Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been s...Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied.Here,the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied.It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances.The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light,respectively.The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0~57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6~65.2 mmol/gC,and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from49.7~97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1~113.3 mmol/gC.Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution andmicroalgae growth were also investigated.The complexing Fe^(3+)was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution.Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC,the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions.Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth,which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis.The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.展开更多
Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resourc...Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resources,clogging of reactor piping,deactivation of catalyst,and barriers to product separation.Elucidating the generation mechanism of humins,developing efficient inhibitors,and even utilizing them as a resource,both from the perspective of atom economy and safe production,constitutes a research endeavor replete with challenges and opportunities.Orbiting the critical issue of humins structure and its generation mechanism from cellulose and hemicellulose resources,the random condensation between intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal,and 1,2,4-benzenetriol etc.were systematically summarized.Additionally,the presence of lignin in real biorefining processes further promotes the formation of a special type of humins known as"pseudo-lignin".The influences of various factors,including raw materials,reaction temperature and time,acid-base environment,as well as solvent systems and catalysts,on the formation of humins were comprehensively analyzed.To minimize the formation of humins,the design of efficient solvent systems and catalysts is crucial.Furthermore,this review investigates the approaches to value-added applications of humins.The corresponding summary could provide guidance for the development of the humins chemistry.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation.In this study,the mechanism of 17 alphaethinylestradiol(EE2)biodegradation mediated by humic acid(HA)and three kinds of iron minerals(goethite,magnetite,and pyrite)was investigated.The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2,and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2(48%)was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions.Furthermore,it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals(HO·)was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2.HO·is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II),with aerobic conditions being more conducive.The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system.These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.展开更多
The cadmium tolerance capacity of Canna orchioides was evaluated using glasshouse experiment to lay a theoretical foundation to broad applications of this species in cadmium(Cd)polluted areas.The plant growth,Cd absor...The cadmium tolerance capacity of Canna orchioides was evaluated using glasshouse experiment to lay a theoretical foundation to broad applications of this species in cadmium(Cd)polluted areas.The plant growth,Cd absorption,and antioxidative enzyme activities of canna plants treated with different Cd concentrations(0,100,and 200mg·kg^(-1)per dry soil)for 30 days were investigated.The results indicated that the growth of roots,leaves and stems was restricted following Cd addition.The bio-concentration factor was the highest in the roots,followed by the leaves,rhizomes,and stems.Compared with the control,the translocation factor decreased sharply after 100mg·kg^(-1)or 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment,whereas the tolerance index decreased significantly under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd exposure.The Cd accumulation rate and total Cd accumulation significantly increased under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment than the control.Themalondialdehyde content remained unchanged at different Cd concentrations,while the relative electrical conductivity of the root increased significantly following 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment.Cd stress increased significantly the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in the leaves,whereas only SOD was raised in the roots.The catalase(CAT)and POD activity in the roots did not differ significantly at different Cd concentrations.Conversely,APX in the roots decreased significantly under Cd stress,which suggests that the protective mechanisms in the leaves differ from those in the roots.These results indicated that C.orchioides has a high tolerance for Cd.Furthermore,the reactive oxygen species caused by Cd stress could be effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.The present study proved that C.orchioides constitutes a promising ornamental plant for use in the restoration of areas contaminated with Cd.展开更多
17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic aci...17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.展开更多
Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challe...Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challenge.In this study,a tough,durable,recyclable,green,and multifunctional semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was developed and enhanced by lignin@polypyrrole core-shell nanoparticles(LP9).The semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was constructed using environmentally friendly poly(vinyl alcohol)and bio-based gelatin.The LP9 was synthesized via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on lignin nanoparticles,serving as rigid anchors to enhance the gel’s properties and eliminate heterogeneity through hydrogen bonding.With 5%of LP9,the organohydrogel(5LP9)demonstrated a tensile strength of 2.5MPa,elongation of 700%,conductivity of 432 mS/m,and a gauge factor of 1.7 with a good linearity,highlighting its excellent performance as an electronic conductive material.In addition,the organohydrogel exhibited remarkable environmental stability,antimicrobial properties,recyclability,and biocompatibility.When applied to human motion detection,voice recognition,and gesture recognition,the organohydrogel showcased excellent recognition ability,responsive functionality,and long-term monitoring stability.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing green and programmable wearable sensors for human-machine interaction,incorporating deep learning such as letter-writing recognition.展开更多
The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful rem...The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology.Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode(BPE)was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode(MPE)in treating such water.The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta2O_(5)-IrO_(2)anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them.It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity,phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen.The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity.The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity,phosphate and sulphion completely,and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L.An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one.Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.展开更多
Dissolved organic matter(DOM)from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)contains abundant photosensitive substances,which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol(...Dissolved organic matter(DOM)from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)contains abundant photosensitive substances,which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2).Nevertheless,information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate.This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(A2/O)process.The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM,tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances,microbial humuslike substances,and humic-like components.The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM(P<0.05).The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2.DOM extracted from the A2/O process,especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes.Four types of components(water-soluble organic matter(WSOM),extracellular polymeric substance,humic acid,and fulvic acid)were separated from the A2/O process DOM.WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation.Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances.This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs,and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207450,42067056,and 21866017)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-013)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province(No.202101AV070006).
文摘Dissolved black carbon(DBC)plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water.However,the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied.Here,the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied.It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances.The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light,respectively.The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0~57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6~65.2 mmol/gC,and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from49.7~97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1~113.3 mmol/gC.Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution andmicroalgae growth were also investigated.The complexing Fe^(3+)was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution.Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC,the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions.Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth,which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis.The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.
文摘Humins,as a group of by-products formed through the condensation and coupling of fragment intermediates during lignocellulosic biomass refining,can cause numerous negative effects such as the wastage of carbon resources,clogging of reactor piping,deactivation of catalyst,and barriers to product separation.Elucidating the generation mechanism of humins,developing efficient inhibitors,and even utilizing them as a resource,both from the perspective of atom economy and safe production,constitutes a research endeavor replete with challenges and opportunities.Orbiting the critical issue of humins structure and its generation mechanism from cellulose and hemicellulose resources,the random condensation between intermediates such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural,furfural,2,5-dioxo-6-hydroxyhexanal,and 1,2,4-benzenetriol etc.were systematically summarized.Additionally,the presence of lignin in real biorefining processes further promotes the formation of a special type of humins known as"pseudo-lignin".The influences of various factors,including raw materials,reaction temperature and time,acid-base environment,as well as solvent systems and catalysts,on the formation of humins were comprehensively analyzed.To minimize the formation of humins,the design of efficient solvent systems and catalysts is crucial.Furthermore,this review investigates the approaches to value-added applications of humins.The corresponding summary could provide guidance for the development of the humins chemistry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207450,21866017,and 42067056)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-013)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province(No.202101AV070006)。
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants.However,the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation.In this study,the mechanism of 17 alphaethinylestradiol(EE2)biodegradation mediated by humic acid(HA)and three kinds of iron minerals(goethite,magnetite,and pyrite)was investigated.The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2,and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2(48%)was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions.Furthermore,it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals(HO·)was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2.HO·is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II),with aerobic conditions being more conducive.The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system.These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31460371)the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(Grant No.[2014]2061)the Provincial Nation-class Discipline of Biology Foundation(Grant No.GNYL[2017]009FX4KT37).
文摘The cadmium tolerance capacity of Canna orchioides was evaluated using glasshouse experiment to lay a theoretical foundation to broad applications of this species in cadmium(Cd)polluted areas.The plant growth,Cd absorption,and antioxidative enzyme activities of canna plants treated with different Cd concentrations(0,100,and 200mg·kg^(-1)per dry soil)for 30 days were investigated.The results indicated that the growth of roots,leaves and stems was restricted following Cd addition.The bio-concentration factor was the highest in the roots,followed by the leaves,rhizomes,and stems.Compared with the control,the translocation factor decreased sharply after 100mg·kg^(-1)or 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment,whereas the tolerance index decreased significantly under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd exposure.The Cd accumulation rate and total Cd accumulation significantly increased under 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment than the control.Themalondialdehyde content remained unchanged at different Cd concentrations,while the relative electrical conductivity of the root increased significantly following 200mg·kg^(-1)Cd treatment.Cd stress increased significantly the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)in the leaves,whereas only SOD was raised in the roots.The catalase(CAT)and POD activity in the roots did not differ significantly at different Cd concentrations.Conversely,APX in the roots decreased significantly under Cd stress,which suggests that the protective mechanisms in the leaves differ from those in the roots.These results indicated that C.orchioides has a high tolerance for Cd.Furthermore,the reactive oxygen species caused by Cd stress could be effectively scavenged by the antioxidative system.The present study proved that C.orchioides constitutes a promising ornamental plant for use in the restoration of areas contaminated with Cd.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401558)the Application Fundamental Key Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2013FA011)+1 种基金the Education Department Science Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2014J022)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2014T70887)
文摘17α-Ethynylestradiol（EE2） in natural waters may cause adverse effects on organisms due to its high estrogenic potency. Laboratory studies were performed to study the effects of a local humic acid（LHA）, fulvic acid（LFA） and Aldrich humic acid（AHA） on the photochemical behavior and estrogenic potency of EE2. Here photolytic experiments demonstrated that pure aqueous EE2 could undergo direct and self-sensitized photodegradation at a global rate of 0.0068 hr^-1.Photodegradation rate of EE2 in 5.0 mg/L dissolved humic substances（DHS） was determined to be 0.0274, 0.0296 and 0.0254 hr^-1 for LHA, LFA and AHA, respectively. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） and triplet dissolved humic substances（^3DHS＊） scavenging experiments indicated that the promotion effect of DHS on EE2 photodegradation was mainly aroused by the reactions of HOU（35%–50%）,~1O2（〈10%） andDHS＊（22%–34%）. However, the photodegradation of EE2 could also be inhibited when DHS exceeded the threshold of 10 mg/L. Three hydroxylation products of EE2 were identified using GC–MS and their formation pathways were also proposed. In vitro estrogenicity tests showed that EE2 was transformed into chemicals without estrogenic potency. These findings could extend our knowledge on the photochemical behaviors of steroid estrogens in sunlit natural waters.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.U23A20692).
文摘Conductive gels are utilized as wearable sensors in flexible electronic materials due to their human skin-like adaptability.However,achieving high strength,durability,and sustainability simultaneously remains a challenge.In this study,a tough,durable,recyclable,green,and multifunctional semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was developed and enhanced by lignin@polypyrrole core-shell nanoparticles(LP9).The semi-interpenetrating network organohydrogel was constructed using environmentally friendly poly(vinyl alcohol)and bio-based gelatin.The LP9 was synthesized via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on lignin nanoparticles,serving as rigid anchors to enhance the gel’s properties and eliminate heterogeneity through hydrogen bonding.With 5%of LP9,the organohydrogel(5LP9)demonstrated a tensile strength of 2.5MPa,elongation of 700%,conductivity of 432 mS/m,and a gauge factor of 1.7 with a good linearity,highlighting its excellent performance as an electronic conductive material.In addition,the organohydrogel exhibited remarkable environmental stability,antimicrobial properties,recyclability,and biocompatibility.When applied to human motion detection,voice recognition,and gesture recognition,the organohydrogel showcased excellent recognition ability,responsive functionality,and long-term monitoring stability.These findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing green and programmable wearable sensors for human-machine interaction,incorporating deep learning such as letter-writing recognition.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51878321 and 21866017)Application Fundamental Research Foundation of Yunnan Province,China(No.2018FA007).
文摘The large amount of municipal wastewater discharged into urban rivers sometimes exceeds the rivers’self-purification capacity leading to black-odorous polluted water.Electro-flocculation has emerged as a powerful remediation technology.Electro-flocculation in a bubble column tower with a bipolar electrode(BPE)was tested in an attempt to overcome the high resistance and weak gas-floatation observed with a monopolar electrode(MPE)in treating such water.The BPE reactor tested had a Ti/Ta2O_(5)-IrO_(2)anode and a graphite cathode with an iron or aluminum bipolar electrode suspended between them.It was tested for its ability to reduce turbidity,phosphate and sulphion and to increase the concentration of dissolved oxygen.The inclusion of the bipolar electrode was found to distinctly improved the system’s conductivity.The system’s electro-flocculation and electrical floatation removed turbidity,phosphate and sulphion completely,and the dissolved oxygen level improved from 0.29 to 6.28 mg/L.An aluminum bipolar electrode performed better than an iron one.Changes in the structure of the microbial community confirmed a significant improvement in water quality.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21866017 and 42067056)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(China)(202101BE070001-013 and 202201AU070157)the Foundation for Distinguished Young Talents of Yunnan Province(China)(202101AV070006).
文摘Dissolved organic matter(DOM)from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs)contains abundant photosensitive substances,which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol(EE2).Nevertheless,information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate.This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic(A2/O)process.The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM,tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances,microbial humuslike substances,and humic-like components.The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM(P<0.05).The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2.DOM extracted from the A2/O process,especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes.Four types of components(water-soluble organic matter(WSOM),extracellular polymeric substance,humic acid,and fulvic acid)were separated from the A2/O process DOM.WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation.Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances.This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs,and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.
