Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interact...Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interactions among the constituent nanoparticles,coupled with the limited toughness of traditional CAs,make them susceptible to structural collapse or even catastrophic failure when exposed to complex mechanical external forces.Unlike 0D building units,1D ceramic nanofibers(CNFs)possess a high aspect ratio and exceptional flexibility simultaneously,which are desirable building blocks for elastic CAs.This review presents the recent progress in electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels(ECNFAs)that are constructed using ECNFs as building blocks,focusing on the various preparation methods and corresponding structural characteristics,strategies for optimizing mechanical performance,and a wide range of applications.The methods for preparing ECNFs and ECNFAs with diverse structures were initially explored,followed by the implementation of optimization strategies for enhancing ECNFAs,emphasizing the improvement of reinforcing the ECNFs,establishing the bonding effects between ECNFs,and designing the aggregate structures of the aerogels.Moreover,the applications of ECNFAs across various fields are also discussed.Finally,it highlights the existing challenges and potential opportunities for ECNFAs to achieve superior properties and realize promising prospects.展开更多
P450 enzymes-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation plays an important role in detoxification,biosynthesis,and potential carcinogenic effect of aromatic compounds.Though it has been explored for decades,the actual process o...P450 enzymes-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation plays an important role in detoxification,biosynthesis,and potential carcinogenic effect of aromatic compounds.Though it has been explored for decades,the actual process of aromatic hydroxylation and mechanism of regioselectivity catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases remained ambiguous.Here,we have resolved these issues.With a stable chiral organofluorine probe,and especially with X-ray data of two isolated arene oxides derivatives,we demonstrate that an arene oxide pathway is definitely involved in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation.By the capture,isolation,identification and reactivity exploration of the arene 1,2-oxide and arene 2,3-oxide intermediates,together with advanced QM calculations,the mechanism of how two intermediates go to the same product has been elucidated.In addition to the model substrate,we also confirmed that an arene oxide intermediate is involved in the P450-catalyzed hydroxylation pathway of a natural product derivative methyl cinnamate,which indicates that this intermediate appears to be universal in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation.Our work not only provides the most direct evidence for the arene oxide pathway and new insights into the regioselectivity involved in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation,but also supplies a new synthetic approach to achieve the dearomatization of aromatic compounds.展开更多
It is well known that [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">61</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">-butyric ac...It is well known that [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">61</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a common n-type passivation material in PSCs, usually used as an interface modification layer. However, PCBM is extremely expensive and is not suitable for future industrialization. Herein, the various concentrations of PCBM as an additive are adopted for PSCs. It not only avoids the routine process of spin coating the multi-layer films, but also reduces the PCBM material and cost. Meanwhile, PCBM can passivate the grain surface and modulate morphology of perovskite films. Furthermore, the most important optical parameters of solar cells, the current density (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">J</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">sc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) were improved. Especially, when the PCBM doping ratio in CH</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">NH</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">PbI</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> (MAPbI</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) precursor solution was 1</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">wt%, the device obtained the smallest </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> decay (less than 1%) in the p-i-n type PSCs with poly</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layer (HTL) and fullerene (C</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">60</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) as electron transport layer (ETL). The PSCs </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> stability improvement is attri</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">buted to enhanced crystallinity of photoactive layer and decreased non-radiative </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">recombination by PCBM doping in the perovskites.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorpor...As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of foam macrophages(FMs) on the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and identify the molecular mechanisms influencing MTB survival.Methods An...Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of foam macrophages(FMs) on the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and identify the molecular mechanisms influencing MTB survival.Methods An in vitro FM model was established using oleic acid induction. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify the key molecular pathways involved in FM-mediated MTB survival.Results Induced FMs effectively restricted MTB survival. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed distinct changes in gene and metabolite expression in FMs during MTB infection compared with normal macrophages. Integrated analyses identified significant alterations in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) signaling pathway, indicating that its activation contributes to the FM-mediated restriction of MTB survival.Conclusions FMs inhibit MTB survival. The cAMP signaling pathway is a key contributor. These findings enhance the understanding of the role of FMs in tuberculosis progression, suggest potential targets for host-directed therapies, and offer new directions for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.展开更多
To improve design accuracy and reliability of structures,this study solves the uncertain natural frequencies with consideration for geometric nonlinearity and structural uncertainty.Frequencies of the laminated plate ...To improve design accuracy and reliability of structures,this study solves the uncertain natural frequencies with consideration for geometric nonlinearity and structural uncertainty.Frequencies of the laminated plate with all four edges clamped(CCCC)are derived based on Navier's method and Galerkin's method.The novelty of the current work is that the number of unknowns in the displacement field model of a CCCC plate with free midsurface(CCCC-2 plate)is only three compared with four or five in cases of other exposed methods.The present analytical method is proved to be accurate and reliable by comparing linear natural frequencies and nonlinear natural frequencies with other models available in the open literature.Furthermore,a novel method for analyzing effects of mean values and tolerance zones of uncertain structural parameters on random frequencies is proposed based on a self-developed Multiscale Feature Extraction and Fusion Network(MFEFN)system.Compared with a direct Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS),the MFEFNbased procedure significantly reduces the calculation burden with a guarantee of accuracy.Our research provides a method to calculate nonlinear natural frequencies under two boundary conditions and presentes a surrogate model to predict frequencies for accuracy analysis and optimization design.展开更多
The accurate state of health(SOH)estimation of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for efficient,healthy,and safe operation of battery systems.Extracting meaningful aging information from highly stochastic and noisy data...The accurate state of health(SOH)estimation of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for efficient,healthy,and safe operation of battery systems.Extracting meaningful aging information from highly stochastic and noisy data segments while designing SOH estimation algorithms that efficiently handle the large-scale computational demands of cloud-based battery management systems presents a substantial challenge.In this work,we propose a quantum convolutional neural network(QCNN)model designed for accurate,robust,and generalizable SOH estimation with minimal data and parameter requirements and is compatible with quantum computing cloud platforms in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum.First,we utilize data from 4 datasets comprising 272 cells,covering 5 chemical compositions,4 rated parameters,and 73operating conditions.We design 5 voltage windows as small as 0.3 V for each cell from incremental capacity peaks for stochastic SOH estimation scenarios generation.We extract 3 effective health indicators(HIs)sequences and develop an automated feature fusion method using quantum rotation gate encoding,achieving an R2of 96%.Subsequently,we design a QCNN whose convolutional layer,constructed with variational quantum circuits,comprises merely 39 parameters.Additionally,we explore the impact of training set size,using strategies,and battery materials on the model’s accuracy.Finally,the QCNN with quantum convolutional layers reduces root mean squared error by 28% and achieves an R^(2)exceeding 96% compared to other three commonly used algorithms.This work demonstrates the effectiveness of quantum encoding for automated feature fusion of HIs extracted from limited discharge data.It highlights the potential of QCNN in improving the accuracy,robustness,and generalization of SOH estimation while dealing with stochastic and noisy data with few parameters and simple structure.It also suggests a new paradigm for leveraging quantum computational power in SOH estimation.展开更多
Size-fractionated particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM>_(2.5))was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa,Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020.Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(4-to 6-ring PAHs)were determine...Size-fractionated particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM>_(2.5))was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa,Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020.Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(4-to 6-ring PAHs)were determined in fine and coarse particles.The gas/particle partitioning coefficients(K_(p))of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related studies.Gaseous PAHs were estimated by K_(p) and the concentrations of PM and particulate PAHs.The concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5,320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m^(3) in the PM>_(2.5),PM_(2.5) and gas phases,respectively.Significant seasonal trends in PAHs were observed(particle phase:lowest in summer,gas phase:lowest in spring,particle and gas phase:lowest in spring).Compared to 2019,the total PAH concentrations(in particles)decreased in 2020,especially in spring and summer,which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 outbreak.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[a]pyrene(BaP_(eq))was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency,indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH levels.It is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaP_(eq) and ILCR(over 50%),which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health protection.This low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this ...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this approach from the perspective of gut microbiota.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind(patients and assessors),placebo-controlled trial will enroll 80 patients with PSD,and include a 1-week run-in period,a 4-week treatment phase,and a 12-week follow-up.Eligible participants will randomly be assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupoint application or placebo(non-acupoint)groups.Treatments will be administered thrice weekly for 4 weeks.The primary outcome is change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)score.Secondary outcomes include the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36),Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living,Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale(SASS),and gut microbiota profiling.All outcomes will be assessed at baseline(prior to treatment),during treatment(weeks 2 and 4),and during follow-up(weeks 8,12,and 16).The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)will be used for evaluation throughout the 4-week treatment phase.Discussion:The results of this study will provide important evidence supporting a novel treatment strategy for PSD that targets gastrointestinal regulation,potentially informing future clinical practice.展开更多
Aiming at the challenge of complex load balancing coordination for a three-phase four-leg(3P4L)based multi-ended low voltage flexible DC distribution system(M-LVDC)considering unbalanced power compensation,this paper ...Aiming at the challenge of complex load balancing coordination for a three-phase four-leg(3P4L)based multi-ended low voltage flexible DC distribution system(M-LVDC)considering unbalanced power compensation,this paper proposes a phase-split power decoupling unbalanced compensation strategy based load balancing strategy for 3P4L based M-LVDC.Firstly,the topology and operation principle of the 3P4L-based M-LVDC system is introduced,and quasi-proportional resonant(QPR)based phase-split power current control for the 3P4L converter is proposed.Secondly,a load-balancing control strategy considering unbalanced compensation for 3P4L-based MLVDC is presented,in which the control diagrams for each 3P4L-based converter are detailed.The core idea of the proposed strategy is to comprehensively consider the imbalance compensation and load rate balancing between the two areas to calculate the split-phase power and current reference values of each 3P4L converter and achieve the static error-free tracking of the reference values through the QPR current inner-loop control.These reference values are then tracked with zero steady-state error using QPR current inner-loop control.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through a 3P4L M-LVDC case study conducted on the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Theresults indicate that the proposed method not only can reduce the three-phase imbalance degrees from>20% to<0.5%,but also achieve excellent balanced load rates,with the load-rate difference smaller than 1.5%.展开更多
The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has increased over the past decade,with more than half occurring in intensive care units (ICUs).^([1])ICU cardiac arrest (ICU-CA)presents unique challenges,with worse...The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has increased over the past decade,with more than half occurring in intensive care units (ICUs).^([1])ICU cardiac arrest (ICU-CA)presents unique challenges,with worse outcomes than those in monitored wards,highlighting the need for early detection and intervention.^([2])Up to 80%of patients exhibit signs of deterioration hours before IHCA.^([3])Although early warning scores based on vital signs are useful,their eff ectiveness in ICUs is limited due to abnormal physiological parameters.^([4])Laboratory markers,such as sodium,potassium,and lactate,are predictive of poor outcomes,^([5])but static measurements may not capture the patient’s trajectory.Trends in laboratory indicators,such as variability and extremes,may offer better predictive value.^([6])This study aimed to evaluate ICU-CA predictive factors,with a focus on vital signs and trends of laboratory indicators.展开更多
With the advancement of technology and the continuous innovation of applications, low-latency applications such as drones, online games and virtual reality are gradually becoming popular demands in modern society. How...With the advancement of technology and the continuous innovation of applications, low-latency applications such as drones, online games and virtual reality are gradually becoming popular demands in modern society. However, these applications pose a great challenge to the traditional centralized mobile cloud computing paradigm, and it is obvious that the traditional cloud computing model is already struggling to meet such demands. To address the shortcomings of cloud computing, mobile edge computing has emerged. Mobile edge computing provides users with computing and storage resources by offloading computing tasks to servers at the edge of the network. However, most existing work only considers single-objective performance optimization in terms of latency or energy consumption, but not balanced optimization in terms of latency and energy consumption. To reduce task latency and device energy consumption, the problem of joint optimization of computation offloading and resource allocation in multi-cell, multi-user, multi-server MEC environments is investigated. In this paper, a dynamic computation offloading algorithm based on Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) is proposed to obtain the optimal policy. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the delay by 5 ms compared to PPO, 1.5 ms compared to DDPG and 10.7 ms compared to DQN, and reduces the energy consumption by 300 compared to PPO, 760 compared to DDPG and 380 compared to DQN. This fully proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper has excellent performance.展开更多
AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients wer...AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels.PAHs are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or ...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels.PAHs are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air masses.PAHs carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient air.More importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to humans.Thus, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly size-dependent.This review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient particles.It was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are bound.In ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight increasing.The relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of PAHs.Overall, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:A murine model of PBC was developed by injection of polyino...AIM:To investigate whether transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:A murine model of PBC was developed by injection of polyinosinic polycytidylic acids(polyⅠ:C)in C57BL/6 mice,and the liver expressions of TGFβ1,TGF-βreceptorⅠ(TβRⅠ),TGF-βreceptorⅡ(TβRⅡ),p-Smad2/3,monoclonalα-smooth muscle actin antibody(α-SMA)andα1(Ⅰ)collagen in the mouse model and control mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry,immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Lymphocyte subsets in liver were analyzed using flow cytometry.RESULTS:The mouse model had several key phenotypic features of human PBC,including elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase,antimitochondrial antibodies,portal bile ducts inflammation,and progressive collagen deposition.Compared with control mice,protein and mRNA levels of TGFβ1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2/3,α-SMA andα1(Ⅰ)collagen in liver(1.7±0.4 vs 8.9±1.8,0.8±0.2 vs 5.1±1.5,0.6±0.01 vs5.1±0.1,0.6±0.3 vs 2.0±0.3,0.9±0.4 vs 3.4±0.6,0.8±0.4 vs 1.7±0.3,1.1±1.2 vs 11.8±0.6,P<0.05),and the total number and percentage of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+and CD8+lymphocytes(0.01±0.001vs 0.004±0.00,0.12±0.04 vs 0.52±0.23,P<0.01)were higher in the mouse model.CONCLUSION:TGFβ1 might play a dual role in the development of PBC:it suppresses inflammatory response but operates to enhance fibrogenesis.The aberrant activity of TGF-β1 signaling contributes to the development of PBC.展开更多
Adamantiades-Behcet's disease (ABD) is a chronic,relapsing,systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin,and m...Adamantiades-Behcet's disease (ABD) is a chronic,relapsing,systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin,and most frequently affects young adults between the second and fourth decades of life.ABD-complicated gastroenteropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality,with abdominal pain as the most common symptom.The ileocecal region is affected predominantly,with ulcerations that may lead to penetration and/or perforation,whereas other parts of the gastrointestinal system including the esophagus and stomach can also be affected.Endoscopy is useful to locate the site and extent of the lesions,and tissue biopsy is often warranted to examine the histopathology that is often suggestive of underlying vasculitis of small veins/venules or,alternatively in some cases,nonspecific inflammation.Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography scan.Treatment is largely empirical since well-controlled studies are difficult to conduct due to the heterogeneity of the disease,and the unpredictable course with exacerbation and remission.Corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive drugs,such as cyclophosphamide,azathioprine,sulfasalazine,tumor necrosis factor α antagonist or thalidomide should be applied before surgery,except in emergency.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92371110 and 52373281)Weiqiao Science Foundation(H2872302 and H2872303)the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty.
文摘Ceramic aerogels(CAs)have emerged as a significant research frontier across various applications due to their lightweight,high porosity,and easily tunable structural characteristics.However,the intrinsic weak interactions among the constituent nanoparticles,coupled with the limited toughness of traditional CAs,make them susceptible to structural collapse or even catastrophic failure when exposed to complex mechanical external forces.Unlike 0D building units,1D ceramic nanofibers(CNFs)possess a high aspect ratio and exceptional flexibility simultaneously,which are desirable building blocks for elastic CAs.This review presents the recent progress in electrospun ceramic nanofibrous aerogels(ECNFAs)that are constructed using ECNFs as building blocks,focusing on the various preparation methods and corresponding structural characteristics,strategies for optimizing mechanical performance,and a wide range of applications.The methods for preparing ECNFs and ECNFAs with diverse structures were initially explored,followed by the implementation of optimization strategies for enhancing ECNFAs,emphasizing the improvement of reinforcing the ECNFs,establishing the bonding effects between ECNFs,and designing the aggregate structures of the aerogels.Moreover,the applications of ECNFAs across various fields are also discussed.Finally,it highlights the existing challenges and potential opportunities for ECNFAs to achieve superior properties and realize promising prospects.
文摘P450 enzymes-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation plays an important role in detoxification,biosynthesis,and potential carcinogenic effect of aromatic compounds.Though it has been explored for decades,the actual process of aromatic hydroxylation and mechanism of regioselectivity catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases remained ambiguous.Here,we have resolved these issues.With a stable chiral organofluorine probe,and especially with X-ray data of two isolated arene oxides derivatives,we demonstrate that an arene oxide pathway is definitely involved in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation.By the capture,isolation,identification and reactivity exploration of the arene 1,2-oxide and arene 2,3-oxide intermediates,together with advanced QM calculations,the mechanism of how two intermediates go to the same product has been elucidated.In addition to the model substrate,we also confirmed that an arene oxide intermediate is involved in the P450-catalyzed hydroxylation pathway of a natural product derivative methyl cinnamate,which indicates that this intermediate appears to be universal in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation.Our work not only provides the most direct evidence for the arene oxide pathway and new insights into the regioselectivity involved in P450-catalyzed aromatic hydroxylation,but also supplies a new synthetic approach to achieve the dearomatization of aromatic compounds.
文摘It is well known that [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">61</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is a common n-type passivation material in PSCs, usually used as an interface modification layer. However, PCBM is extremely expensive and is not suitable for future industrialization. Herein, the various concentrations of PCBM as an additive are adopted for PSCs. It not only avoids the routine process of spin coating the multi-layer films, but also reduces the PCBM material and cost. Meanwhile, PCBM can passivate the grain surface and modulate morphology of perovskite films. Furthermore, the most important optical parameters of solar cells, the current density (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">J</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">sc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (</span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) and power conversion efficiencies (PCE) were improved. Especially, when the PCBM doping ratio in CH</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">NH</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">PbI</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> (MAPbI</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">3</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) precursor solution was 1</span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">wt%, the device obtained the smallest </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> decay (less than 1%) in the p-i-n type PSCs with poly</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as hole transport layer (HTL) and fullerene (C</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">60</span></sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">) as electron transport layer (ETL). The PSCs </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">V</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">oc</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> stability improvement is attri</span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">buted to enhanced crystallinity of photoactive layer and decreased non-radiative </span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">recombination by PCBM doping in the perovskites.</span></span></span></span>
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202235)。
文摘As a natural oil-soluble emulsifier to replace Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate(PGPR),lecithin's application in double emulsions(DEs)remains constrained due to low encapsulation efficiency and stability,while incorporating Pickering particles within the inner aqueous phase(W_(1))has emerged as an effective approach to enhance DEs stability.However,the interfacial interactions between Pickering particles in W_(1) and lecithin in oil phase and their effects on the physical,delivery and digestion properties of DEs remain to be explored.In this study,a natural Pickering DEs encapsulating blueberry anthocyanins(ANCs)was developed using lecithin and gliadinbased particles,with gliadin colloid particles(GCPs)introduced into W_(1).The effects of GCP concentration in W_(1) on emulsion droplet size,microstructure,W_(1)/O interfacial rheology,in vitro digestion,and ANCs delivery performance were systematically investigated.Results showed that GCPs in W_(1) accelerated the decreasing of W_(1)/O interfacial tension,indicating that,beyond competitive adsorption,combination between the two might also occur at the interface,which could accelerate the interfacial adsorption of lecithin.GCPs significantly improved the strength of the W_(1)/O interface,thus improving ANCs encapsulation efficiency from 49.66%to 70.60%.Moreover,the droplet size of DEs decreased from 38.94μm to 24.09μm as GCPs concentration increased,indicating that some GCPs might transfer to the outer aqueous phase through phase exchange,acting as hydrophilic emulsifiers.GCPs in W_(1) can modulate ANCs in vitro release,enhancing ANCs'bioaccessibility(31.10%)and antioxidant capacity.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (grant number: 7232060)National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant number: 2023YFC2307301)Top Level Public Health Technical Personnel Training Plan (grant number: LJRC-03-09)。
文摘Objectives This study aimed to investigate the impact of foam macrophages(FMs) on the intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and identify the molecular mechanisms influencing MTB survival.Methods An in vitro FM model was established using oleic acid induction. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify the key molecular pathways involved in FM-mediated MTB survival.Results Induced FMs effectively restricted MTB survival. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling revealed distinct changes in gene and metabolite expression in FMs during MTB infection compared with normal macrophages. Integrated analyses identified significant alterations in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) signaling pathway, indicating that its activation contributes to the FM-mediated restriction of MTB survival.Conclusions FMs inhibit MTB survival. The cAMP signaling pathway is a key contributor. These findings enhance the understanding of the role of FMs in tuberculosis progression, suggest potential targets for host-directed therapies, and offer new directions for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis.
基金the research project funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.OCEP.2024038)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52372351)the State Key Laboratory of Micro-Spacecraft Rapid Design and Intelligent Cluster,China(No.MS02240107)。
文摘To improve design accuracy and reliability of structures,this study solves the uncertain natural frequencies with consideration for geometric nonlinearity and structural uncertainty.Frequencies of the laminated plate with all four edges clamped(CCCC)are derived based on Navier's method and Galerkin's method.The novelty of the current work is that the number of unknowns in the displacement field model of a CCCC plate with free midsurface(CCCC-2 plate)is only three compared with four or five in cases of other exposed methods.The present analytical method is proved to be accurate and reliable by comparing linear natural frequencies and nonlinear natural frequencies with other models available in the open literature.Furthermore,a novel method for analyzing effects of mean values and tolerance zones of uncertain structural parameters on random frequencies is proposed based on a self-developed Multiscale Feature Extraction and Fusion Network(MFEFN)system.Compared with a direct Monte Carlo Simulation(MCS),the MFEFNbased procedure significantly reduces the calculation burden with a guarantee of accuracy.Our research provides a method to calculate nonlinear natural frequencies under two boundary conditions and presentes a surrogate model to predict frequencies for accuracy analysis and optimization design.
基金funded by the Research on SOC/SOH Joint Estimation Technology of Electric Vehicle Battery System State Based on Online Parameter Identification Project(2019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51877120)。
文摘The accurate state of health(SOH)estimation of lithium-ion batteries is crucial for efficient,healthy,and safe operation of battery systems.Extracting meaningful aging information from highly stochastic and noisy data segments while designing SOH estimation algorithms that efficiently handle the large-scale computational demands of cloud-based battery management systems presents a substantial challenge.In this work,we propose a quantum convolutional neural network(QCNN)model designed for accurate,robust,and generalizable SOH estimation with minimal data and parameter requirements and is compatible with quantum computing cloud platforms in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum.First,we utilize data from 4 datasets comprising 272 cells,covering 5 chemical compositions,4 rated parameters,and 73operating conditions.We design 5 voltage windows as small as 0.3 V for each cell from incremental capacity peaks for stochastic SOH estimation scenarios generation.We extract 3 effective health indicators(HIs)sequences and develop an automated feature fusion method using quantum rotation gate encoding,achieving an R2of 96%.Subsequently,we design a QCNN whose convolutional layer,constructed with variational quantum circuits,comprises merely 39 parameters.Additionally,we explore the impact of training set size,using strategies,and battery materials on the model’s accuracy.Finally,the QCNN with quantum convolutional layers reduces root mean squared error by 28% and achieves an R^(2)exceeding 96% compared to other three commonly used algorithms.This work demonstrates the effectiveness of quantum encoding for automated feature fusion of HIs extracted from limited discharge data.It highlights the potential of QCNN in improving the accuracy,robustness,and generalization of SOH estimation while dealing with stochastic and noisy data with few parameters and simple structure.It also suggests a new paradigm for leveraging quantum computational power in SOH estimation.
基金supported by the Bilateral Open Partnership Joint Research Projects of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Japan(No.JPJSBP120219914)the CHOZEN Project of Kanazawa University,Japan(2019)the Cooperative Research Programs of Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology,Kanazawa University,Japan(22002,22013,22007)。
文摘Size-fractionated particulate matter(PM_(2.5)and PM>_(2.5))was collected at a traffic site in Kanazawa,Japan in a seasonal sampling work in 2020.Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(4-to 6-ring PAHs)were determined in fine and coarse particles.The gas/particle partitioning coefficients(K_(p))of the PAHs were calculated from the supercooled liquid vapour pressure and octanol-air partitioning coefficient based on the relationships obtained in previous traffic pollution-related studies.Gaseous PAHs were estimated by K_(p) and the concentrations of PM and particulate PAHs.The concentrations of total PAHs were 32.5,320.1 and 5646.2 pg/m^(3) in the PM>_(2.5),PM_(2.5) and gas phases,respectively.Significant seasonal trends in PAHs were observed(particle phase:lowest in summer,gas phase:lowest in spring,particle and gas phase:lowest in spring).Compared to 2019,the total PAH concentrations(in particles)decreased in 2020,especially in spring and summer,which might be due to reduced traffic trips during the COVID-19 outbreak.The incremental lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)calculated from the toxic equivalent concentrations relative to benzo[a]pyrene(BaP_(eq))was lower than the acceptable limit issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency,indicating a low cancer risk in long-term exposure to current PAH levels.It is notable that gaseous PAHs considerably contributed to BaP_(eq) and ILCR(over 50%),which highlighted the significance of gaseous PAH monitoring for public health protection.This low-cost estimation method for gaseous PAHs can be expected to reliably and conveniently obtain PAH concentrations as a surrogate for traditional sampling in the future work.
基金supported by the Chinese Medicine Development Fund,Hong Kong SAR,China(23B2/027A_R1)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81704198).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application for post-stroke depression(PSD)by regulating gastrointestinal function.A secondary objective is to explore the potential mechanism underlying this approach from the perspective of gut microbiota.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind(patients and assessors),placebo-controlled trial will enroll 80 patients with PSD,and include a 1-week run-in period,a 4-week treatment phase,and a 12-week follow-up.Eligible participants will randomly be assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the acupoint application or placebo(non-acupoint)groups.Treatments will be administered thrice weekly for 4 weeks.The primary outcome is change in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAMD)score.Secondary outcomes include the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI),36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36),Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living,Social Adaptation Self-Evaluation Scale(SASS),and gut microbiota profiling.All outcomes will be assessed at baseline(prior to treatment),during treatment(weeks 2 and 4),and during follow-up(weeks 8,12,and 16).The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale(TESS)will be used for evaluation throughout the 4-week treatment phase.Discussion:The results of this study will provide important evidence supporting a novel treatment strategy for PSD that targets gastrointestinal regulation,potentially informing future clinical practice.
基金supported by the key technology project of China Southern Power Grid Corporation(GZKJXM20220041)partly by theNational Key Research and Development Plan(2022YFE0205300).
文摘Aiming at the challenge of complex load balancing coordination for a three-phase four-leg(3P4L)based multi-ended low voltage flexible DC distribution system(M-LVDC)considering unbalanced power compensation,this paper proposes a phase-split power decoupling unbalanced compensation strategy based load balancing strategy for 3P4L based M-LVDC.Firstly,the topology and operation principle of the 3P4L-based M-LVDC system is introduced,and quasi-proportional resonant(QPR)based phase-split power current control for the 3P4L converter is proposed.Secondly,a load-balancing control strategy considering unbalanced compensation for 3P4L-based MLVDC is presented,in which the control diagrams for each 3P4L-based converter are detailed.The core idea of the proposed strategy is to comprehensively consider the imbalance compensation and load rate balancing between the two areas to calculate the split-phase power and current reference values of each 3P4L converter and achieve the static error-free tracking of the reference values through the QPR current inner-loop control.These reference values are then tracked with zero steady-state error using QPR current inner-loop control.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified through a 3P4L M-LVDC case study conducted on the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Theresults indicate that the proposed method not only can reduce the three-phase imbalance degrees from>20% to<0.5%,but also achieve excellent balanced load rates,with the load-rate difference smaller than 1.5%.
基金supported by grants from the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2021ZLGX02)the National Science Foundation of China (81901934, 82325031)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFC1512700, 2020YFC1512705, 2020YFC1512703)the Clinical Research Center of Shandong University (2020SDUCRCC025)。
文摘The incidence of in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) has increased over the past decade,with more than half occurring in intensive care units (ICUs).^([1])ICU cardiac arrest (ICU-CA)presents unique challenges,with worse outcomes than those in monitored wards,highlighting the need for early detection and intervention.^([2])Up to 80%of patients exhibit signs of deterioration hours before IHCA.^([3])Although early warning scores based on vital signs are useful,their eff ectiveness in ICUs is limited due to abnormal physiological parameters.^([4])Laboratory markers,such as sodium,potassium,and lactate,are predictive of poor outcomes,^([5])but static measurements may not capture the patient’s trajectory.Trends in laboratory indicators,such as variability and extremes,may offer better predictive value.^([6])This study aimed to evaluate ICU-CA predictive factors,with a focus on vital signs and trends of laboratory indicators.
文摘With the advancement of technology and the continuous innovation of applications, low-latency applications such as drones, online games and virtual reality are gradually becoming popular demands in modern society. However, these applications pose a great challenge to the traditional centralized mobile cloud computing paradigm, and it is obvious that the traditional cloud computing model is already struggling to meet such demands. To address the shortcomings of cloud computing, mobile edge computing has emerged. Mobile edge computing provides users with computing and storage resources by offloading computing tasks to servers at the edge of the network. However, most existing work only considers single-objective performance optimization in terms of latency or energy consumption, but not balanced optimization in terms of latency and energy consumption. To reduce task latency and device energy consumption, the problem of joint optimization of computation offloading and resource allocation in multi-cell, multi-user, multi-server MEC environments is investigated. In this paper, a dynamic computation offloading algorithm based on Multi-Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) is proposed to obtain the optimal policy. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper reduces the delay by 5 ms compared to PPO, 1.5 ms compared to DDPG and 10.7 ms compared to DQN, and reduces the energy consumption by 300 compared to PPO, 760 compared to DDPG and 380 compared to DQN. This fully proves that the algorithm proposed in this paper has excellent performance.
基金Supported by Grants from the Research Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of Health,No.201202004the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drugs Development",No.2012ZX09303006-002the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China,No.2011AA020111
文摘AIM:To establish the frequency and clinical features of connective tissue diseases(CTDs)in a cohort of Chinese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:Three-hundred and twenty-two Chinese PBC patients were screened for the presence of CTD,and the systemic involvement was assessed.The differences in clinical features and laboratory findings between PBC patients with and without CTD were documented.The diversity of incidence of CTDs in PBC of different countries and areas was discussed.For the comparison of normally distributed data,Student’s t test was used,while non-parametric test(Wilcoxon test)for the non-normally distributed data and 2×2χ2or Fisher’s exact tests for the ratio.RESULTS:One-hundred and fifty(46.6%)PBC patients had one or more CTDs.The most common CTD was Sj gren’s syndrome(SS,121 cases,36.2%).There were nine cases of systemic sclerosis(SSc,2.8%),12of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE,3.7%),nine of rheumatoid arthritis(RA,2.8%),and 10 of polymyositis(PM,3.1%)in this cohort.Compared to patients with PBC only,the PBC+SS patients were more likely to have fever and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),higher serum immunoglobulin G(IgG)levels and more frequent rheumatoid factor(RF)and interstitial lung disease(ILD)incidences;PBC+SSc patients had higher frequency of ILD;PBC+SLE patients had lower white blood cell(WBC)count,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count,γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and immunoglobulin M levels,but higher frequency of renal involvement;PBC+RA patients had lower Hb,higher serum IgG,alkaline phosphatase,faster ESR and a higher ratio of RF positivity;PBC+PM patients had higher WBC count and a tendency towards myocardial involvement.CONCLUSION:Besides the common liver manifestation of PBC,systemic involvement and overlaps with other CTDs are not infrequent in Chinese patients.When overlapping with other CTDs,PBC patients manifested some special clinical and laboratory features which may have effect on the prognosis.
基金supported in part by a Grant in Aid for Scientific Research (Nos.17K08388 and 17H06283) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technologythe cooperative research program of Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University (Nos.16007, 17002 and 17037).
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and they mostly stem from the imperfect combustion of fossil fuels and biofuels.PAHs are inherently associated with homogenous fine particles or distributed to different-sized particles during the aging of air masses.PAHs carried by fine particles undergo a long-range transport to remote areas while those adsorbed on coarse particles have a shorter lifetime in ambient air.More importantly, PAHs with higher molecular weights tend to be bound with finer particles and can deeply enter the lungs, posing severe health risks to humans.Thus, the environmental fate and health effects of particulate PAHs are strongly size-dependent.This review summarizes the size distributions of particulate PAHs freshly emitted from combustion sources as well as the distribution patterns of PAHs in ambient particles.It was found that PAHs from stationary sources are primarily bound to fine particles, which are slightly larger than particles to which PAHs from mobile sources are bound.In ambient air, particulate PAHs are distributed in larger size modes than those in the combustion fume, and the particle size decreases with PAH molecular weight increasing.The relevant mechanisms and influencing factors of particle size distribution changes are illustrated in this article, which are essentially attributed to combustion and ambient temperature as well as the physical and chemical properties of PAHs.Overall, the study on the particle size distribution of PAHs will contribute for a full understanding of the origin, atmospheric behaviors and health effects of particulate PAHs.
基金Supported by Grants from National Key Technology R and D Program in the 11thFive year Plan of ChinaNo.2008BAI59B03+2 种基金grants from Emphasis Item Clinical SpecialityMinistry of Health of The People’s Republic of China2005
文摘AIM:To investigate whether transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC).METHODS:A murine model of PBC was developed by injection of polyinosinic polycytidylic acids(polyⅠ:C)in C57BL/6 mice,and the liver expressions of TGFβ1,TGF-βreceptorⅠ(TβRⅠ),TGF-βreceptorⅡ(TβRⅡ),p-Smad2/3,monoclonalα-smooth muscle actin antibody(α-SMA)andα1(Ⅰ)collagen in the mouse model and control mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry,immunoblotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Lymphocyte subsets in liver were analyzed using flow cytometry.RESULTS:The mouse model had several key phenotypic features of human PBC,including elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase,antimitochondrial antibodies,portal bile ducts inflammation,and progressive collagen deposition.Compared with control mice,protein and mRNA levels of TGFβ1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2/3,α-SMA andα1(Ⅰ)collagen in liver(1.7±0.4 vs 8.9±1.8,0.8±0.2 vs 5.1±1.5,0.6±0.01 vs5.1±0.1,0.6±0.3 vs 2.0±0.3,0.9±0.4 vs 3.4±0.6,0.8±0.4 vs 1.7±0.3,1.1±1.2 vs 11.8±0.6,P<0.05),and the total number and percentage of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+and CD8+lymphocytes(0.01±0.001vs 0.004±0.00,0.12±0.04 vs 0.52±0.23,P<0.01)were higher in the mouse model.CONCLUSION:TGFβ1 might play a dual role in the development of PBC:it suppresses inflammatory response but operates to enhance fibrogenesis.The aberrant activity of TGF-β1 signaling contributes to the development of PBC.
文摘Adamantiades-Behcet's disease (ABD) is a chronic,relapsing,systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology.It is more prevalent in populations along the ancient Silk Road from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean Basin,and most frequently affects young adults between the second and fourth decades of life.ABD-complicated gastroenteropathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality,with abdominal pain as the most common symptom.The ileocecal region is affected predominantly,with ulcerations that may lead to penetration and/or perforation,whereas other parts of the gastrointestinal system including the esophagus and stomach can also be affected.Endoscopy is useful to locate the site and extent of the lesions,and tissue biopsy is often warranted to examine the histopathology that is often suggestive of underlying vasculitis of small veins/venules or,alternatively in some cases,nonspecific inflammation.Bowel wall thickening is the most common finding on computed tomography scan.Treatment is largely empirical since well-controlled studies are difficult to conduct due to the heterogeneity of the disease,and the unpredictable course with exacerbation and remission.Corticosteroids with or without other immunosuppressive drugs,such as cyclophosphamide,azathioprine,sulfasalazine,tumor necrosis factor α antagonist or thalidomide should be applied before surgery,except in emergency.
