To investigate the genetic variation patterns of multiple traits in Pinus sibirica half_sibling families introduced to the Greater Khingan Range,this study aims to establish a comprehensive trait evaluation system bas...To investigate the genetic variation patterns of multiple traits in Pinus sibirica half_sibling families introduced to the Greater Khingan Range,this study aims to establish a comprehensive trait evaluation system based on genetic parameters and identify fast-growing,high-quality genetic materials.The findings provide scientific support for advanced-generation seed orchard development and multiobjective genetic improvement.A total of 66 half-sibling families from a 26-year-old trial plantation of the Tomsk seed source were evaluated.Eleven traits were measured,including growth traits(tree height,diameter at breast height,volume,and crown width),morphological traits(lateral branch diameter),wood quality traits(Pilodyn value),and needle traits(fresh weight,dry weight,moisture content,needle length,and needle width).Genetic parameters were estimated using variance component decomposition.Superior families with favorable performance in both growth and wood density traits were identified using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction(BLUP)weighted by genetic correla-tion coefficients.Additionally,individual tree selection was conducted based on growth traits using the index selection method.Significant genetic differences among families(Z ratio>1.50)were observed for 10 traits,including growth,wood density,and needle traits.The phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV:5.05%-62.50%)and genetic coefficient of variation(GCV:2.19%-13.81%)exhibited substantial heterogeneity.Volume displayed the highest variation(PCV=62.50%,GCV=13.81%),while the highest family heritability was observed for the needle length-to-width ratio(h^(2)=78.30%),and the highest individual heritability was rec-orded for needle moisture content(H^(2)=95.22%).Genetic correlations analysis revealed strong positive associ-ations between volume and tree height(r=0.880),diameter at br-east height(r=0.968),and Pilodyn value(r=0.508).Using the BLUP method,13 superior families(e.g.,Families 59,11 and 51)were identified,with an average genetic gain in volume of 13.377%and a family retention rate of 70%,significantly exceeding the population mean(65.10%).Th-rough index selection,94 elite individual trees were selected,52.14%of which originated from superior families.The genetic gain in individual tree volume reached 26.80%,with the within family gain for elite individuals increasing to 28.47%.This study establishes the first multitrait genetic evaluation model for P.sibirica and proposes a“familyindividual”collaborative selection strategy.The selected superior families achieved avolume genetic gain of 3.864%-32.307%and an overall geneticgain of 2.729%-20.069%,while elite individual trees exhibited a volume genetic gain of 16.328%-52.716%.These findings would provide critical technical support for multi-objective breeding and seed orchard development in cold-temperate coniferous species.展开更多
Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon...Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work,and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt%delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1),outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1),and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg^(−1) together with superior coulombic efficiency of~100%.Additionally,the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments,which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical medicine.Besides,Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn–Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data.Thus,a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.展开更多
Magneto-mechanical coupling vibration arises in the in-vessel components of Tokamak devices especially during the plasma disruption. Strong electromagnetic forces cause the structures to vibrate while the motion in tu...Magneto-mechanical coupling vibration arises in the in-vessel components of Tokamak devices especially during the plasma disruption. Strong electromagnetic forces cause the structures to vibrate while the motion in turn changes the distribution of the electromagnetic field. To ensure the Tokamak devices operating in a designed state, numerical analysis on the coupling vibration is of great importance. This paper introduces two numerical methods for the magneto-mechanical coupling problems. The coupling term of velocity and magnetic flux density is manipulated in both Eulerian and Lagrangian description, which brings much simplification in numerical implementation. Corresponding numerical codes have been developed and applied to the dynamic simulation of a test module in J-TEXT and the vacuum vessel of HL-2M during plasma disruptions. The results reveal the evident influence of the magnetic stiffness and magnetic damping effects on the vibration behavior of the in-vessel structures. Finally, to deal with the halo current injection problem, a numerical scheme is described and validated which can simulate the distribution of the halo current without complicated manipulations.展开更多
The mechanical properties and internal quality of low carbon martensite Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC)stainless steel castings are superior to that of sand casting ones. The key technologies for the equipments a...The mechanical properties and internal quality of low carbon martensite Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC)stainless steel castings are superior to that of sand casting ones. The key technologies for the equipments and ESRCprocesses have been resolved during the experimental research period of guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for ThreeGorges project. And ESRC guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for Three Gorges project have been produced successfully.展开更多
Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the ...Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.展开更多
The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau,and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau.Previous studies on this area mainly focu...The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau,and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau.Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard,with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism.This paper uses the latest dense GPS data,combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone(LMSF)and the Longriba fault zone(LRBF).The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting,indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed,suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution,indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments.The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes.The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics,which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electroch...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.展开更多
Aiming at the problem of open set voiceprint recognition, this paper proposes an adaptive threshold algorithm based on OTSU and deep learning. The bottleneck technology of open set voiceprint recognition lies in the c...Aiming at the problem of open set voiceprint recognition, this paper proposes an adaptive threshold algorithm based on OTSU and deep learning. The bottleneck technology of open set voiceprint recognition lies in the calculation of similarity values and thresholds of speakers inside and outside the set. This paper combines deep learning and machine learning methods, and uses a Deep Belief Network stacked with three layers of Restricted Boltzmann Machines to extract deep voice features from basic acoustic features. And by training the Gaussian Mixture Model, this paper calculates the similarity value of the feature, and further determines the threshold of the similarity value of the feature through OTSU. After experimental testing, the algorithm in this paper has a false rejection rate of 3.00% for specific speakers, a false acceptance rate of 0.35% for internal speakers, and a false acceptance rate of 0 for external speakers. This improves the accuracy of traditional methods in open set voiceprint recognition. This proves that the method is feasible and good recognition effect.展开更多
Lattice structures have attracted extensive attention in the field of engineering materials due to their characteristics of lightweight and high strength.This paper combines topology optimization with additive manufac...Lattice structures have attracted extensive attention in the field of engineering materials due to their characteristics of lightweight and high strength.This paper combines topology optimization with additive manufacturing to investigate how pore shape in Triply Periodic Minimal Surface(TPMS)structures affects mechanical properties and energy absorption performance.The periodic lattice structures(Triangle lattice,rectangle lattice and Rectangle lattice)and aperiodic mixed structures are designed,including a variety of lattice structures such as circle-circle and triangle-triangle(CCTT),triangle-triangle and rectangle-rectangle(TTRR),circle-circle and rectangle-rectangle(CCRR),triangle-circle-circle-triangle(TCCT),rectangle-triangle-triangle-rectangle(RTTR)and rectangle-circle-circle-rectangle(RCCR).The anisotropy of the unit cells is compared by using the homogenization method.The deformation modes,mechanical properties,and energy absorption efficiency of lattice structures are evaluated systematically by finite element analysis and compression experiments.The results demonstrate that the circle lattice exhibits significantly superior performance in Young’s modulus,compressive strength,toughness,and energy absorption characteristics compared to the triangle lattice and the rectangle lattice.Among aperiodic structures,TCCT shows better comprehensive mechanical properties,while TTRR exhibits relatively inferior performance.The periodic structures possess overall superior mechanical performance.This study demonstrates that the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics can be optimized by controlling the pore shape of TPMS lattice structures.This provides an important insight into lightweight structure design in the engineering field.展开更多
The contradiction between mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys is a roadblock for their widespread applications.In this study,we developed a hot-extruded Mg-8Gd-1Er-8Zn-1Mn alloy with hig...The contradiction between mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys is a roadblock for their widespread applications.In this study,we developed a hot-extruded Mg-8Gd-1Er-8Zn-1Mn alloy with high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity via dual-phase,W-phase andα-Mn,synergistically strengthening.The alloy extruded at 300℃ exhibited the yield strength and elongation of 372 MPa and 12%,respectively,it simultaneously demonstrated a high thermal conductivity of 134.3W/(m·K).After extrusion,the original coarse W-phase in the alloy was broken into near-spheroidal particles,which reduced the probability of electron scattering.In addition,a large number of solute atoms dynamically precipitated in the form of nanoscale rod-like W-phase andα-Mn,makingα-Mg matrix revert to a nearly periodic arrangement state.The high yield strength of the alloy is predominantly determined by grain boundary strengthening as well as W-phase andα-Mn dual-phase strengthening.Notably,the strategy of dual-phase strengthening provides a valuable approach for developing structure-function integrated Mg alloys.展开更多
Objective To assess efficacy and safety of mirabegron 25 mg/day and 50 mg/day for overactive bladder in Chinese participants.Methods Participants of≥18 years with overactive bladder symptoms lasting for≥12 weeks,a m...Objective To assess efficacy and safety of mirabegron 25 mg/day and 50 mg/day for overactive bladder in Chinese participants.Methods Participants of≥18 years with overactive bladder symptoms lasting for≥12 weeks,a mean of≥8 micturitions per 24 h,and a mean of at least one episode of Grade 3 or 4 urgency or urge incontinence per 24 h based on the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale over a 3-day micturition diary period were randomized 2:1 to open-label treatment with oral mirabegron 50 mg or 25 mg once daily for 12 weeks(15 sites in China,January 2021–March 2022).A dose escalation from 25 mg/day to 50 mg/day was permitted at weeks 4 and 8 according to the investigators'discretion.The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 12 in the mean number of micturitions per 24 h in those randomized to mirabegron 50 mg/day.Secondary efficacy endpoints were the change in mean number of micturitions at weeks 4 and 8 in the mirabegron 50 mg/day group and weeks 4,8,and 12 in the mirabegron 25 mg/day group,change from baseline to weeks 4,8,and 12 in Grade 3 or 4 urgency episodes on the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale,episodes of daytime incontinence,nighttime incontinence,and urgency incontinence,and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score for mirabegron 50 mg/day and 25 mg/day groups.Results Statistically significant reduction(p<0.001)from baseline to Week 12 was observed in mean micturitions per 24 h for participants randomized to mirabegron 50 mg/day:mean±standard error:11.71±0.43 at baseline,7.80±0.24 at Week 12;adjusted mean change:−3.73(95%confidence interval−4.30 to−3.16).Both doses showed statistically significant improvement in secondary efficacy endpoints at weeks 4,8,and 12 versus baseline.Safety was consistent with mirabegron's known safety profile.Conclusion The results support a mirabegron dosage of 50 mg/day for the treatment of OAB in China.展开更多
With the simultaneous growth of cultural heritage activation and urban renewal needs,urban heritage parks are increasingly becoming important carriers for the integrated development of historical heritage protection a...With the simultaneous growth of cultural heritage activation and urban renewal needs,urban heritage parks are increasingly becoming important carriers for the integrated development of historical heritage protection and public space utilization.This article focuses on the construction of measurement dimensions of tourist experience value in urban heritage parks.Based on the theoretical frameworks of flow theory and experience value theory,combined with literature analysis and UGC text mining,it initially constructs an emotional,cultural,and functional three-dimensional index system.Through text analysis of 970 online reviews of Chongqing Kaifa Heritage Park,social value is identified as a potential new dimension.Subsequently,this article adopts exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods to verify the structural validity and reliability of the evaluation model with four dimensions and eighteen indicators,confirming that tourist experience value consists of four dimensions:emotional,cultural,functional,and social.The research not only fills the empirical research gap on social interaction value in cultural heritage tourism spaces,but also provides a quantifiable evaluation tool and evidence-based basis for the operation,management,and experience optimization of heritage parks,which has certain theoretical innovation significance and practical guidance value.展开更多
Urban black blooms that are primarily caused by organic carbon are deleterious environmental problems.However,detailed studies on the microbial characteristics that form urban black blooms are lacking.In this study,we...Urban black blooms that are primarily caused by organic carbon are deleterious environmental problems.However,detailed studies on the microbial characteristics that form urban black blooms are lacking.In this study,we observed the composition,diversity,and function of bacterial community in the overlying water and sediments during the occurrence and remediation of urban black blooms using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis.First,we found that pivotal consortia in the overlying water increased significantly during the formation of black blooms,including the genera Acidovorax,Brevundimonas,Pusillimonas,and Burkholderiales involved in the degradation of refractory organics,as well as the genera Desulfovibrio,Dechloromonas,and Rhizobium related to the production of black and odorous substances.An RDA analysis revealed that chemical oxygen demand,dissolved oxygen,and oxidation reduction potential were related to the changes in microbial community composition.Furthermore,aeration was found to accelerate the removal of ammonia nitrogen and enhance the function of microbial community by stimulating the growth of order Planktomycetes during the remediation of black blooms,but aeration substantially damaged the microbial diversity and richness.Therefore,the health of the aquatic ecosystem should be comprehensively considered when aeration is applied to restore polluted waterbodies.Notably,we observed a large number of pathogenic bacteria in urban black blooms,which emphasizes the importance of treating domestic sewage so that it is harmless.Together,these findings provide new insights and a basis to prevent and manage urban black blooms.展开更多
In this work,the flow fields in three-dimensional(3D)sidewall compression inlets are investigated theoretically and numerically.Combining spatial dimension reduction theory with the shock dynamics theory,a detailed an...In this work,the flow fields in three-dimensional(3D)sidewall compression inlets are investigated theoretically and numerically.Combining spatial dimension reduction theory with the shock dynamics theory,a detailed analysis of the flowfield in the compression part of an inlet is proposed.Using this analytical approach,wave configurations are determined and flowfield parameters are solved;numerical simulations are conducted to validate these theoretical results.The effects of the attack angle and yaw angle on the pressure ratio,wave structures,and total pressure recovery performance are discussed in detail.Findings offer an effective way to study shock/shock interaction(SSI)in sidewall inlets,which is essential to the designing of such inlets.展开更多
The theory of compressed sensing(CS)has been proposed to reduce the processing time and accelerate the scanning process.In this paper,the image recovery task is considered to outsource to the cloud server for its abun...The theory of compressed sensing(CS)has been proposed to reduce the processing time and accelerate the scanning process.In this paper,the image recovery task is considered to outsource to the cloud server for its abundant computing and storage resources.However,the cloud server is untrusted then may pose a considerable amount of concern for potential privacy leakage.How to protect data privacy and simultaneously maintain management of the image remains challenging.Motivated by the above challenge,we propose an image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system,CS and image saliency.In our scheme,we outsource the image CS samples to cloud for reduced storage and portable computing.Consider privacy,the scheme ensures the cloud to securely reconstruct image.Theoretical analysis and experiment show the scheme achieves effectiveness,efficiency and high security simultaneously.展开更多
Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifi...Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.展开更多
Acoustic signals play an important role in animal communication systems,and these signals can transfer diverse and meaningful information from a signaler to a receiver(e.g.,Yu et al.2019).Animal signals tend to be hon...Acoustic signals play an important role in animal communication systems,and these signals can transfer diverse and meaningful information from a signaler to a receiver(e.g.,Yu et al.2019).Animal signals tend to be honest;however,deception can occur when it is beneficial for receivers to send dishonest signals,such as by mimicking alarm calls to steal food from other individuals(Flower et al.2014).In birds,vocal mimicry is a widespread phenomenon that has 2 major functional explanation categories:intraspecific and interspecific communications(Dalziell et al.2015).Vocal mimicry in intraspecific communication mainly involves sexual selection and social affiliation(Dalziell et al.2015).In interspecific communication,studies on vocal mimicry are mostly related to predator–prey interactions(Dalziell et al.2015).Mimics could mimic calls of predators to scare off other predators or competitors.For example,some species of hole-nesting birds produce a snakelike hissing call to drive nest predators away(e.g.,Dutour et al.2020).Receiver should be particularly sensitive to the deceptive vocals of mimics if failing to respond to an actual model sound is costly.Therefore,the mimics could derive an advantage from mimicking the calls of predators of the receivers.A recent experimental study suggested that the bubbling calls of female common cuckoo Cuculus canorus mimic those of Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus,and they primarily serve to distract regular hosts after laying eggs(York and Davies 2017).However,Xia et al.(2019)found that female cuckoo calls have other functions,including attracting mates and repelling rivals.展开更多
基金funded by the Key Science and Technology Program of the State Forestry Administration(Project No.:2001-31(1))the Scientific Research Project of Greater Khingan Range Forestry Group Co.,Ltd.(Project No.:s2023001)。
文摘To investigate the genetic variation patterns of multiple traits in Pinus sibirica half_sibling families introduced to the Greater Khingan Range,this study aims to establish a comprehensive trait evaluation system based on genetic parameters and identify fast-growing,high-quality genetic materials.The findings provide scientific support for advanced-generation seed orchard development and multiobjective genetic improvement.A total of 66 half-sibling families from a 26-year-old trial plantation of the Tomsk seed source were evaluated.Eleven traits were measured,including growth traits(tree height,diameter at breast height,volume,and crown width),morphological traits(lateral branch diameter),wood quality traits(Pilodyn value),and needle traits(fresh weight,dry weight,moisture content,needle length,and needle width).Genetic parameters were estimated using variance component decomposition.Superior families with favorable performance in both growth and wood density traits were identified using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction(BLUP)weighted by genetic correla-tion coefficients.Additionally,individual tree selection was conducted based on growth traits using the index selection method.Significant genetic differences among families(Z ratio>1.50)were observed for 10 traits,including growth,wood density,and needle traits.The phenotypic coefficient of variation(PCV:5.05%-62.50%)and genetic coefficient of variation(GCV:2.19%-13.81%)exhibited substantial heterogeneity.Volume displayed the highest variation(PCV=62.50%,GCV=13.81%),while the highest family heritability was observed for the needle length-to-width ratio(h^(2)=78.30%),and the highest individual heritability was rec-orded for needle moisture content(H^(2)=95.22%).Genetic correlations analysis revealed strong positive associ-ations between volume and tree height(r=0.880),diameter at br-east height(r=0.968),and Pilodyn value(r=0.508).Using the BLUP method,13 superior families(e.g.,Families 59,11 and 51)were identified,with an average genetic gain in volume of 13.377%and a family retention rate of 70%,significantly exceeding the population mean(65.10%).Th-rough index selection,94 elite individual trees were selected,52.14%of which originated from superior families.The genetic gain in individual tree volume reached 26.80%,with the within family gain for elite individuals increasing to 28.47%.This study establishes the first multitrait genetic evaluation model for P.sibirica and proposes a“familyindividual”collaborative selection strategy.The selected superior families achieved avolume genetic gain of 3.864%-32.307%and an overall geneticgain of 2.729%-20.069%,while elite individual trees exhibited a volume genetic gain of 16.328%-52.716%.These findings would provide critical technical support for multi-objective breeding and seed orchard development in cold-temperate coniferous species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant no.51821004].
文摘Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable future.Therefore,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work,and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt%delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1),outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1),and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg^(−1) together with superior coulombic efficiency of~100%.Additionally,the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments,which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical medicine.Besides,Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn–Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental data.Thus,a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.
基金the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Program of China(Grant 2013GB113005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants51577139 and 51407132)for funding in part
文摘Magneto-mechanical coupling vibration arises in the in-vessel components of Tokamak devices especially during the plasma disruption. Strong electromagnetic forces cause the structures to vibrate while the motion in turn changes the distribution of the electromagnetic field. To ensure the Tokamak devices operating in a designed state, numerical analysis on the coupling vibration is of great importance. This paper introduces two numerical methods for the magneto-mechanical coupling problems. The coupling term of velocity and magnetic flux density is manipulated in both Eulerian and Lagrangian description, which brings much simplification in numerical implementation. Corresponding numerical codes have been developed and applied to the dynamic simulation of a test module in J-TEXT and the vacuum vessel of HL-2M during plasma disruptions. The results reveal the evident influence of the magnetic stiffness and magnetic damping effects on the vibration behavior of the in-vessel structures. Finally, to deal with the halo current injection problem, a numerical scheme is described and validated which can simulate the distribution of the halo current without complicated manipulations.
文摘The mechanical properties and internal quality of low carbon martensite Electroslag Remelting Casting (ESRC)stainless steel castings are superior to that of sand casting ones. The key technologies for the equipments and ESRCprocesses have been resolved during the experimental research period of guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for ThreeGorges project. And ESRC guide vanes of hydraulic turbines for Three Gorges project have been produced successfully.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421361)National Science Foundation of China(42371223,41901331)Innovation Project of LREIS(O88RA205YA,O88RA200YA).
文摘Objective The occurrence of chickenpox in rapidly developing areas poses substantial seasonal risk to children.However,certain factors influencing local chickenpox outbreaks have not been studied.Here,we examined the relationship between spatial clustering,heterogeneity of chickenpox outbreaks,and socioeconomic factors in Southern China.Methods We assessed chickenpox outbreak data from Southern China between 2006 and 2021,comprising both relatively fast-growing parts and slower sub-regions,and provides a representative sample of many developing regions.We analyzed the spatial clustering attributes associated with chickenpox outbreaks using Moran’s I and local indicators of spatial association and quantified their socioeconomic determinants using Geodetector q statistics.Results There were significant spatial heterogeneity in the risk of chickenpox outbreaks,with strong correlations between chickenpox risk and various factors,particularly demographics and living environment.Furthermore,interactive effects among specific are factors,such as population density and per capita residential building area,percentage of households with toilets,percentage of rental housing,exhibited q statistics of 0.28,0.25,and 0.24,respectively.Conclusion This study provides valuable insights into the spatial dynamics of chickenpox outbreaks in rapidly developing regions,revealing the socioeconomic factors affecting disease transmission.These implications extend the formulation of effective public health strategies and interventions to prevent and control chickenpox outbreaks in similar global contexts.
文摘The Longmenshan-Longriba region is located on the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau,and is an ideal place to study the eastward extrusion and uplift mechanism of the plateau.Previous studies on this area mainly focused on tectonic activity and seismic hazard,with few studies giving its overall deformation characteristics and dynamic mechanism.This paper uses the latest dense GPS data,combined with precise Leveling data to analyze the kinematic characteristics and deformation mode of the Longmenshan fault zone(LMSF)and the Longriba fault zone(LRBF).The results show that both the Longmenshan fault zone and the Longriba fault zone have certain right-lateral strike-slip and thrusting,indicating that they play an important role in adjusting strain distribution and absorbing tectonic deformation;The strain-rate field on the Longriba fault zone is broadly distributed,suggesting that the deformation field is at least partially coupled;while the strain-rate field on the Longmenshan fault zone presents a non-uniform distribution,indicating different dynamic sources acting on segments.The high strain rate areas revealed in this study points us to the high-risk area for future earthquakes.The present-day vertical motion velocity field in the region obtained from Leveling and GPS data shows a mismatch between the regional deformation field and active tectonics,which can be explained by the incomplete coupling of deformation between the lower and upper crust.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2024209118,B2022209026)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program(No.246Z4414G)+2 种基金Key Research Project Focused on Basic Research of Hebei Province Education Department(No.JZX2024026)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tangshan City(No.24130217C)Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology(No.QNTJ202309)
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.
文摘Aiming at the problem of open set voiceprint recognition, this paper proposes an adaptive threshold algorithm based on OTSU and deep learning. The bottleneck technology of open set voiceprint recognition lies in the calculation of similarity values and thresholds of speakers inside and outside the set. This paper combines deep learning and machine learning methods, and uses a Deep Belief Network stacked with three layers of Restricted Boltzmann Machines to extract deep voice features from basic acoustic features. And by training the Gaussian Mixture Model, this paper calculates the similarity value of the feature, and further determines the threshold of the similarity value of the feature through OTSU. After experimental testing, the algorithm in this paper has a false rejection rate of 3.00% for specific speakers, a false acceptance rate of 0.35% for internal speakers, and a false acceptance rate of 0 for external speakers. This improves the accuracy of traditional methods in open set voiceprint recognition. This proves that the method is feasible and good recognition effect.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 52175236).
文摘Lattice structures have attracted extensive attention in the field of engineering materials due to their characteristics of lightweight and high strength.This paper combines topology optimization with additive manufacturing to investigate how pore shape in Triply Periodic Minimal Surface(TPMS)structures affects mechanical properties and energy absorption performance.The periodic lattice structures(Triangle lattice,rectangle lattice and Rectangle lattice)and aperiodic mixed structures are designed,including a variety of lattice structures such as circle-circle and triangle-triangle(CCTT),triangle-triangle and rectangle-rectangle(TTRR),circle-circle and rectangle-rectangle(CCRR),triangle-circle-circle-triangle(TCCT),rectangle-triangle-triangle-rectangle(RTTR)and rectangle-circle-circle-rectangle(RCCR).The anisotropy of the unit cells is compared by using the homogenization method.The deformation modes,mechanical properties,and energy absorption efficiency of lattice structures are evaluated systematically by finite element analysis and compression experiments.The results demonstrate that the circle lattice exhibits significantly superior performance in Young’s modulus,compressive strength,toughness,and energy absorption characteristics compared to the triangle lattice and the rectangle lattice.Among aperiodic structures,TCCT shows better comprehensive mechanical properties,while TTRR exhibits relatively inferior performance.The periodic structures possess overall superior mechanical performance.This study demonstrates that the mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics can be optimized by controlling the pore shape of TPMS lattice structures.This provides an important insight into lightweight structure design in the engineering field.
基金supported by the Nation Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3701100).
文摘The contradiction between mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys is a roadblock for their widespread applications.In this study,we developed a hot-extruded Mg-8Gd-1Er-8Zn-1Mn alloy with high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity via dual-phase,W-phase andα-Mn,synergistically strengthening.The alloy extruded at 300℃ exhibited the yield strength and elongation of 372 MPa and 12%,respectively,it simultaneously demonstrated a high thermal conductivity of 134.3W/(m·K).After extrusion,the original coarse W-phase in the alloy was broken into near-spheroidal particles,which reduced the probability of electron scattering.In addition,a large number of solute atoms dynamically precipitated in the form of nanoscale rod-like W-phase andα-Mn,makingα-Mg matrix revert to a nearly periodic arrangement state.The high yield strength of the alloy is predominantly determined by grain boundary strengthening as well as W-phase andα-Mn dual-phase strengthening.Notably,the strategy of dual-phase strengthening provides a valuable approach for developing structure-function integrated Mg alloys.
文摘Objective To assess efficacy and safety of mirabegron 25 mg/day and 50 mg/day for overactive bladder in Chinese participants.Methods Participants of≥18 years with overactive bladder symptoms lasting for≥12 weeks,a mean of≥8 micturitions per 24 h,and a mean of at least one episode of Grade 3 or 4 urgency or urge incontinence per 24 h based on the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale over a 3-day micturition diary period were randomized 2:1 to open-label treatment with oral mirabegron 50 mg or 25 mg once daily for 12 weeks(15 sites in China,January 2021–March 2022).A dose escalation from 25 mg/day to 50 mg/day was permitted at weeks 4 and 8 according to the investigators'discretion.The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 12 in the mean number of micturitions per 24 h in those randomized to mirabegron 50 mg/day.Secondary efficacy endpoints were the change in mean number of micturitions at weeks 4 and 8 in the mirabegron 50 mg/day group and weeks 4,8,and 12 in the mirabegron 25 mg/day group,change from baseline to weeks 4,8,and 12 in Grade 3 or 4 urgency episodes on the Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale,episodes of daytime incontinence,nighttime incontinence,and urgency incontinence,and Overactive Bladder Symptom Score for mirabegron 50 mg/day and 25 mg/day groups.Results Statistically significant reduction(p<0.001)from baseline to Week 12 was observed in mean micturitions per 24 h for participants randomized to mirabegron 50 mg/day:mean±standard error:11.71±0.43 at baseline,7.80±0.24 at Week 12;adjusted mean change:−3.73(95%confidence interval−4.30 to−3.16).Both doses showed statistically significant improvement in secondary efficacy endpoints at weeks 4,8,and 12 versus baseline.Safety was consistent with mirabegron's known safety profile.Conclusion The results support a mirabegron dosage of 50 mg/day for the treatment of OAB in China.
基金Research on Evaluation and Improvement Strategies of Tourist Experience Value in Chongqing Kaifa Site Park from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence(Project No.:YKJCX2420807)。
文摘With the simultaneous growth of cultural heritage activation and urban renewal needs,urban heritage parks are increasingly becoming important carriers for the integrated development of historical heritage protection and public space utilization.This article focuses on the construction of measurement dimensions of tourist experience value in urban heritage parks.Based on the theoretical frameworks of flow theory and experience value theory,combined with literature analysis and UGC text mining,it initially constructs an emotional,cultural,and functional three-dimensional index system.Through text analysis of 970 online reviews of Chongqing Kaifa Heritage Park,social value is identified as a potential new dimension.Subsequently,this article adopts exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods to verify the structural validity and reliability of the evaluation model with four dimensions and eighteen indicators,confirming that tourist experience value consists of four dimensions:emotional,cultural,functional,and social.The research not only fills the empirical research gap on social interaction value in cultural heritage tourism spaces,but also provides a quantifiable evaluation tool and evidence-based basis for the operation,management,and experience optimization of heritage parks,which has certain theoretical innovation significance and practical guidance value.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(No.2017SZ0177)Major Science and Technology Project for Environmental Governance and Ecological Protection of Sichuan Province(No.2019YFS0504)+3 种基金Major Science and Technology Project for Environmental Governance and Ecological Protection of Sichuan Province(No.2018SZDZX0024)The Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province(No.2020YFS0021)Strategic Biological Resources Capacity Building Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFJ-BRP-017-59)Major Research and Development Program of Chengdu City–Technological Innovation Research and Development Project(No.2019-YF05-02155-SN)。
文摘Urban black blooms that are primarily caused by organic carbon are deleterious environmental problems.However,detailed studies on the microbial characteristics that form urban black blooms are lacking.In this study,we observed the composition,diversity,and function of bacterial community in the overlying water and sediments during the occurrence and remediation of urban black blooms using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis.First,we found that pivotal consortia in the overlying water increased significantly during the formation of black blooms,including the genera Acidovorax,Brevundimonas,Pusillimonas,and Burkholderiales involved in the degradation of refractory organics,as well as the genera Desulfovibrio,Dechloromonas,and Rhizobium related to the production of black and odorous substances.An RDA analysis revealed that chemical oxygen demand,dissolved oxygen,and oxidation reduction potential were related to the changes in microbial community composition.Furthermore,aeration was found to accelerate the removal of ammonia nitrogen and enhance the function of microbial community by stimulating the growth of order Planktomycetes during the remediation of black blooms,but aeration substantially damaged the microbial diversity and richness.Therefore,the health of the aquatic ecosystem should be comprehensively considered when aeration is applied to restore polluted waterbodies.Notably,we observed a large number of pathogenic bacteria in urban black blooms,which emphasizes the importance of treating domestic sewage so that it is harmless.Together,these findings provide new insights and a basis to prevent and manage urban black blooms.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant 310201906zy009)the Basic Research Plan of Natural Science in Shanxi Provincei-General Project(Youth)(Grant 2019JQ-132).
文摘In this work,the flow fields in three-dimensional(3D)sidewall compression inlets are investigated theoretically and numerically.Combining spatial dimension reduction theory with the shock dynamics theory,a detailed analysis of the flowfield in the compression part of an inlet is proposed.Using this analytical approach,wave configurations are determined and flowfield parameters are solved;numerical simulations are conducted to validate these theoretical results.The effects of the attack angle and yaw angle on the pressure ratio,wave structures,and total pressure recovery performance are discussed in detail.Findings offer an effective way to study shock/shock interaction(SSI)in sidewall inlets,which is essential to the designing of such inlets.
文摘The theory of compressed sensing(CS)has been proposed to reduce the processing time and accelerate the scanning process.In this paper,the image recovery task is considered to outsource to the cloud server for its abundant computing and storage resources.However,the cloud server is untrusted then may pose a considerable amount of concern for potential privacy leakage.How to protect data privacy and simultaneously maintain management of the image remains challenging.Motivated by the above challenge,we propose an image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system,CS and image saliency.In our scheme,we outsource the image CS samples to cloud for reduced storage and portable computing.Consider privacy,the scheme ensures the cloud to securely reconstruct image.Theoretical analysis and experiment show the scheme achieves effectiveness,efficiency and high security simultaneously.
基金financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971402 to H.Wang,32001094 to J.Yu,31870368 to K.Zhang)the High-level Startup Talents Introduced Scientific Research Fund Project of Baotou Teacher's College,China(No.BTTCRCQD2024-C34)。
文摘Individuals may gather information about environmental conditions when deciding where to breed in order to maximize their lifetime fitness.They can obtain social information by observing conspecifics and heterospecifics with similar ecological needs.Many studies have shown that birds can rely on social information to select their nest sites.The location of active nests and the reproductive success of conspecifics and heterospecifics can provide accurate predictions about the quality of the breeding habitat.Some short-lived species can facultatively reproduce two and/or more times within a breeding season.However,few studies have focused on how multiplebrooding individuals select nest sites for their second breeding attempts.In this study,we use long-term data to test whether the Japanese Tit(Parus minor)can use social information from conspecifics and/or heterospecifics(the Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea,the Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus and the Yellow-rumped Flycatcher Ficedula zanthopygia)to select a nest site for the second breeding attempt.Our results showed that the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt tended to be surrounded by more breeding conspecific nests,successful first nests of conspecifics,and fewer failed first nests of conspecifics than the nest boxes that remained unoccupied(the control group).However,the numbers of breeding heterospecific nests,successful heterospecific nests,and failed heterospecific nests did not differ between the nest boxes occupied by tits on their second breeding attempt and the unoccupied nest boxes.Furthermore,the tits with local successful breeding experience tended to choose areas with more successful first nests of conspecifics than those without successful breeding experience.Thus,we suggest that conspecifics'but not heterospecifics'social information within the same breeding season is the major factor influencing the nest site selection of Japanese Tits during second breeding attempts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770419 and 31971402 to H.W.,31772453 and 31970427 to W.L.,and 32001094 to J.Y.)Science and Technology Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20190281KJ).
文摘Acoustic signals play an important role in animal communication systems,and these signals can transfer diverse and meaningful information from a signaler to a receiver(e.g.,Yu et al.2019).Animal signals tend to be honest;however,deception can occur when it is beneficial for receivers to send dishonest signals,such as by mimicking alarm calls to steal food from other individuals(Flower et al.2014).In birds,vocal mimicry is a widespread phenomenon that has 2 major functional explanation categories:intraspecific and interspecific communications(Dalziell et al.2015).Vocal mimicry in intraspecific communication mainly involves sexual selection and social affiliation(Dalziell et al.2015).In interspecific communication,studies on vocal mimicry are mostly related to predator–prey interactions(Dalziell et al.2015).Mimics could mimic calls of predators to scare off other predators or competitors.For example,some species of hole-nesting birds produce a snakelike hissing call to drive nest predators away(e.g.,Dutour et al.2020).Receiver should be particularly sensitive to the deceptive vocals of mimics if failing to respond to an actual model sound is costly.Therefore,the mimics could derive an advantage from mimicking the calls of predators of the receivers.A recent experimental study suggested that the bubbling calls of female common cuckoo Cuculus canorus mimic those of Eurasian sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus,and they primarily serve to distract regular hosts after laying eggs(York and Davies 2017).However,Xia et al.(2019)found that female cuckoo calls have other functions,including attracting mates and repelling rivals.
