta analysis by Kishi et al. (2023) along with local drug cost data based on WHO defined daily dose (DDD) and relapse cost for the 6 months estimated from various sources were used in the model. Based on the Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) gain reported by Sobocki et al. (2007), QALY loss from a relapse was estimated. Univariate sensitivity analyses were presented by a Tornado diagram and extensive probabilistic sensitivity analysis based on 10,000 simulations was performed. The most recent cost effectiveness threshold of 1.5 times GDP suggested by Cai et al. (2022) was applied. Results: Fluvoxamine dominated desvenlafaxine (cost savings of 4003 CNY and 0.01 QALY higher in 6 months). The most sensitive parameters were relapse rates followed by desvenlafaxine cost and utility loss of relapse. However, the default result of fluvoxamine dominance was not changed for any univariate sensitivity analysis. The probabilistic sensitivity result showed the cost effectiveness acceptability at 1.5 times GDP as 99.93%. Conclusions: The cost effectiveness of fluvoxamine against desvenlafaxine among Chinese patients with MDD in a 6-month maintenance period was cost saving with better effectiveness (i.e., dominating) with low uncertainty.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42030406the Wenhai Program of the S&T Fund of Shandong Province for the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2021WHZZB1501the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2022QNLM050301-1。
文摘With the development of satellite altimetry technology,the resolution of sea-level anomaly(SLA)datasets is constantly improving.Current spatial resolution levels can reach a grid size of(1/4)°×(1/4)°,with daily measurements that span from 1993 to 2018,allowing for the precise identification and tracking of individual eddies.In the current study,in addition to the internal circulation and migration of eddies,a new aspect in eddy kinematics is revealed and investigated for the first time:shape-based overall eddy rotation(SOER),based on the intrinsic elliptical shape of eddies identified from a high-resolution SLA dataset.We found that eddies can maintain an elliptical shape and a slow and stable SOER during their migration process.The SOER speed was observed to be negatively correlated to eddy lifetime,and exhibited a dependence on latitude,decreasing from low-and high-to mid-latitudes.The SOER direction tended to be consistent with the direction of internal circulation,particularly for long-lived eddies.In addition,we identified a negative relationship between internal circulation speed and SOER speed while the migration speed was positively related to SOER speed.These findings further expand and improve eddy kinematics,which is of great significance for the future study of eddy dynamics.
文摘The paper measures the total carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of different Chinese provinces between 2000 and 2012,then analyses the spatial features and dynamic evolution of carbon emission intensity through exploratory spatial data analysis,to explore its clustering characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic evolution.The effect of industrial agglomeration on the carbon emission intensity in China is estimated by using spatial econometric model.According to the research,three new findings are revealed as follows:firstly,inter-provincial carbon emission intensity in middle-west and northeast areas is much higher than southeast areas in China.Secondly,the spatial domain dependence and difference of China's inter-provincial carbon intensity exist simultaneously.Thirdly,the elastic coefficient of carbon intensity for industrial agglomeration change is between-0.228%and-0.37%.On the basis of these conclusions,the paper will put forward several policy recommendations according to empirical study.
基金supported by Key projects of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Plan(2022YFG0147)Chengdu Local Finance Special Fund Project for NASC(NASC2021KR02)and(NASC2021KR07).
文摘Against the background of climate change,exploring avoidable greenhouse gas emission from agriculture practices has gained public attention in the context of global energy transition.Intelligent agricultural machinery plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions in agriculture systems,and through the use of new energy,smart plant protection,and IoT technologies,carbon emissions can be significantly reduced.The focus of our debate is on the key role those intelligent technologies play,and what are the principles and shortcomings behind their effectiveness.What are the potential impacts of unmanned farms on agricultural carbon reduction and human survival issues in the future?
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1502902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072260,52472236,21931007,21790052,U21A20317)+2 种基金the Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(21JCZXJC00130,B2021201074)the Science and Technology Support Program for Youth Innovation in Universities of Shandong Province(2020KJA012)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(22JCZDJC00510)。
文摘Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has been regarded as one of the most promising solutions to achieving“zero carbon emission”.In most of the CO_(2)RR-related studies;high-purity CO_(2)has been employed as the feed gas;however;in practice;CO_(2)is generally emitted in low concentrations;so it is of great significance to realize high-selectivity electroreduction of low-concentration CO_(2)with large concentration fluctuation.In this work;we constructed a dual-active-site catalyst and successfully achieved CO_(2)local enrichment and conversion for low-concentration CO_(2).Operando experiments reveal that the catalyst has one type of site for activating CO_(2)and one type of site for binding the reaction intermediates.The dual-active-site catalyst displays a selectivity for formic acid consistently above 97%over a broad potential window(from-0.9 to-1.6 V vs.RHE).Even when fed with a low-concentration CO_(2)stream(volume ratio from 50%down to 10%);the dual-active-site catalyst could display high activity and selectivity(>91%).In particular;the selectivity is still above 85%when the CO_(2)volume ratio is as low as 5%.This work offers a feasible route for converting low-concentration CO_(2)via a synergistic effect for dual-active-site catalysts.
基金funding this project.Also,value added products from basidiomycetes:Putting Thailand’s biodiversity to use(BRN049/2553)the French-Thai cooperation PHC SIAM 2011(project 25587RA)+2 种基金the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)the project-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(NRCT/55201020007)Fund(TRF)project number BRG5580009 and Mae Fah Luang University,the project-Taxonomy,Phylogeny and cultivation of Lentinus species in northern Thailand(MFU/54101020048)are thanked for providing support to this study.
文摘Mushrooms can be found in forests worldwide and have long been exploited as resources in developed economies because of their important agro-industrial,medicinal and commercial uses.For less developed countries,such as those within the Greater Mekong Subregion,wild harvesting and mushroom cultivation provides a much-needed alternative source of income for rural households.However,this has led to over-harvesting and ultimately environmental degradation in certain areas,thus management guidelines allowing for a more sustained approach to the use of wild mushrooms is required.This article addresses a selection of the most popular and highly sought after edible mushrooms from Greater Mekong Subregion:Astraeus hygrometricus,Boletus edulis,Morchella conica,Ophiocordyceps sinensis,Phlebopus portentosus,Pleurotus giganteus,Termitomyces eurhizus,Thelephora ganbajun,Tricholoma matsuake,and Tuber indicum in terms of value,ecology and conservation.The greatest threat to these and many other mushroom species is that of habitat loss and over-harvesting of wild stocks,thus,by creating awareness of these issues we wish to enable a more sustainable use of these natural products.Thus our paper provides baseline data for these fungi so that future monitoring can establish the effects of continued harvesting on mushroom populations and the related host species.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.41906182,L1824025/XK2018DXC002 and 42030406]Shandong Province's Marine S&T Fund for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)[No.2018SDKJ0102-8]+1 种基金the Marine Science&Technology Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)[Grant No.2018SDKJ102]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Nos.2019YFD0901001,2018YFC1407003 and 2017YFC1405300].
文摘The rapid development of ocean observation technology has resulted in the accumulation of a large amount of data and this is pushing ocean science towards being data-driven.Based on the types and distribution of oceanographic data,this paper analyzes the present and makes predictions for the future regarding the use of big and small data in ocean science.The ocean science has not fully entered the era of big data.There are two ways to expand the amount of oceanographic data to better understanding and man-agement of the ocean.On the data level,fully exploit the potential value of big and small ocean data,and transform the limited,small data into rich,big data,will help to achieve this.On the application level,oceanographic data are of great value if realize the federation of the core data owners and the consumers.The oceanographic data will provide not only a reliable scientific basis for climate,ecological,disaster and other scientific research,but also provide an unprecedented rich source of information that can be used to make predictions of the future.
基金Thanks to the key science and technology project in Henan Province(Innovation Leading Project)"Development and Demonstration of High-Reliability and High-Environmental Adaptability Fuel Cell Bus Vehicles"(Project Number:191110210200)for supporting this research.
文摘The fuel cell hybrid powertrain is a potential power supply system for fuel cell vehicles.The underlying problem is that the fuel cell vehicles encounter exhaustive hydrogen consumption.To effectively manage hydrogen consumption,the aim is to propose fuel cell city bus power and control system.The underlying idea is to determine the target power of fuel cell through simulation study on fuel cell and battery energy management strategy and road test verifications.A half-power prediction energy management strategy is implemented to predict the target power of the fuel cell in the current time step based on the demand power of the vehicle and the state of charge(SOC)of the battery in the previous time steps.This offers better understanding of the correlation between fuel cell power and vehicle drive cycle for enabling effective power supply management.The research results show that the half-power prediction energy management strategy effectively reduces the hydrogen consumption of the vehicle by 7.1%and the number of battery cycle by 6.0%,compared to the stepped manage-ment strategy of battery SOC.When applied to a 12-m fuel cell city bus—F12,specially designed and manufactured for the Winter Olympic Games in 2022—the fuel economy of 3.7 kg/100 km is achieved in urban road conditions.This study lays a foundation for providing the powertrain configuration and energy management strategy of fuel cell city bus.
