Straw return has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing carbon(C)sequestration and nitrogen(N)uptake while concurrently promoting plant productivity.However,the specific transport and distribution of C produ...Straw return has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing carbon(C)sequestration and nitrogen(N)uptake while concurrently promoting plant productivity.However,the specific transport and distribution of C produced by photosynthesis and exogenous N within the rice plant-soil system under straw return remains unclear.A long-term straw return pot trial experiment was conducted in a double cropping rice system,incorporating treatments of inorganic fertilizer application with straw removal(F),straw burning and ash return with reducing inorganic fertilizers(SBR),and straw return with reducing inorganic fertilizers(SR)to investigate C sequestration and exogenous N uptake using ^(13)C pulse and ^(15)N isotope tracer techniques.The SR treatment had significantly higher soil ^(13)C abundance,by 24.4 and 25.4%,respectively,^(13)C concentrations in aboveground plant parts,by 18.4 and 35.8%respectively,and ^(15)N concentrations in rice panicles,by 12.8 and 34.3%than the SBR and F treatments.This enhancement contributed to a higher total organic C concentration and increased rice grain yield in the SR treatment.Furthermore,the SR treatment had significantly higher photosynthetic C,by 9.8%,which was directly transferred to soil C.The SR treatment had a higher distribution of photosynthetic C in the leaves and stems,but a lower distribution in the panicle compared to the SBR treatment.This finding is advantageous for sequestering photosynthetic C into the soil through straw return;conversely,opposite trends were observed in ^(15)N distribution.In addition,rice plants in the SR treatment had increased N uptake from urea and soil N sources,enhancing N recovery by 9.2 and 12.5%,respectively,and reducing soil N residues.Correlation analysis showed that the SR treatment increased the concentrations of ^(13)C in leaves and roots while decreasing the ^(15)N abundance in all rice organs,thereby contributing to an increase in rice yield.The partial least square path model suggested that the increase in rice yield under the SR treatment was primarily linked to ^(13)C accumulation within the rice plant-soil system.The results suggest that straw return increases the sequestration of photosynthetic C and exogenous N in the rice plant-soil system and increases N utilization efficiency,which subsequently improves both rice and soil productivity.展开更多
High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different ...High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different amylose content(Zhongjiazao17,ZJZ17,high amylose content;Xiangzaoxian45,XZX45,low amylose content)were grown under control(CK),HT,and HT+SL conditions during grout filling to determine the effects on grain yield and quality of rice.The results showed that compared with CK,HT and HT+SL significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight and filled grain rate whether in high or low amylose content early indica rice cultivars during grout filling,resulting in a significantly lower grain yield.Meanwhile,HT and HT+SL significantly decreased the milled rice rate,brown rice rate and head rice rate,whereas significantly increased chalky rate and chalky degree;and breakdown decreased and setback,pasting temperature increased in the cultivars,leading to the poor processing,appearance and cooking and eating quality of early indica rice cultivars.Compared with HT,the yield of ZJZ17 was significantly decreased under HT+SL,due to the lower 1000-grain weight.However,the effect of HT+SL on rice quality varied in the cultivars.In general,the yield and rice quality of ZJZ17 were relatively poor under HT+SL.Our results suggested that HT and HT+SL during grout filling had significant damage to the yield and quality of early indica rice cultivars,especially HT+SL,while the high amylose cultivar ZJZ17 showed a higher negative effect under HT+SL.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation management on the textural properties of two different double-cropping late indica rice,the effects of three irrigation management including conventional irr...In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation management on the textural properties of two different double-cropping late indica rice,the effects of three irrigation management including conventional irrigation(CK),constant irrigation(CI)and alternate wetting and drying(AWD)on textural properties has been researched under field conditions of two years.The results indicated that the firmness,cohesiveness and chewiness were decreased under AWD treatment,and the stickiness was increased compared with CK,while the textural properties under CI treatment showed the opposite trend with AWD treatment.Additionally,AWD treatment signifi-cantly improved the springiness of TY871 compared with CK and CI treatment,but had no significant effect in RYHZ,suggesting improvement of the cooking and eating quality of TY871 under AWD treatment.Correlation analysis showed that the chewiness was positively correlated with the firmness and cohesiveness,and the cohesiveness was positively correlated with the firmness.AWD could promote the textural properties of high-quality late indica rice in South China whereas CI treatment has shown the disadvantage of the textural properties,which will provide useful information for the improvement of cooking and eating quality of rice.展开更多
Biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil Cd.However,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods....Biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil Cd.However,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods.A pot experiment of biochar application combined with two irrigation methods(continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,CF and Ⅱ)was conducted.The Cd accumulation,chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice organs and the associated physiological responses were examined.Biochar significantly reduced soil available Cd(30.85-47.26%and 32.35-52.35%)under CF and Ⅱ but increased the Cd content(30.4-63.88%and 13.03-18.59%)in brown rice.Additionally,the Cd content in shoots/grains under Ⅱ was higher than that under CF.Biochar elevated the Cd soluble fraction in roots while lowered the cell wall fraction under both irrigation methods,whereas the opposite result was observed in leaves.Biochar increased water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in roots meanwhile increased ethanol-extractable Cd in leaves under both irrigation methods.Moreover,the total amount of water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in rice roots was higher under Ⅱ than under CF.Related hormones and antioxidant enzymes may also be involved in biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice grains.Thus,changes in Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in the root and leaf are the main mechanisms of biochar-induced rice grains Cd accumulation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160503)the Earmarked Fund for Jiangxi Agriculture Research System,China(JXARS-01)the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD2301303).
文摘Straw return has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing carbon(C)sequestration and nitrogen(N)uptake while concurrently promoting plant productivity.However,the specific transport and distribution of C produced by photosynthesis and exogenous N within the rice plant-soil system under straw return remains unclear.A long-term straw return pot trial experiment was conducted in a double cropping rice system,incorporating treatments of inorganic fertilizer application with straw removal(F),straw burning and ash return with reducing inorganic fertilizers(SBR),and straw return with reducing inorganic fertilizers(SR)to investigate C sequestration and exogenous N uptake using ^(13)C pulse and ^(15)N isotope tracer techniques.The SR treatment had significantly higher soil ^(13)C abundance,by 24.4 and 25.4%,respectively,^(13)C concentrations in aboveground plant parts,by 18.4 and 35.8%respectively,and ^(15)N concentrations in rice panicles,by 12.8 and 34.3%than the SBR and F treatments.This enhancement contributed to a higher total organic C concentration and increased rice grain yield in the SR treatment.Furthermore,the SR treatment had significantly higher photosynthetic C,by 9.8%,which was directly transferred to soil C.The SR treatment had a higher distribution of photosynthetic C in the leaves and stems,but a lower distribution in the panicle compared to the SBR treatment.This finding is advantageous for sequestering photosynthetic C into the soil through straw return;conversely,opposite trends were observed in ^(15)N distribution.In addition,rice plants in the SR treatment had increased N uptake from urea and soil N sources,enhancing N recovery by 9.2 and 12.5%,respectively,and reducing soil N residues.Correlation analysis showed that the SR treatment increased the concentrations of ^(13)C in leaves and roots while decreasing the ^(15)N abundance in all rice organs,thereby contributing to an increase in rice yield.The partial least square path model suggested that the increase in rice yield under the SR treatment was primarily linked to ^(13)C accumulation within the rice plant-soil system.The results suggest that straw return increases the sequestration of photosynthetic C and exogenous N in the rice plant-soil system and increases N utilization efficiency,which subsequently improves both rice and soil productivity.
基金the National Key Research&Development Project of China(2016YFD0300501)the Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20202ACBL215004)the Key Research of&Development Project Jiangxi Province,China(20171BBF60030).
文摘High temperature(HT)accompanied with strong light(SL)often occurs in early indica rice production during grout filling stage in Southern China,which accelerates grain ripening.Two indica rice cultivars with different amylose content(Zhongjiazao17,ZJZ17,high amylose content;Xiangzaoxian45,XZX45,low amylose content)were grown under control(CK),HT,and HT+SL conditions during grout filling to determine the effects on grain yield and quality of rice.The results showed that compared with CK,HT and HT+SL significantly reduced the 1000-grain weight and filled grain rate whether in high or low amylose content early indica rice cultivars during grout filling,resulting in a significantly lower grain yield.Meanwhile,HT and HT+SL significantly decreased the milled rice rate,brown rice rate and head rice rate,whereas significantly increased chalky rate and chalky degree;and breakdown decreased and setback,pasting temperature increased in the cultivars,leading to the poor processing,appearance and cooking and eating quality of early indica rice cultivars.Compared with HT,the yield of ZJZ17 was significantly decreased under HT+SL,due to the lower 1000-grain weight.However,the effect of HT+SL on rice quality varied in the cultivars.In general,the yield and rice quality of ZJZ17 were relatively poor under HT+SL.Our results suggested that HT and HT+SL during grout filling had significant damage to the yield and quality of early indica rice cultivars,especially HT+SL,while the high amylose cultivar ZJZ17 showed a higher negative effect under HT+SL.
基金the Key Project of Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20202ACBL215004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071950)+1 种基金the National Key Research&Development Project of China(2016YFD0300501)the Key Research of&Development Project Jiangxi Province,China(20171BBF60030).
文摘In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation management on the textural properties of two different double-cropping late indica rice,the effects of three irrigation management including conventional irrigation(CK),constant irrigation(CI)and alternate wetting and drying(AWD)on textural properties has been researched under field conditions of two years.The results indicated that the firmness,cohesiveness and chewiness were decreased under AWD treatment,and the stickiness was increased compared with CK,while the textural properties under CI treatment showed the opposite trend with AWD treatment.Additionally,AWD treatment signifi-cantly improved the springiness of TY871 compared with CK and CI treatment,but had no significant effect in RYHZ,suggesting improvement of the cooking and eating quality of TY871 under AWD treatment.Correlation analysis showed that the chewiness was positively correlated with the firmness and cohesiveness,and the cohesiveness was positively correlated with the firmness.AWD could promote the textural properties of high-quality late indica rice in South China whereas CI treatment has shown the disadvantage of the textural properties,which will provide useful information for the improvement of cooking and eating quality of rice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201889)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB627)+1 种基金Jiangsu Technical System of Rice Industry(JATS[2021]485)Special Funds of the Rice Industry System of Jiangxi Province(JXARS-02-03).
文摘Biochar can change the availability and morphology of soil Cd.However,the influence of biochar on Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice is poorly understood,particularly under different irrigation methods.A pot experiment of biochar application combined with two irrigation methods(continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation,CF and Ⅱ)was conducted.The Cd accumulation,chemical form and subcellular fraction in rice organs and the associated physiological responses were examined.Biochar significantly reduced soil available Cd(30.85-47.26%and 32.35-52.35%)under CF and Ⅱ but increased the Cd content(30.4-63.88%and 13.03-18.59%)in brown rice.Additionally,the Cd content in shoots/grains under Ⅱ was higher than that under CF.Biochar elevated the Cd soluble fraction in roots while lowered the cell wall fraction under both irrigation methods,whereas the opposite result was observed in leaves.Biochar increased water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in roots meanwhile increased ethanol-extractable Cd in leaves under both irrigation methods.Moreover,the total amount of water-,ethanol-,and NaCl-extractable Cd in rice roots was higher under Ⅱ than under CF.Related hormones and antioxidant enzymes may also be involved in biochar-mediated Cd accumulation in rice grains.Thus,changes in Cd chemical form and subcellular fraction in the root and leaf are the main mechanisms of biochar-induced rice grains Cd accumulation.
