Excessive osteoclastogenesis-mediated osteoporosis has been recognized as a global health concern.Candidate compounds derived from medicinal plants or functional foods are promising to treat osteoporosis due to their ...Excessive osteoclastogenesis-mediated osteoporosis has been recognized as a global health concern.Candidate compounds derived from medicinal plants or functional foods are promising to treat osteoporosis due to their high safety and efficiency.(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)is the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea.It can inhibit osteoclastogenesis in vitro by blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor(NF)-κB(RANK)signaling pathways.This study used the ovariectomized(OVX)mouse model to estimate the therapeutic effect of EGCG on osteoporosis and verified the molecular mechanism in vivo.The results revealed that EGCG significantly inhibited the OVX-induced body weight gain.Moreover,no adverse effects were observed on blood glucose,histomorphological features,weights,as well as indices of liver and kidney in OVX mice.EGCG could significantly ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.This effect was evidenced by the reduced number of osteoclasts and the increased trabecular bone area in the femurs.Moreover,EGCG inhibited the activities of c-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and strengthened bone gla protein(BGP)and procollagen I N-terminal peptide(PINP)activities in OVX mice.Mechanistically,EGCG significantly downregulated the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins,including nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),c-Fos,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,and cathepsin K.In addition,the phosphorylation levels of p65,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),p38,and protein kinase B(AKT)were significantly suppressed in OVX mice.It was found that EGCG could alleviate OVX-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis by blocking the NF-κB,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and AKT signaling pathways.EGCG has the potential to prevent and treat osteoclast-related diseases such as osteoporosis.展开更多
Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoc...Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoclastogenesis and alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice remains unknown.In vitro,AA significantly suppressed the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulating the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes,proteins,and transcriptional regulators,including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,matrix metallopeptidase-9(MMP-9),cathepsin K,nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),and c-Fos.This was achieved by blocking RANKL-RANK interaction and inhibiting RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways,including NF-κB,AKT,and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)in osteoclast precursors.In vivo,AA significantly inhibited the ovariectomized(OVX)-induced body weight gain and blood glucose increase in mice.AA did not adversely affect the histomorphologies,weights,and indices of the kidney and liver in OVX mice.AA effectively ameliorated bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.AA significantly inhibited the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and C-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I).AA significantly inhibited the OVX-induced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins in the femur.In summary,AA alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastrelated diseases such as osteoporosis.展开更多
Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)is a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and considered a promising target for therapeutic drug development.Activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway...Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)is a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and considered a promising target for therapeutic drug development.Activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway upon TNF-αbinding to its receptor is crucial for progression of RA.Stephanine(SA),an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid recently identified in Stephania plants,exhibits anti-inflammatory properties,but its underlying mechanisms of action are unknown at present.In this study,we explored whether SA could ameliorate RA through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in association with TNF-αactivity.Our experiments revealed a binding affinity(K_(D))of SA for TNF-αof 2.934×10^(-6)mol/L.Additionally,SA at a concentration of 10μmol/L effectively hindered the binding of TNF-αto its receptors tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1)and TNFR2.In vitro,SA prevented TNF-α-induced death of L929 cells and blocked NF-κB activation triggered by TNF-αin 293-TNF-αresponsive,as well as human fibroblast-like synoviocytes(HFLS)and human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes(MH7A)cell lines.Furthermore,in a collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mouse model,SA alleviated the symptoms of RA through suppression of NF-κB signaling.Our collective findings support the therapeutic efficacy of SA,a natural compound targeting TNF-α,in the management of RA.展开更多
A submerged cavitation water jet(SCWJ)is an effective method to recycle solid propellant from obsolete solid engines by the breaking method.Solid propellant's breaking modes and mechanical process under SCWJ impac...A submerged cavitation water jet(SCWJ)is an effective method to recycle solid propellant from obsolete solid engines by the breaking method.Solid propellant's breaking modes and mechanical process under SCWJ impact are unclear.This study aims to understand those impact breaking mechanisms.The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)propellant was chosen as the research material,and a self-designed test system was used to conduct impact tests at four different working pressures.The high-speed camera characterized crack propagation,and the DIC method calculated strain change during the impact process.Besides,micro and macro fracture morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)scanning.The results reveal that the compressive strain concentration region locates right below the nozzle,and the shear strain region distributes symmetrically with the jet axis,which increases to 4% at first 16th ms,the compressive strain rises to 2% and 6% in the axial and transverse direction,respectively.The two tensile cracks formed first at the compression strain concentrate region,and there generate many shear cracks around the tensile cracks,and those shear cracks that develop and aggregate cause the cracks to become wider and cut through the tensile cracks,forming the tensile-shear cracks and the impact parts eventually fail.The HTPB propellant forms a breaking hole shaped conical after impact 10 s.The mass loss increases by 17 times at maximum,with the working pressure increasing by three times.Meanwhile,the damage value of the breaking hole remaining on the surface increases by 7.8 times while 2.9 times in the depth of the breaking hole.The breaking efficiency is closely affected by working pressures.The failure modes of HTPB impacted by SCWJ are classified as tensile crack-dominated and tensile-shear crack-dominated damage mechanisms.展开更多
Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries are the next generation energy storage devices due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity.Redox mediators(RMs)are widely used as a homogenous electrocatalyst in non-aque...Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries are the next generation energy storage devices due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity.Redox mediators(RMs)are widely used as a homogenous electrocatalyst in non-aqueous Li-O_(2)batteries to enhance their discharge capacity and reduce charge overpotential.However,the shuttle effect of RMs in the electrolyte solution usually leads to corrosion of the Li metal anode and uneven Li deposition on the anode surface,resulting in unwanted consumption of electrocatalysts and deterioration of the cells.It is therefore necessary to take some measures to prevent the shuttle effect of RMs and fully utilize the soluble electrocatalysts.Herein,we summarize the strategies to suppress the RM shuttle effect reported in recent years,including electrolyte additives,protective separators and electrode modification.The mechanisms of these strategies are analyzed and their corresponding requirements are discussed.The electrochemical properties of Li-O_(2)batteries with different strategies are summarized and compared.The challenges and perspectives on preventing the shuttle effect of RMs are described for future study.This review provides guidance for achieving shuttle-free redox mediation and for designing Li-O_(2)cells with a long cycle life,high energy efficiency and highly reversible electrochemical reactions.展开更多
Objective:To explore the main factors of drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery.Methods:From November 2019 to October 2021,103 patients with drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery in ...Objective:To explore the main factors of drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery.Methods:From November 2019 to October 2021,103 patients with drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery in Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital were selected as subjects for this study;the factors of postoperative drainage tube complications were analyzed by retrospective analysis.Results:The complications of drainage tubes include cavity organ damage,sliding of drainage tube into the abdominal cavity,broken drainage tube,blocked drainage tube,bleeding in drainage tube,bleeding from the mouth of drainage tube,abdominal cavity infection caused by drainage tube,and intestinal obstruction caused by drainage tube compression;the number of cases were 9,8,12,21,18,17,8,and 10,accounting for 8.74%,7.77%,11.65%,20.39%,17.48%,16.50%,7.77%,and 9.70%,respectively;the causes of these complications include early and late removal of drainage tube,improper positioning,color of drainage fluid,drainage tube falling out or self-removal,and so on.Conclusion:After hepatobiliary surgery,although the complications caused by drainage tubes have certain relationship with the indwelling time and surgery,the most critical is related to postoperative nursing care;therefore,it is necessary to observe the condition of the drainage tube and draining fluid after surgery,including the color of the fluid,its flow rate,and whether the drainage tube leaks or falls out;after surgery,patients should be encouraged to cooperate with the medical staffs,and family members should be reminded to pay attention to the observation of patients and informed about matters needing attention,so as to reduce the incidence of drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery.展开更多
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese orchid herb that has both ornamental value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here, we report the first de novo assembled 1.35 Gb genome se- quences...Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese orchid herb that has both ornamental value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here, we report the first de novo assembled 1.35 Gb genome se- quences for D. officinale by combining the second-generation Illumina Hiseq 2000 and third-generation PacBio sequencing technologies. We found that orchids have a complete inflorescence gene set and have some specific inflorescence genes. We observed gene expansion in gene families related to fungus symbiosis and drought resistance. We analyzed biosynthesis pathways of medicinal components of D. officinale and found extensive duplication of SPS and SuSy genes, which are related to polysaccharide generation, and that the pathway of D. officinale alkaloid synthesis could be extended to generate 16- epivellosimine. The D. officinale genome assembly demonstrates a new approach to deciphering large complex genomes and, as an important orchid species and a traditional Chinese medicine, the D. officinale genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of orchid plants, as well as the study of medicinal components and potential genetic breeding of the dendrobe.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have a great potential in energy storage and conversion due to their ultra-high theoretical specific energy,but their applications are hindered by sluggish redox reaction kinetics in ...Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have a great potential in energy storage and conversion due to their ultra-high theoretical specific energy,but their applications are hindered by sluggish redox reaction kinetics in the charge/discharge processes.Redox mediators(RMs),as soluble catalysts,are widely used to facilitate the electrochemical processes in the Li-O_(2)batteries.A drawback of RMs is the shuttle effect due to their solubility and mobility,which leads to the corrosion of a Li metal anode and the degradation of the electrochemical performance of the batteries.Herein,we synthesize a polymer-based composite protective separator containing molecular sieves.The nanopores with a diameter of 4Åin the zeolite powder(4A zeolite)are able to physically block the migration of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy(TEMPO)molecules with a larger size;therefore,the shuttle effect of TEMPO is restrained.With the assistance of the zeolite molecular sieves,the cycle life of the Li-O_(2)batteries is significantly extended from~20 to 170 cycles at a current density of 250 mA·g^(-1)and a limited capacity of 500 mAh·g^(-1).Our work provides a highly effective approach to suppress the shuttle effects of RMs and boost the electrochemical performance of Li-O_(2)batteries.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404638)the Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0427,XDYC-YLXZ 2022-0025)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-034,202101BD070001-049,202201AT070267,202201AU070183).
文摘Excessive osteoclastogenesis-mediated osteoporosis has been recognized as a global health concern.Candidate compounds derived from medicinal plants or functional foods are promising to treat osteoporosis due to their high safety and efficiency.(−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)is the most abundant and biologically active polyphenol in green tea.It can inhibit osteoclastogenesis in vitro by blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor(NF)-κB(RANK)signaling pathways.This study used the ovariectomized(OVX)mouse model to estimate the therapeutic effect of EGCG on osteoporosis and verified the molecular mechanism in vivo.The results revealed that EGCG significantly inhibited the OVX-induced body weight gain.Moreover,no adverse effects were observed on blood glucose,histomorphological features,weights,as well as indices of liver and kidney in OVX mice.EGCG could significantly ameliorate bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.This effect was evidenced by the reduced number of osteoclasts and the increased trabecular bone area in the femurs.Moreover,EGCG inhibited the activities of c-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I)and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and strengthened bone gla protein(BGP)and procollagen I N-terminal peptide(PINP)activities in OVX mice.Mechanistically,EGCG significantly downregulated the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins,including nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),c-Fos,tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,and cathepsin K.In addition,the phosphorylation levels of p65,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),p38,and protein kinase B(AKT)were significantly suppressed in OVX mice.It was found that EGCG could alleviate OVX-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis by blocking the NF-κB,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK),and AKT signaling pathways.EGCG has the potential to prevent and treat osteoclast-related diseases such as osteoporosis.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404638)the Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0427 and XDYC-YLXZ2022-0025)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-034,202101BD070001-049,202201AT070267,and 202201AU070183)。
文摘Steroidal alkaloids are the main active components in many medicinal plants and exhibit diverse biological activities.Axillaridine A(AA)is a newly discovered steroidal alkaloid.However,whether AA could suppress osteoclastogenesis and alleviate ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice remains unknown.In vitro,AA significantly suppressed the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)ligand(RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation via downregulating the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes,proteins,and transcriptional regulators,including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP),c-Src,matrix metallopeptidase-9(MMP-9),cathepsin K,nuclear factor of activated T cells,cytoplasmic 1(NFATc1),and c-Fos.This was achieved by blocking RANKL-RANK interaction and inhibiting RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways,including NF-κB,AKT,and mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)in osteoclast precursors.In vivo,AA significantly inhibited the ovariectomized(OVX)-induced body weight gain and blood glucose increase in mice.AA did not adversely affect the histomorphologies,weights,and indices of the kidney and liver in OVX mice.AA effectively ameliorated bone loss in OVX mice by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis.AA significantly inhibited the serum levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)and C-telopeptide of type I collagen(CTX-I).AA significantly inhibited the OVX-induced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes and proteins in the femur.In summary,AA alleviates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis via inhibition of RANKL-mediated RANK signaling pathways and could be potentially used for the prevention and treatment of osteoclastrelated diseases such as osteoporosis.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82404638)the Xingdian Talent Plan of Yunnan Province(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0427 and XDYC-YLXZ-2022-0025)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202101BD070001-034,202101BD070001-049,202201AT070267,and 202201AU070183).
文摘Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)is a key player in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and considered a promising target for therapeutic drug development.Activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)pathway upon TNF-αbinding to its receptor is crucial for progression of RA.Stephanine(SA),an isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloid recently identified in Stephania plants,exhibits anti-inflammatory properties,but its underlying mechanisms of action are unknown at present.In this study,we explored whether SA could ameliorate RA through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway in association with TNF-αactivity.Our experiments revealed a binding affinity(K_(D))of SA for TNF-αof 2.934×10^(-6)mol/L.Additionally,SA at a concentration of 10μmol/L effectively hindered the binding of TNF-αto its receptors tumor necrosis factor receptor 1(TNFR1)and TNFR2.In vitro,SA prevented TNF-α-induced death of L929 cells and blocked NF-κB activation triggered by TNF-αin 293-TNF-αresponsive,as well as human fibroblast-like synoviocytes(HFLS)and human RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes(MH7A)cell lines.Furthermore,in a collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mouse model,SA alleviated the symptoms of RA through suppression of NF-κB signaling.Our collective findings support the therapeutic efficacy of SA,a natural compound targeting TNF-α,in the management of RA.
基金supported by the Program for National Defense Science and Technology Foundation Strengtheningthe Youth Foundation of Rocket Force University of Engineering(Grant No.2021QN-B014)。
文摘A submerged cavitation water jet(SCWJ)is an effective method to recycle solid propellant from obsolete solid engines by the breaking method.Solid propellant's breaking modes and mechanical process under SCWJ impact are unclear.This study aims to understand those impact breaking mechanisms.The hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)propellant was chosen as the research material,and a self-designed test system was used to conduct impact tests at four different working pressures.The high-speed camera characterized crack propagation,and the DIC method calculated strain change during the impact process.Besides,micro and macro fracture morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM)and computed tomography(CT)scanning.The results reveal that the compressive strain concentration region locates right below the nozzle,and the shear strain region distributes symmetrically with the jet axis,which increases to 4% at first 16th ms,the compressive strain rises to 2% and 6% in the axial and transverse direction,respectively.The two tensile cracks formed first at the compression strain concentrate region,and there generate many shear cracks around the tensile cracks,and those shear cracks that develop and aggregate cause the cracks to become wider and cut through the tensile cracks,forming the tensile-shear cracks and the impact parts eventually fail.The HTPB propellant forms a breaking hole shaped conical after impact 10 s.The mass loss increases by 17 times at maximum,with the working pressure increasing by three times.Meanwhile,the damage value of the breaking hole remaining on the surface increases by 7.8 times while 2.9 times in the depth of the breaking hole.The breaking efficiency is closely affected by working pressures.The failure modes of HTPB impacted by SCWJ are classified as tensile crack-dominated and tensile-shear crack-dominated damage mechanisms.
基金financially supported by the Tsinghua-Foshan Innovation Special Fund(Grant No.2018THFS0409)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2019M650668)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFA0201003)。
文摘Rechargeable lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries are the next generation energy storage devices due to their ultrahigh theoretical capacity.Redox mediators(RMs)are widely used as a homogenous electrocatalyst in non-aqueous Li-O_(2)batteries to enhance their discharge capacity and reduce charge overpotential.However,the shuttle effect of RMs in the electrolyte solution usually leads to corrosion of the Li metal anode and uneven Li deposition on the anode surface,resulting in unwanted consumption of electrocatalysts and deterioration of the cells.It is therefore necessary to take some measures to prevent the shuttle effect of RMs and fully utilize the soluble electrocatalysts.Herein,we summarize the strategies to suppress the RM shuttle effect reported in recent years,including electrolyte additives,protective separators and electrode modification.The mechanisms of these strategies are analyzed and their corresponding requirements are discussed.The electrochemical properties of Li-O_(2)batteries with different strategies are summarized and compared.The challenges and perspectives on preventing the shuttle effect of RMs are described for future study.This review provides guidance for achieving shuttle-free redox mediation and for designing Li-O_(2)cells with a long cycle life,high energy efficiency and highly reversible electrochemical reactions.
文摘Objective:To explore the main factors of drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery.Methods:From November 2019 to October 2021,103 patients with drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery in Changshu No.2 People’s Hospital were selected as subjects for this study;the factors of postoperative drainage tube complications were analyzed by retrospective analysis.Results:The complications of drainage tubes include cavity organ damage,sliding of drainage tube into the abdominal cavity,broken drainage tube,blocked drainage tube,bleeding in drainage tube,bleeding from the mouth of drainage tube,abdominal cavity infection caused by drainage tube,and intestinal obstruction caused by drainage tube compression;the number of cases were 9,8,12,21,18,17,8,and 10,accounting for 8.74%,7.77%,11.65%,20.39%,17.48%,16.50%,7.77%,and 9.70%,respectively;the causes of these complications include early and late removal of drainage tube,improper positioning,color of drainage fluid,drainage tube falling out or self-removal,and so on.Conclusion:After hepatobiliary surgery,although the complications caused by drainage tubes have certain relationship with the indwelling time and surgery,the most critical is related to postoperative nursing care;therefore,it is necessary to observe the condition of the drainage tube and draining fluid after surgery,including the color of the fluid,its flow rate,and whether the drainage tube leaks or falls out;after surgery,patients should be encouraged to cooperate with the medical staffs,and family members should be reminded to pay attention to the observation of patients and informed about matters needing attention,so as to reduce the incidence of drainage tube complications after hepatobiliary surgery.
文摘Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a traditional Chinese orchid herb that has both ornamental value and a broad range of therapeutic effects. Here, we report the first de novo assembled 1.35 Gb genome se- quences for D. officinale by combining the second-generation Illumina Hiseq 2000 and third-generation PacBio sequencing technologies. We found that orchids have a complete inflorescence gene set and have some specific inflorescence genes. We observed gene expansion in gene families related to fungus symbiosis and drought resistance. We analyzed biosynthesis pathways of medicinal components of D. officinale and found extensive duplication of SPS and SuSy genes, which are related to polysaccharide generation, and that the pathway of D. officinale alkaloid synthesis could be extended to generate 16- epivellosimine. The D. officinale genome assembly demonstrates a new approach to deciphering large complex genomes and, as an important orchid species and a traditional Chinese medicine, the D. officinale genome will facilitate future research on the evolution of orchid plants, as well as the study of medicinal components and potential genetic breeding of the dendrobe.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A2080 and 51788104)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.L223008)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB2404403).
文摘Lithium-oxygen(Li-O_(2))batteries have a great potential in energy storage and conversion due to their ultra-high theoretical specific energy,but their applications are hindered by sluggish redox reaction kinetics in the charge/discharge processes.Redox mediators(RMs),as soluble catalysts,are widely used to facilitate the electrochemical processes in the Li-O_(2)batteries.A drawback of RMs is the shuttle effect due to their solubility and mobility,which leads to the corrosion of a Li metal anode and the degradation of the electrochemical performance of the batteries.Herein,we synthesize a polymer-based composite protective separator containing molecular sieves.The nanopores with a diameter of 4Åin the zeolite powder(4A zeolite)are able to physically block the migration of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy(TEMPO)molecules with a larger size;therefore,the shuttle effect of TEMPO is restrained.With the assistance of the zeolite molecular sieves,the cycle life of the Li-O_(2)batteries is significantly extended from~20 to 170 cycles at a current density of 250 mA·g^(-1)and a limited capacity of 500 mAh·g^(-1).Our work provides a highly effective approach to suppress the shuttle effects of RMs and boost the electrochemical performance of Li-O_(2)batteries.
