The electrochemical reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)−)to ammonia(NH_(3))(NO3RR)represents an environmentally sustainable strategy for NH_(3)production while concurrently addressing water pollution challenges.Nevertheless,t...The electrochemical reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)−)to ammonia(NH_(3))(NO3RR)represents an environmentally sustainable strategy for NH_(3)production while concurrently addressing water pollution challenges.Nevertheless,the intrinsic complexity of this multi-step reaction severely constrains both the selectivity and efficiency of NO3RR.Copper-based electrocatalysts have been extensively investigated for NO_(3)RR but often suffer from nitrite(NO_(2)^(−))accumulation,which stems from insufficient NO_(3)^(−)adsorption strength.This limitation often leads to rapid catalyst deactivation,hindered hydrogenation pathways,and reduced overall efficiency.Herein,we report a one-step green chemical reduction method to synthesize PtCuSnCo quarternary alloy nanoparticles with homogeneously distributed elements.Under practical NO3−concentrations,the optimized catalyst exhibited an impressive Faradaic efficiency approaching 100%and an outstanding selectivity of 95.6±2.9%.Mechanistic insights uncovered that SnCo sites robustly facilitated NO_(3)^(−)adsorption,complemented by the proficiency of PtCu sites in NO3−reduction.The synergistic spatial neighborhood effect between SnCo and PtCu sites efficiently stabilizes NO_(3)^(−)deoxygenation and suppresses NO_(2)^(−)accumulation.This tandem architecture achieves a finely tuned balance between adsorption strength and deoxygenation kinetics,enabling highly selective and efficient NO3RR.Our findings emphasize the indispensable role of engineered multi-metallic catalysts in overcoming persistent challenges of NO3RR,paving the way for advanced NH3 synthesis and environmental remediation.展开更多
Compared with traditional nickel-titanium alloy patent foramen ovale occluders,which are widely used in clinical practice,biodegradable patent foramen ovale occluders have obvious differences in material characteristi...Compared with traditional nickel-titanium alloy patent foramen ovale occluders,which are widely used in clinical practice,biodegradable patent foramen ovale occluders have obvious differences in material characteristics,interventional operation mode and postoperative management strategy.This article gives expert consensus on the selection of clinical indications and standardized operating procedures,so as to standardize the clinical application of biodegradable patent foramen ovale occluders.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the dynamic expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the formation of gastric tumors induced by drinking water con...AIM: To investigate the dynamic expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the formation of gastric tumors induced by drinking water containing N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Wistar rats. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (60 in each group): Control group and Model group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into three groups (20 in each group): C/M15, C/M25 and C/M40 (15, 25 and 40 represent the number of feeding weeks from termination). Rats in the control group received normal drinking water and rats in the model group received drinking water containing 100 μg/mL MNNG. Stomach tissues were collected at the end of the 15<sup>th</sup>, 25<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> week, respectively, for microscopic measurement using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF in different pathological types of gastric tissue, including normal, inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and gastric stromal tumor, was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the corelation between p-STAT3 and VEGF was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (2.5 ± 1.0, 2.75 ± 0.36, 6.2 ± 0.45, 5.67 ± 0.55 vs 0.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.026, 0.035, 0.001, 0.002, respectively); the expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in samples with gastritis or atrophy (6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.5 ± 1.0, P = 0.006; 6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.005, respectively); however, the expression of p-STAT3 in gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); (2) the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor was significantly increased in the model group compared with normal gastric mucosa; and the expression of VEGF in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in tissue with inflammation and atrophy (10.8 ± 1.96 vs 7.62 ± 0.25, P = 0.029; 10.8 ± 1.96 vs 6.26 ± 0.76, P = 0.033, respectively); similarly, the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); and (3) the expression of VEGF was positively correlated with p-STAT3. CONCLUSION: p-STAT3 plays an important role in gastric cancer formation by regulating the expression of VEGF to promote the progression of gastric tumor from gastritis.展开更多
Because of their large volume variation and inferior electrical conductivity,Mn_(3)O_(4)-based oxide anode materials have short cyclic lives and poor rate capability,which obstructs their development.In this study,we ...Because of their large volume variation and inferior electrical conductivity,Mn_(3)O_(4)-based oxide anode materials have short cyclic lives and poor rate capability,which obstructs their development.In this study,we successfully prepared a Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite using a smart and facile synthetic method.The Mn_(3)O_(4)nanopolyhedra are grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon,which evidently mitigates the volume change in the charging and discharging processes but also improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics.More importantly,the Mn-O-C bond in the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite benefits electrochemical reversibility.These features of the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon(NHC)composite are responsible for its superior electrochemical performance.When used for Li-ion batteries,the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 598 mAh·g^(−1)after 350 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Even at 2 A·g^(−1),the Mn_(3)O_(4)/NHC anode still delivers a high capacity of 472 mAh·g^(−1).This work provides a new prospect for synthesizing and developing manganese-based oxide materials for energy storage.展开更多
Chronic occlusion of large intracranial arteries is the main cause of ischemic stroke in China.Patients with symptomatic intracranial artery occlusion and hemodynamic impairment are at high risk of recurrent stroke.Ch...Chronic occlusion of large intracranial arteries is the main cause of ischemic stroke in China.Patients with symptomatic intracranial artery occlusion and hemodynamic impairment are at high risk of recurrent stroke.Chronic occlusion of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery is a common type of intracranial artery occlusion.Medical management is regarded as the standard treatment for this disease.With the development of endovascular treatment,some patients with chronic cerebral artery occlusion have achieved satisfactory results with endovascular therapy.We reported a patient with symptomatic chronic occlusion of the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery.Simple balloon angioplasty was performed,and the occluded ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery was successfully recanalized without perioperative complications.At 4 months followup,the internal carotid artery remained patent and perfusion of the right cerebral hemisphere improved dramatically.In addition,we briefly reviewed the relevant literature.展开更多
Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic...Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.展开更多
The interaction between Amyloid β(Aβ) peptide and acetylcholine receptor is the key for our understanding of how Aβ fragments block the ion channels within the synapses and thus induce Alzheimer’s disease.Here,mol...The interaction between Amyloid β(Aβ) peptide and acetylcholine receptor is the key for our understanding of how Aβ fragments block the ion channels within the synapses and thus induce Alzheimer’s disease.Here,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were performed for the structural dynamics of the docking complex consisting of Aβ and α7-n ACh R(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor),and the inter-molecular interactions between ligand and receptor were revealed.The results show that Aβ_(25-35) is bound toα7-n ACh R through hydrogen bonds and complementary shape,and the Aβ_(25-35) fragments would easily assemble in the ion channel of α7-n ACh R,then block the ion transfer process and induce neuronal apoptosis.The simulated amide-I band of Aβ_(25-35) in the complex is located at 1650.5 cm^(-1),indicating the backbone of Aβ_(25-35) tends to present random coil conformation,which is consistent with the result obtained from cluster analysis.Currently existing drugs were used as templates for virtual screening,eight new drugs were designed and semi-flexible docking was performed for their performance.The results show that,the interactions between new drugs and α7-n ACh R are strong enough to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ_(25-35) fragments in the ion channel,and also be of great potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys...Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys will permanently exist in the body,resulting in thrombosis,valve damage,hemolysis,arrhythmia,or other complications.The biodegradable PFO occluder developed by Shanghai Mallow Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd.,China can be fully absorbed and degrade into nontoxic ingredients,reducing postoperative complications.Objectives:To study the safety and efficacy of biodegradable PFO occluders in treating PFO.Methods:This single-center clinical trial collected 30 patients treated with a biodegradable PFO occluder.The follow-up period lasted 12 months to analyze the echocardiographic characteristics and headache relief through HIT-6 scores.Results:The immediate success rate was 100%,with no intraoperative severe occlusion-related complications.The contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)at 12 months showed that all patients’right-to-left shunts(RLS)were grade I or 0 with no serious postoperative complications,indicating the overall success rate was 100%.The biodegradable PFO occluder mostly degraded six months after the occlusion.Conclusion:PFO closure with a Mallow biodegradable occluder is safe and effective and has no severe complications.展开更多
A pneumatic reversible plough is developed, which complements to the tractor of 25.7-36.8 kW.The plough adopts the cylinder as reversing mechanism between the right and left plough bodies, and the cylinder can substit...A pneumatic reversible plough is developed, which complements to the tractor of 25.7-36.8 kW.The plough adopts the cylinder as reversing mechanism between the right and left plough bodies, and the cylinder can substitute the mechanical reversing mechanism. The pneumatic turnover allows the plough to be operated easily and turned over flexibly. Field experiment results show that indicators of plough performance meet the requirements of the relevant national standards.展开更多
Nickel(Ni)is a promising catalyst for electrochemical urea oxidation reactions.However,its strong chemisorption of CO_(2) and the tendency for uncontrollable structural reconstruction during catalysis have limited the...Nickel(Ni)is a promising catalyst for electrochemical urea oxidation reactions.However,its strong chemisorption of CO_(2) and the tendency for uncontrollable structural reconstruction during catalysis have limited the exploration of Ni-based catalysts in electrocatalytic urea synthesis.Herein,we propose a comodification strategy for Ni-mSiO_(x) using polydopamine(PDA)and polyethyleneimine(PEI)to enable efficient electrocatalytic co-reduction of nitrate and CO_(2) for urea synthesis.The incorporation of stable Ni-O-Si active sites effectively balanced competing reaction pathways,while dual polymer modification optimized the surface electronic structure,promoted the formation of pyrrolic/pyridinic nitrogen species(ProN/PN,86.7%),and accelerated C-N coupling kinetics.The resulting PDA/PEI-Ni-mSiO_(x) catalyst achieved a urea production rate of 2513μg·h^(−1) ·mg_(cay)^(−1) ,a Faradaic efficiency of 28.6%,and a urea selectivity of 54.2%.Notably,the catalyst retained over 90%of its activity after 39 h of continuous operation,with no observable structural degradation following repeated cycling.This work presents a robust strategy for the rational design of high-performance,durable Ni-based catalysts for urea electrosynthesis and provides mechanistic insights into the structure-activity relationships at polymer-metal oxide interfaces.展开更多
The overall energy efficiency(EE)is critical for commercializing promising electrochemical technologies,such as the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Despite the rapid development of advanced catalysts and r...The overall energy efficiency(EE)is critical for commercializing promising electrochemical technologies,such as the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Despite the rapid development of advanced catalysts and reactors for CO_(2)RR,its commercial potential is still hindered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which causes high cell voltages and low EEs.Herein,we developed a NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)catalyst on the surface of nickel foam(NF)via an electrochemical surface reconstruction strategy.We observed that the oxidation of glycerol(GLY)to formate(FA)is more thermodynamically favorable than the OER on the developed NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)/NF catalysts.The Ni^(2+)/Ni^(3+)redox couples within the NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)heterojunction enhance the charge transfer kinetics between the active sites and adsorbed reaction intermediates,facilitating the highly selective and active generation of FA from GLY oxidation reaction(GOR),with a remarkable Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 94%achieved at 100 mA·cm^(−2).Comprehensive mechanistic studies identified that the reaction pathway towards FA generation starts from glyceraldehyde intermediates,and glycolate was considered as the key species.Moreover,benefiting from the efficient conversion of CO_(2)to FA on bismuth nanosheets,the GOR//CO_(2)RR paired electrolysis system realizes a remarkable overall FE of ca.190%for FA co-production at 160 mA·cm^(−2)(cathodic FE:91.25%and anodic FE:98.70%).This proceeds at a cell voltage of ca.2.32 V,which is ca.0.85 V lower than that of OER-assisted CO_(2)RR system at the same current density.This work provides new insights for co-upgrading CO_(2)and biomass to value-added chemicals.展开更多
Urea,a critical nitrogen-based feedstock predominantly employed in fertilizer production,can be synthesized via electrocatalytic C-N coupling,which provides an efficient route for efficient nitrogen and carbon fixatio...Urea,a critical nitrogen-based feedstock predominantly employed in fertilizer production,can be synthesized via electrocatalytic C-N coupling,which provides an efficient route for efficient nitrogen and carbon fixation under mild conditions.Nonetheless,electrocatalytic urea synthesis is hindered by intricate intermediate pathways and competing side reactions,leading to low urea selectivity and yield.Therefore,improving the efficiency of electrocatalytic urea synthesis requires efficient catalysts.This review presents an overview of urea detection methodologies,elucidates the C-N coupling mechanisms,and explores catalyst design strategies.Accurate detection of urea detection is particularly vital in low-yield systems;thus,we analyze the advantages and limitations of several detection techniques.Additionally,we investigate the fundamental reaction mechanisms that allow reduction of CO_(2)and various nitrogen species to be reduced simultaneously.A detailed examination of catalyst design strategies aimed at improving electrocatalytic urea production,including heterostructure,atomically dispersed structures,and vacancy engineering,is provided.Finally,we address the emerging challenges that must be tackled as the technology progresses.展开更多
Background： Serum soluble ST2 （sST2） levels are elevated early after acute myocardial infarction and are related to adverse left ventricular （LV） remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes in ST-segment elevation myo...Background： Serum soluble ST2 （sST2） levels are elevated early after acute myocardial infarction and are related to adverse left ventricular （LV） remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. Beta-blockers （BB） have been shown to improve LV remodeling and survival. However, the relationship between sST2, final therapeutic BB dose, and cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients remains unknown. Methods： A total of 186 STEMI patients were enrolled at the Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital between January 2015 and June 2015. All patients received standard treatment and were followed up for 1 year. Serum sST2 was measured at baseline. Patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline sST2 values （high 〉56 ng/ml vs. low ≤56 ng/ml） and final therapeutic BB dose （high ≥47.5 mg/d vs. low 〈47.5 mg/d）. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine whether sST2 and BB were independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in STEMI. Results： Baseline sST2 levels were positively correlated with heart rate （r = 0.327, P = 0.002）, Killip class （r = 0.408, P = 0.000）, lg N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide （r = 0.467, P = 0.000）, lg troponin I （r = 0.331, P = 0.000）, and lg C-reactive protein （r = 0.307, P = 0.000） and negatively correlated to systolic blood pressure （r = ？0.243, P = 0.009） and LV ejection fraction （r = ？0.402, P = 0.000）. Patients with higher baseline sST2 concentrations who were not titrated to high-dose BB therapy （P 〈 0.0001） had worse outcomes. Baseline high sST2 （hazard ratio [HR]： 2.653; 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.201–8.929; P = 0.041） and final low BB dosage （HR： 1.904; 95% CI, 1.084–3.053; P = 0.035） were independent predictors of cardiovascular events in STEMI. Conclusions： High baseline sST2 levels and final low BB dosage predicted cardiovascular events in STEMI. Hence, sST2 may be a useful biomarker in cardiac pathophysiology.展开更多
文摘The electrochemical reduction of nitrate(NO_(3)−)to ammonia(NH_(3))(NO3RR)represents an environmentally sustainable strategy for NH_(3)production while concurrently addressing water pollution challenges.Nevertheless,the intrinsic complexity of this multi-step reaction severely constrains both the selectivity and efficiency of NO3RR.Copper-based electrocatalysts have been extensively investigated for NO_(3)RR but often suffer from nitrite(NO_(2)^(−))accumulation,which stems from insufficient NO_(3)^(−)adsorption strength.This limitation often leads to rapid catalyst deactivation,hindered hydrogenation pathways,and reduced overall efficiency.Herein,we report a one-step green chemical reduction method to synthesize PtCuSnCo quarternary alloy nanoparticles with homogeneously distributed elements.Under practical NO3−concentrations,the optimized catalyst exhibited an impressive Faradaic efficiency approaching 100%and an outstanding selectivity of 95.6±2.9%.Mechanistic insights uncovered that SnCo sites robustly facilitated NO_(3)^(−)adsorption,complemented by the proficiency of PtCu sites in NO3−reduction.The synergistic spatial neighborhood effect between SnCo and PtCu sites efficiently stabilizes NO_(3)^(−)deoxygenation and suppresses NO_(2)^(−)accumulation.This tandem architecture achieves a finely tuned balance between adsorption strength and deoxygenation kinetics,enabling highly selective and efficient NO3RR.Our findings emphasize the indispensable role of engineered multi-metallic catalysts in overcoming persistent challenges of NO3RR,paving the way for advanced NH3 synthesis and environmental remediation.
基金Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fuwai Hospital High Level Hospital clinical research fund(2022-GSPGG-18).
文摘Compared with traditional nickel-titanium alloy patent foramen ovale occluders,which are widely used in clinical practice,biodegradable patent foramen ovale occluders have obvious differences in material characteristics,interventional operation mode and postoperative management strategy.This article gives expert consensus on the selection of clinical indications and standardized operating procedures,so as to standardize the clinical application of biodegradable patent foramen ovale occluders.
文摘AIM: To investigate the dynamic expression of p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the formation of gastric tumors induced by drinking water containing N-methyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Wistar rats. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (60 in each group): Control group and Model group. The rats in each group were then randomly divided into three groups (20 in each group): C/M15, C/M25 and C/M40 (15, 25 and 40 represent the number of feeding weeks from termination). Rats in the control group received normal drinking water and rats in the model group received drinking water containing 100 μg/mL MNNG. Stomach tissues were collected at the end of the 15<sup>th</sup>, 25<sup>th</sup> and 40<sup>th</sup> week, respectively, for microscopic measurement using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of p-STAT3 and VEGF in different pathological types of gastric tissue, including normal, inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and gastric stromal tumor, was observed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, and the corelation between p-STAT3 and VEGF was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) The expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor were significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (2.5 ± 1.0, 2.75 ± 0.36, 6.2 ± 0.45, 5.67 ± 0.55 vs 0.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.026, 0.035, 0.001, 0.002, respectively); the expression of p-STAT3 in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in samples with gastritis or atrophy (6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.5 ± 1.0, P = 0.006; 6.2 ± 0.45 vs 2.75 ± 0.36, P = 0.005, respectively); however, the expression of p-STAT3 in gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); (2) the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis, atrophy, dysplasia and gastric stromal tumor was significantly increased in the model group compared with normal gastric mucosa; and the expression of VEGF in tissue with dysplasia was higher than that in tissue with inflammation and atrophy (10.8 ± 1.96 vs 7.62 ± 0.25, P = 0.029; 10.8 ± 1.96 vs 6.26 ± 0.76, P = 0.033, respectively); similarly, the expression of VEGF in tissue with gastritis and atrophy was not significantly different (P > 0.05); and (3) the expression of VEGF was positively correlated with p-STAT3. CONCLUSION: p-STAT3 plays an important role in gastric cancer formation by regulating the expression of VEGF to promote the progression of gastric tumor from gastritis.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.222300420252)Nanyang Normal University(Nos.2020ZX013 and 2020ZX014).
文摘Because of their large volume variation and inferior electrical conductivity,Mn_(3)O_(4)-based oxide anode materials have short cyclic lives and poor rate capability,which obstructs their development.In this study,we successfully prepared a Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite using a smart and facile synthetic method.The Mn_(3)O_(4)nanopolyhedra are grown on N-doped honeycomb carbon,which evidently mitigates the volume change in the charging and discharging processes but also improves the electrochemical reaction kinetics.More importantly,the Mn-O-C bond in the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon composite benefits electrochemical reversibility.These features of the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon(NHC)composite are responsible for its superior electrochemical performance.When used for Li-ion batteries,the Mn_(3)O_(4)/N-doped honeycomb carbon anode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 598 mAh·g^(−1)after 350 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Even at 2 A·g^(−1),the Mn_(3)O_(4)/NHC anode still delivers a high capacity of 472 mAh·g^(−1).This work provides a new prospect for synthesizing and developing manganese-based oxide materials for energy storage.
文摘Chronic occlusion of large intracranial arteries is the main cause of ischemic stroke in China.Patients with symptomatic intracranial artery occlusion and hemodynamic impairment are at high risk of recurrent stroke.Chronic occlusion of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery is a common type of intracranial artery occlusion.Medical management is regarded as the standard treatment for this disease.With the development of endovascular treatment,some patients with chronic cerebral artery occlusion have achieved satisfactory results with endovascular therapy.We reported a patient with symptomatic chronic occlusion of the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery.Simple balloon angioplasty was performed,and the occluded ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery was successfully recanalized without perioperative complications.At 4 months followup,the internal carotid artery remained patent and perfusion of the right cerebral hemisphere improved dramatically.In addition,we briefly reviewed the relevant literature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708327 and 51978404)。
文摘Black carbon(BC)is considered the second largest anthropogenic climate forcer,but the radiative effects of BC are highly correlated with its combustion sources.On-road vehicles are an important source of anthropogenic BC.However,there are major uncertainties in the estimates of the BC emissions from on-road light-duty passenger vehicles(LDPVs),and results obtained with the portable emissions measurement system(PEMS)method are particularly lacking.We developed a PEMS platform and evaluated the on-road BC emissions from ten in-use LDPVs.We demonstrated that the BC emission factors(EFs)of gasoline direction injection(GDI)engine vehicles range from 1.10 to 1.56 mg.km^(-1),which are higher than the EFs of port fuel injection(PFI)engine vehicles(0.10–0.17 mg.km^(-1))by a factor of 11.The BC emissions during the cold-start phase contributed 2%–33%to the total emissions.A strong correlation(R^(2)=0.70)was observed between the relative BC EFs and average vehicle speed,indicating that traffic congestion alleviation could effectively mitigate BC emissions.Moreover,BC and particle number(PN)emissions were linearly correlated(R^(2)=0.90),and compared to PFI engine vehicles,the instantaneous PN-to-BC emission rates of GDI engine vehicles were less sensitive to vehicle specific power-to-velocity(VSPV)increase in all speed ranges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21103021)the New Century Excellent Talent Project in University of Fujian Province,Opening Project of PCOSS,Xiamen University(No.201904)。
文摘The interaction between Amyloid β(Aβ) peptide and acetylcholine receptor is the key for our understanding of how Aβ fragments block the ion channels within the synapses and thus induce Alzheimer’s disease.Here,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were performed for the structural dynamics of the docking complex consisting of Aβ and α7-n ACh R(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor),and the inter-molecular interactions between ligand and receptor were revealed.The results show that Aβ_(25-35) is bound toα7-n ACh R through hydrogen bonds and complementary shape,and the Aβ_(25-35) fragments would easily assemble in the ion channel of α7-n ACh R,then block the ion transfer process and induce neuronal apoptosis.The simulated amide-I band of Aβ_(25-35) in the complex is located at 1650.5 cm^(-1),indicating the backbone of Aβ_(25-35) tends to present random coil conformation,which is consistent with the result obtained from cluster analysis.Currently existing drugs were used as templates for virtual screening,eight new drugs were designed and semi-flexible docking was performed for their performance.The results show that,the interactions between new drugs and α7-n ACh R are strong enough to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ_(25-35) fragments in the ion channel,and also be of great potential in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by the Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality,Grant WX21Z26.
文摘Background:Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale(PFO)has been widely accepted as a highly effective way to treat high-risk PFO-related diseases.However,traditional non-degradable occluders made of metal alloys will permanently exist in the body,resulting in thrombosis,valve damage,hemolysis,arrhythmia,or other complications.The biodegradable PFO occluder developed by Shanghai Mallow Medical Instrument Co.,Ltd.,China can be fully absorbed and degrade into nontoxic ingredients,reducing postoperative complications.Objectives:To study the safety and efficacy of biodegradable PFO occluders in treating PFO.Methods:This single-center clinical trial collected 30 patients treated with a biodegradable PFO occluder.The follow-up period lasted 12 months to analyze the echocardiographic characteristics and headache relief through HIT-6 scores.Results:The immediate success rate was 100%,with no intraoperative severe occlusion-related complications.The contrast transcranial Doppler(cTCD)at 12 months showed that all patients’right-to-left shunts(RLS)were grade I or 0 with no serious postoperative complications,indicating the overall success rate was 100%.The biodegradable PFO occluder mostly degraded six months after the occlusion.Conclusion:PFO closure with a Mallow biodegradable occluder is safe and effective and has no severe complications.
文摘A pneumatic reversible plough is developed, which complements to the tractor of 25.7-36.8 kW.The plough adopts the cylinder as reversing mechanism between the right and left plough bodies, and the cylinder can substitute the mechanical reversing mechanism. The pneumatic turnover allows the plough to be operated easily and turned over flexibly. Field experiment results show that indicators of plough performance meet the requirements of the relevant national standards.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21872034,22021001,and 92472203)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Nos.2025J01363,2024J01807,and 2025J01973)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhangzhou City(No.ZZ2024J16)the Eagle Project of Fujian Province.
文摘Nickel(Ni)is a promising catalyst for electrochemical urea oxidation reactions.However,its strong chemisorption of CO_(2) and the tendency for uncontrollable structural reconstruction during catalysis have limited the exploration of Ni-based catalysts in electrocatalytic urea synthesis.Herein,we propose a comodification strategy for Ni-mSiO_(x) using polydopamine(PDA)and polyethyleneimine(PEI)to enable efficient electrocatalytic co-reduction of nitrate and CO_(2) for urea synthesis.The incorporation of stable Ni-O-Si active sites effectively balanced competing reaction pathways,while dual polymer modification optimized the surface electronic structure,promoted the formation of pyrrolic/pyridinic nitrogen species(ProN/PN,86.7%),and accelerated C-N coupling kinetics.The resulting PDA/PEI-Ni-mSiO_(x) catalyst achieved a urea production rate of 2513μg·h^(−1) ·mg_(cay)^(−1) ,a Faradaic efficiency of 28.6%,and a urea selectivity of 54.2%.Notably,the catalyst retained over 90%of its activity after 39 h of continuous operation,with no observable structural degradation following repeated cycling.This work presents a robust strategy for the rational design of high-performance,durable Ni-based catalysts for urea electrosynthesis and provides mechanistic insights into the structure-activity relationships at polymer-metal oxide interfaces.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22105133,22275205,and 52273269)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province of China(No.2022NSFSC0617)+3 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2023YFH0027)Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects(No.2024ZYD0099)China Scholarship Council,Science and Technology Project of the State Administration for Market Regulation(No.2022MK111)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.1082204112I96).
文摘The overall energy efficiency(EE)is critical for commercializing promising electrochemical technologies,such as the carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).Despite the rapid development of advanced catalysts and reactors for CO_(2)RR,its commercial potential is still hindered by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction(OER),which causes high cell voltages and low EEs.Herein,we developed a NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)catalyst on the surface of nickel foam(NF)via an electrochemical surface reconstruction strategy.We observed that the oxidation of glycerol(GLY)to formate(FA)is more thermodynamically favorable than the OER on the developed NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)/NF catalysts.The Ni^(2+)/Ni^(3+)redox couples within the NiOOH@Ni_(3)S_(2)heterojunction enhance the charge transfer kinetics between the active sites and adsorbed reaction intermediates,facilitating the highly selective and active generation of FA from GLY oxidation reaction(GOR),with a remarkable Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 94%achieved at 100 mA·cm^(−2).Comprehensive mechanistic studies identified that the reaction pathway towards FA generation starts from glyceraldehyde intermediates,and glycolate was considered as the key species.Moreover,benefiting from the efficient conversion of CO_(2)to FA on bismuth nanosheets,the GOR//CO_(2)RR paired electrolysis system realizes a remarkable overall FE of ca.190%for FA co-production at 160 mA·cm^(−2)(cathodic FE:91.25%and anodic FE:98.70%).This proceeds at a cell voltage of ca.2.32 V,which is ca.0.85 V lower than that of OER-assisted CO_(2)RR system at the same current density.This work provides new insights for co-upgrading CO_(2)and biomass to value-added chemicals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52273058 and 52073124)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2022030167)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Urea,a critical nitrogen-based feedstock predominantly employed in fertilizer production,can be synthesized via electrocatalytic C-N coupling,which provides an efficient route for efficient nitrogen and carbon fixation under mild conditions.Nonetheless,electrocatalytic urea synthesis is hindered by intricate intermediate pathways and competing side reactions,leading to low urea selectivity and yield.Therefore,improving the efficiency of electrocatalytic urea synthesis requires efficient catalysts.This review presents an overview of urea detection methodologies,elucidates the C-N coupling mechanisms,and explores catalyst design strategies.Accurate detection of urea detection is particularly vital in low-yield systems;thus,we analyze the advantages and limitations of several detection techniques.Additionally,we investigate the fundamental reaction mechanisms that allow reduction of CO_(2)and various nitrogen species to be reduced simultaneously.A detailed examination of catalyst design strategies aimed at improving electrocatalytic urea production,including heterostructure,atomically dispersed structures,and vacancy engineering,is provided.Finally,we address the emerging challenges that must be tackled as the technology progresses.
文摘Background： Serum soluble ST2 （sST2） levels are elevated early after acute myocardial infarction and are related to adverse left ventricular （LV） remodeling and cardiovascular outcomes in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. Beta-blockers （BB） have been shown to improve LV remodeling and survival. However, the relationship between sST2, final therapeutic BB dose, and cardiovascular outcomes in STEMI patients remains unknown. Methods： A total of 186 STEMI patients were enrolled at the Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital between January 2015 and June 2015. All patients received standard treatment and were followed up for 1 year. Serum sST2 was measured at baseline. Patients were divided into four groups according to their baseline sST2 values （high 〉56 ng/ml vs. low ≤56 ng/ml） and final therapeutic BB dose （high ≥47.5 mg/d vs. low 〈47.5 mg/d）. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine whether sST2 and BB were independent risk factors for cardiovascular events in STEMI. Results： Baseline sST2 levels were positively correlated with heart rate （r = 0.327, P = 0.002）, Killip class （r = 0.408, P = 0.000）, lg N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide （r = 0.467, P = 0.000）, lg troponin I （r = 0.331, P = 0.000）, and lg C-reactive protein （r = 0.307, P = 0.000） and negatively correlated to systolic blood pressure （r = ？0.243, P = 0.009） and LV ejection fraction （r = ？0.402, P = 0.000）. Patients with higher baseline sST2 concentrations who were not titrated to high-dose BB therapy （P 〈 0.0001） had worse outcomes. Baseline high sST2 （hazard ratio [HR]： 2.653; 95% confidence interval [CI]： 1.201–8.929; P = 0.041） and final low BB dosage （HR： 1.904; 95% CI, 1.084–3.053; P = 0.035） were independent predictors of cardiovascular events in STEMI. Conclusions： High baseline sST2 levels and final low BB dosage predicted cardiovascular events in STEMI. Hence, sST2 may be a useful biomarker in cardiac pathophysiology.
