To explore the composite process of B-CuO and B-Bi_(2)O_(3) two-component laminated sticks,obtain the corresponding sticks with good printing effect,and explore the energy release behavior.In this study,boron,copper o...To explore the composite process of B-CuO and B-Bi_(2)O_(3) two-component laminated sticks,obtain the corresponding sticks with good printing effect,and explore the energy release behavior.In this study,boron,copper oxide,and bismuth trioxide powders were dispersed in the dispersed phase (DMF) using F_(2602) as a binder,and the construction of two-component B-CuO,B-Bi_(2)O_(3),three-component microcomposite,and three-component macro-composite sticks were realized with the help of double nozzle direct ink writing (DIW) technique respectively.The resulting sticks were ignited by a nichrome wire energized with a direct current,and a high-speed camera system was used to record the combustion behavior of the sticks,mark the flame position,and calculate the rate of ignition.The results showed that the B-CuO stick burning rate (42.11 mm·s^(-1)) was much higher than that of B-Bi_(2)O_(3)(17.84 mm·s^(-1)).The formulation with the highest CuO content (ω_(CuO)=58.7%) in the microscale composite of the sticks also had the fastest burning rate of 60.59 mm·s^(-1),as the CuO content decreased (ω_(CuO)=43.5%,29.3%),its burning rate decreased to 34.78 mm·s^(-1),37.97 mm·s^(-1).The stick with the highest copper oxide content(ω_(CuO)=60%) also possessed the highest burning rate (48.84 mm·s^(-1)) in the macro-composite sticks,and the burning rates of the macro-composite sticks with component spacing of 0.1 mm,0.2 mm,and 0.5 mm were 43.34 mm·s^(-1),48.84 mm·s^(-1),and 40.76 mm·s^(-1).展开更多
16 bis-trifluoromethylated tpfc (5,10,15-tris(pentafluoro)corrole) phosphorus difluoride complexes were calculated;they were geometrically optimized and theoretically analyzed to help more completely understand the ef...16 bis-trifluoromethylated tpfc (5,10,15-tris(pentafluoro)corrole) phosphorus difluoride complexes were calculated;they were geometrically optimized and theoretically analyzed to help more completely understand the effect of multi-CF_(3) substitution in porphyrinoids. Six such compounds were experimentally prepared via two different reaction pathways: (i) treating the non-substituted (tpfc)PF_(2) and the mono-CF_(3)-substituted 1b, respectively, with FSO_(2)CF_(2)CO_(2)Me and CuI yielded the previously reported compounds 1a–1d and the new bis-CF_(3) substituted complexes 2b–2e;and (ii) photoinduced generation of another bis-CF_(3) substituted species afforded 2f by using 1b as the starting material and dMeSCF_(3) as the CF_(3) source. The latter experimental pathway is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of photocatalytic trifluoromethylation in porphyrin chemistry. Structural assignments of these newly prepared compounds were successfully achieved by the elaborate combination of experiments and calculations, which allowed compounds 2b–2f to be tentatively assigned as the Bis-2,3;Bis-2,17;Bis-3,13;Bis-7,12;and Bis-3,8 CF_(3)-substituted corroles. Interestingly, the assignments were further supported by comparing experimental Rf values with calculated dipole moments of each isomer. Experimental UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, as well as cyclic voltammetry data obtained for 2a–2f allowed us to uncover clear differences of photophysical and electrochemical redox properties that were correlated with data from TDDFT energy level analyses.展开更多
Inhibitory immune receptors set thresholds for immune cell activation,and their deficiency predisposes a person to autoimmune responses.However,the agonists of inhibitory immune receptors remain largely unknown,repres...Inhibitory immune receptors set thresholds for immune cell activation,and their deficiency predisposes a person to autoimmune responses.However,the agonists of inhibitory immune receptors remain largely unknown,representing untapped sources of treatments for autoimmune diseases.Here,we show that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing 1(VSTM1)is an inhibitory receptor and that its binding by the competent ligand soluble galectin-1(Gal1)is essential for maintaining neutrophil viability mediated by downregulated reactive oxygen species production.However,in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),circulating Gal1 is oxidized and cannot be recognized by VSTM1,leading to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and reduced neutrophil viability.Dysregulated neutrophil function or death contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of SLE by providing danger molecules and autoantigens that drive the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes.Interestingly,serum levels of glutathione,an antioxidant able to convert oxidized Gal1 to its reduced form,were negatively correlated with SLE disease activity.Taken together,our findings reveal failed inhibitory Gal1/VSTM1 pathway activation in patients with SLE and provide important insights for the development of effective targeted therapies.展开更多
Time delay and coupling strength are important factors that affect the synchronization of neural networks.In this study,a modular neural network containing subnetworks of different scales was constructed using the Hod...Time delay and coupling strength are important factors that affect the synchronization of neural networks.In this study,a modular neural network containing subnetworks of different scales was constructed using the Hodgkin–Huxley(HH)neural model;i.e.,a small-scale random network was unidirectionally connected to a large-scale small-world network through chemical synapses.Time delays were found to induce multiple synchronization transitions in the network.An increase in coupling strength also promoted synchronization of the network when the time delay was an integer multiple of the firing period of a single neuron.Considering that time delays at different locations in a modular network may have different effects,we explored the influence of time delays within each subnetwork and between two subnetworks on the synchronization of modular networks.We found that when the subnetworks were well synchronized internally,an increase in the time delay within both subnetworks induced multiple synchronization transitions of their own.In addition,the synchronization state of the small-scale network affected the synchronization of the large-scale network.It was surprising to find that an increase in the time delay between the two subnetworks caused the synchronization factor of the modular network to vary periodically,but it had essentially no effect on the synchronization within the receiving subnetwork.By analyzing the phase difference between the two subnetworks,we found that the mechanism of the periodic variation of the synchronization factor of the modular network was the periodic variation of the phase difference.Finally,the generality of the results was demonstrated by investigating modular networks at different scales.展开更多
An umpolung addition of dicyanobenzene toα,β-unsaturated alkenes has been developed using an elec-troreductive strategy.This electrochemical protocol is well compatible with a broad range of convention-ally challeng...An umpolung addition of dicyanobenzene toα,β-unsaturated alkenes has been developed using an elec-troreductive strategy.This electrochemical protocol is well compatible with a broad range of convention-ally challenging substrates,includingα,β-unsaturated esters,nitriles and trisubstituted enones.Moreover,good to excellent regioselectivities are observed in the reaction of cinnamates with dicyanobenzene.Synthetic utility of this electrochemical approach is further demonstrated by direct late-stage functionali-zation of(S)-verbenone and 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate.展开更多
基金supported by the Graduate Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.2022Y650)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22275170)。
文摘To explore the composite process of B-CuO and B-Bi_(2)O_(3) two-component laminated sticks,obtain the corresponding sticks with good printing effect,and explore the energy release behavior.In this study,boron,copper oxide,and bismuth trioxide powders were dispersed in the dispersed phase (DMF) using F_(2602) as a binder,and the construction of two-component B-CuO,B-Bi_(2)O_(3),three-component microcomposite,and three-component macro-composite sticks were realized with the help of double nozzle direct ink writing (DIW) technique respectively.The resulting sticks were ignited by a nichrome wire energized with a direct current,and a high-speed camera system was used to record the combustion behavior of the sticks,mark the flame position,and calculate the rate of ignition.The results showed that the B-CuO stick burning rate (42.11 mm·s^(-1)) was much higher than that of B-Bi_(2)O_(3)(17.84 mm·s^(-1)).The formulation with the highest CuO content (ω_(CuO)=58.7%) in the microscale composite of the sticks also had the fastest burning rate of 60.59 mm·s^(-1),as the CuO content decreased (ω_(CuO)=43.5%,29.3%),its burning rate decreased to 34.78 mm·s^(-1),37.97 mm·s^(-1).The stick with the highest copper oxide content(ω_(CuO)=60%) also possessed the highest burning rate (48.84 mm·s^(-1)) in the macro-composite sticks,and the burning rates of the macro-composite sticks with component spacing of 0.1 mm,0.2 mm,and 0.5 mm were 43.34 mm·s^(-1),48.84 mm·s^(-1),and 40.76 mm·s^(-1).
基金support of this research by a grant from the Israel Science Foundation.Z.U.acknowledges the Priority Research Centers Program enabled through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(2020R1A6A1A03041954)funding and resources to help the continued operation of the Molecular Logic Gate Laboratory.D.G.C.acknowledges financial support from the Korean National Research Foundation(2021R1F1A1046576)+1 种基金the International Joint Usage Project with ICR,Kyoto University(2019-115 and 2020-124).D.G.C.acknowledges the KAIX program(KAIST)the recently opened KC 30 project,and Professors Hee-Seung Lee and Young-Min Rhee(Dept.of Chem.,KAIST)for recent financial assistance during the fiscal years of 2020 and 2021.
文摘16 bis-trifluoromethylated tpfc (5,10,15-tris(pentafluoro)corrole) phosphorus difluoride complexes were calculated;they were geometrically optimized and theoretically analyzed to help more completely understand the effect of multi-CF_(3) substitution in porphyrinoids. Six such compounds were experimentally prepared via two different reaction pathways: (i) treating the non-substituted (tpfc)PF_(2) and the mono-CF_(3)-substituted 1b, respectively, with FSO_(2)CF_(2)CO_(2)Me and CuI yielded the previously reported compounds 1a–1d and the new bis-CF_(3) substituted complexes 2b–2e;and (ii) photoinduced generation of another bis-CF_(3) substituted species afforded 2f by using 1b as the starting material and dMeSCF_(3) as the CF_(3) source. The latter experimental pathway is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of photocatalytic trifluoromethylation in porphyrin chemistry. Structural assignments of these newly prepared compounds were successfully achieved by the elaborate combination of experiments and calculations, which allowed compounds 2b–2f to be tentatively assigned as the Bis-2,3;Bis-2,17;Bis-3,13;Bis-7,12;and Bis-3,8 CF_(3)-substituted corroles. Interestingly, the assignments were further supported by comparing experimental Rf values with calculated dipole moments of each isomer. Experimental UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, as well as cyclic voltammetry data obtained for 2a–2f allowed us to uncover clear differences of photophysical and electrochemical redox properties that were correlated with data from TDDFT energy level analyses.
基金The authors are grateful to all of the patients who participated in the study.We thank Prof Dalong Ma Lab and Prof Wenling Han Lab at Peking University Health Science Center for providing plasmids and helpful discussions.We also thank the Center for Biomarker Discovery and Validation,National Infrastructures for Translational Medicine(PUMCH),Institute of Clinical Medicine,Peking Union Medical College Hospital for instrument support and assistance.This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81788101,82171799,82100942,82171726,82171798,82230060,32141004)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC3602000)+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-017,2022-I2M-JB-003,2021-I2M-1-047,2021-I2M-1-040,2021-I2M-1-016,and 2021-I2M-1-026)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2-4019)National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2022-116,BJ-2023-084).
文摘Inhibitory immune receptors set thresholds for immune cell activation,and their deficiency predisposes a person to autoimmune responses.However,the agonists of inhibitory immune receptors remain largely unknown,representing untapped sources of treatments for autoimmune diseases.Here,we show that V-set and transmembrane domain-containing 1(VSTM1)is an inhibitory receptor and that its binding by the competent ligand soluble galectin-1(Gal1)is essential for maintaining neutrophil viability mediated by downregulated reactive oxygen species production.However,in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),circulating Gal1 is oxidized and cannot be recognized by VSTM1,leading to increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and reduced neutrophil viability.Dysregulated neutrophil function or death contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of SLE by providing danger molecules and autoantigens that drive the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of autoreactive lymphocytes.Interestingly,serum levels of glutathione,an antioxidant able to convert oxidized Gal1 to its reduced form,were negatively correlated with SLE disease activity.Taken together,our findings reveal failed inhibitory Gal1/VSTM1 pathway activation in patients with SLE and provide important insights for the development of effective targeted therapies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12175080)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.CCNU22JC009)。
文摘Time delay and coupling strength are important factors that affect the synchronization of neural networks.In this study,a modular neural network containing subnetworks of different scales was constructed using the Hodgkin–Huxley(HH)neural model;i.e.,a small-scale random network was unidirectionally connected to a large-scale small-world network through chemical synapses.Time delays were found to induce multiple synchronization transitions in the network.An increase in coupling strength also promoted synchronization of the network when the time delay was an integer multiple of the firing period of a single neuron.Considering that time delays at different locations in a modular network may have different effects,we explored the influence of time delays within each subnetwork and between two subnetworks on the synchronization of modular networks.We found that when the subnetworks were well synchronized internally,an increase in the time delay within both subnetworks induced multiple synchronization transitions of their own.In addition,the synchronization state of the small-scale network affected the synchronization of the large-scale network.It was surprising to find that an increase in the time delay between the two subnetworks caused the synchronization factor of the modular network to vary periodically,but it had essentially no effect on the synchronization within the receiving subnetwork.By analyzing the phase difference between the two subnetworks,we found that the mechanism of the periodic variation of the synchronization factor of the modular network was the periodic variation of the phase difference.Finally,the generality of the results was demonstrated by investigating modular networks at different scales.
基金We are grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21702113 and 92061110)Anhui University(S020318006/069 and S020118002/113)for their financial support.
文摘An umpolung addition of dicyanobenzene toα,β-unsaturated alkenes has been developed using an elec-troreductive strategy.This electrochemical protocol is well compatible with a broad range of convention-ally challenging substrates,includingα,β-unsaturated esters,nitriles and trisubstituted enones.Moreover,good to excellent regioselectivities are observed in the reaction of cinnamates with dicyanobenzene.Synthetic utility of this electrochemical approach is further demonstrated by direct late-stage functionali-zation of(S)-verbenone and 16-dehydropregnenolone acetate.
