Plant anatomy is patterned early during leaf development which suggests studying the spatial–temporal transcriptomes of primordia will help identify critical regulative and functional genes.We successfully isolated t...Plant anatomy is patterned early during leaf development which suggests studying the spatial–temporal transcriptomes of primordia will help identify critical regulative and functional genes.We successfully isolated the leaf primordia tissues from the C3grass rice and the C4grass foxtail millet by laser capture microdissection(LCM)and studied the gene expression throughout leaf developmental stages.Our data analysis uncovered the conserved expression patterns of certain gene clusters both in rice and foxtail millet during leaf development.We revealed genes and transcription factors involved in vein formation,stomatal development,and suberin accumulation.We identified 79 candidate genes associated with functional regulation of C4anatomy formation.Screening phenotype of the candidate genes revealed that knock-out of a putative polar auxin transport related gene NAL1 resulted significantly reduced veinal space in rice leaf.Our present work provides a foundation for future analyses of genes with novel functions in grasses and their role in leaf development,in particular the role in leaves with a contrasting C3vs.C4biosynthetic pathway.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are the primary cause of death worldwide.About 17.9 million people died from CVD in 2019,accounting for 32%of deaths globally and threat-ening public health(WHO 2021).
Owing to the susceptibility of conventional observational studies to confounding factors and reverse causation,the causal association between cardiac function and frailty is unclear.We aimed to investigate whether car...Owing to the susceptibility of conventional observational studies to confounding factors and reverse causation,the causal association between cardiac function and frailty is unclear.We aimed to investigate whether cardiac function has causal effects on frailty.In this study,a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study was conducted using genetic variants associated with cardiac function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes as instrumental variables.Genetic variants asso-ciated with cardiac function by magnetic resonance imaging(including seven cardiac function phenotypes)and the frailty index(FI)were obtained from two large genome-wide association studies.MR estimates from each genetic instrument were combined using inverse variance weighted(IVW),weighted median,and MR‒Egger regression methods.We found that the increase in genetically determined stroke volume(beta-0.13,95%CI-0.16 to-0.10,p=1.39E-6),rather than other cardiac phenotypes,was associated with lower FI in MR analysis of IVW after Bonferroni correction.Sensitivity analyses examining potential bias caused by pleiotropy or reverse causality revealed similar findings(e.g.,intercept[SE],-0.008[0.011],p=0.47 by MR‒Egger intercept test).The leave-one-out analysis indicated that the association was not driven by single nucleotide polymorphisms.No evidence of heterogeneity was found among the genetic variants(e.g.,MR‒Egger:Q statistic=14.4,p=0.156).In conclusion,we provided evidence that improved cardiac function could contribute to reducing FI.These findings support the hypothesis that enhancing cardiac function could be an effective prevention strategy for frailty.展开更多
Ethanol stress is an important environmental factor that affects physiological metabolism and aroma-producing capacity of yeast during the brewing process of alcoholic products.To explore the mechanisms of the growth ...Ethanol stress is an important environmental factor that affects physiological metabolism and aroma-producing capacity of yeast during the brewing process of alcoholic products.To explore the mechanisms of the growth and aroma-producing metabolism of Pichia anomala under ethanol stress,transcriptomic and metabolomic results were collected from different concentrations(3%,6%and 9%)of the ethanol stressor,and genes,metabolites and metabolic pathways that relate to growth and aroma-producing were screened.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that P.anomala could respond to ethanol stress by activating purine and pyrimidine,glycerophospholipid and antioxidant metabolic pathways.However,the damage to the growth of P.anomala under ethanol stress was closely related to the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism,ABC transporter,energy metabolism and amino acid pathways,the influence on these pathways became more serious with the increase of ethanol concentrations.Meantime,the decrease in production of phenethyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol was related to the significantly down-regulated of ARO9,ARO10,ADH1 and ADH2 genes expression in phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,and glycolysis pathways of P.anomala under ethanol stress.The enhanced expression of ATF1,EAT1,EEB1 and TGL2 genes in P.anomala was the main reason for the high yield of ethyl caproate and ethyl acetate under ethanol stress.These results revealed a theoretical basis for further study of the effect mechanisms of ethanol stress on P.anomala and molecular targets for the construction of genetic engineering strains with high ethanol tolerance and high aroma production.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(NKRDP)(2022YFF1001700)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(2020YFE0202300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871313)。
文摘Plant anatomy is patterned early during leaf development which suggests studying the spatial–temporal transcriptomes of primordia will help identify critical regulative and functional genes.We successfully isolated the leaf primordia tissues from the C3grass rice and the C4grass foxtail millet by laser capture microdissection(LCM)and studied the gene expression throughout leaf developmental stages.Our data analysis uncovered the conserved expression patterns of certain gene clusters both in rice and foxtail millet during leaf development.We revealed genes and transcription factors involved in vein formation,stomatal development,and suberin accumulation.We identified 79 candidate genes associated with functional regulation of C4anatomy formation.Screening phenotype of the candidate genes revealed that knock-out of a putative polar auxin transport related gene NAL1 resulted significantly reduced veinal space in rice leaf.Our present work provides a foundation for future analyses of genes with novel functions in grasses and their role in leaf development,in particular the role in leaves with a contrasting C3vs.C4biosynthetic pathway.
基金supported by grants from“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Programs of Zhejiang Province(2023C03163,2025C02104)the FORCHN Holding Group-Zhejiang University Collaborative Project(2020-KYY-518051-0066)+4 种基金Major Humanities and Social Sciences Research Projects in Zhejiang higher education institutions(2023GH034)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01)Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine(2020E10004)Zhejiang University Global Partnership FundZhejiang University School of Public Health Interdisciplinary Research Innovation Team Development Project.
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are the primary cause of death worldwide.About 17.9 million people died from CVD in 2019,accounting for 32%of deaths globally and threat-ening public health(WHO 2021).
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Programme of China(2018YFC2000400,2018YFC2000400-3,2018YFC2002000)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01).
文摘Owing to the susceptibility of conventional observational studies to confounding factors and reverse causation,the causal association between cardiac function and frailty is unclear.We aimed to investigate whether cardiac function has causal effects on frailty.In this study,a two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)study was conducted using genetic variants associated with cardiac function assessed by magnetic resonance imaging phenotypes as instrumental variables.Genetic variants asso-ciated with cardiac function by magnetic resonance imaging(including seven cardiac function phenotypes)and the frailty index(FI)were obtained from two large genome-wide association studies.MR estimates from each genetic instrument were combined using inverse variance weighted(IVW),weighted median,and MR‒Egger regression methods.We found that the increase in genetically determined stroke volume(beta-0.13,95%CI-0.16 to-0.10,p=1.39E-6),rather than other cardiac phenotypes,was associated with lower FI in MR analysis of IVW after Bonferroni correction.Sensitivity analyses examining potential bias caused by pleiotropy or reverse causality revealed similar findings(e.g.,intercept[SE],-0.008[0.011],p=0.47 by MR‒Egger intercept test).The leave-one-out analysis indicated that the association was not driven by single nucleotide polymorphisms.No evidence of heterogeneity was found among the genetic variants(e.g.,MR‒Egger:Q statistic=14.4,p=0.156).In conclusion,we provided evidence that improved cardiac function could contribute to reducing FI.These findings support the hypothesis that enhancing cardiac function could be an effective prevention strategy for frailty.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31960474)Research Project of Liquor Making Biological Technology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(NJ2022-02)Research Project of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology(SKLF-ZZB-202116).
文摘Ethanol stress is an important environmental factor that affects physiological metabolism and aroma-producing capacity of yeast during the brewing process of alcoholic products.To explore the mechanisms of the growth and aroma-producing metabolism of Pichia anomala under ethanol stress,transcriptomic and metabolomic results were collected from different concentrations(3%,6%and 9%)of the ethanol stressor,and genes,metabolites and metabolic pathways that relate to growth and aroma-producing were screened.Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that P.anomala could respond to ethanol stress by activating purine and pyrimidine,glycerophospholipid and antioxidant metabolic pathways.However,the damage to the growth of P.anomala under ethanol stress was closely related to the inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism,ABC transporter,energy metabolism and amino acid pathways,the influence on these pathways became more serious with the increase of ethanol concentrations.Meantime,the decrease in production of phenethyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol was related to the significantly down-regulated of ARO9,ARO10,ADH1 and ADH2 genes expression in phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan,and glycolysis pathways of P.anomala under ethanol stress.The enhanced expression of ATF1,EAT1,EEB1 and TGL2 genes in P.anomala was the main reason for the high yield of ethyl caproate and ethyl acetate under ethanol stress.These results revealed a theoretical basis for further study of the effect mechanisms of ethanol stress on P.anomala and molecular targets for the construction of genetic engineering strains with high ethanol tolerance and high aroma production.
