Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are the major components of fungal cell walls and are recognized by plant pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)as pathogen-associated molecular patterns that induce innate...Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are the major components of fungal cell walls and are recognized by plant pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)as pathogen-associated molecular patterns that induce innate immunity.Recognition of chitin oligosaccharide(CTOS)in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and rice(Oryza sativa)requires the membrane-localized lysin-motif(LysM)-domain-containing receptors AtLYK5and OsCEBiP,respectively.However,the mechanism underlying chitosan oligosaccharide(CSOS)-induced plant immunity remains unclear.In this study,we determined that CTOS and CSOS trigger immune responses and boost disease resistance in soybean(Glycine max)through the LysM-domain-containing protein GmNRF5a and its co-receptor GmCERK1.Surprisingly,both GmNFR5a and GmCERK1 bind directly to CTOS and CSOS,with distinct binding sites.The receptor-like kinase GmCAK1 acts downstream of GmCERK1 and is essential for CTOS/CSOSmediated immune activation.Overall,these findings uncovered how soybean plants respond to CSOS and initiate immune signaling,demonstrating that soybean exploits shared immune sectors to transduce immune signals triggered by CTOS/CSOS,paving the way for the development of disease-resistant crops with broad-spectrum resistance.展开更多
Phytophthora pathogens secrete numerous apoplastic effectors to manipulate host immunity.Herein,we identified a polysaccharide lyase 1 protein,PsPL1,which acts as an essential virulence factor of P.sojae infection in ...Phytophthora pathogens secrete numerous apoplastic effectors to manipulate host immunity.Herein,we identified a polysaccharide lyase 1 protein,PsPL1,which acts as an essential virulence factor of P.sojae infection in soybean.However,the overexpression of PsPL1 in P.sojae reduced infection and triggered enhanced immune responses in soybean.PsPL1 exhibited pectin lyase activity and degraded plant pectin to generate pectin oligosaccharides(POSs)with a polymerization degree of 3–14,exhibiting different levels of acetylation and methylation modifications.PsPL1 and the degraded pectin products triggered immune responses in soybean and different Solanaceous plants.The PsPL1-triggered immune responses required RSPL1,a membrane-localized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein,which is essential for Phytophthora resistance.Conversely,the PsPL1-degraded product-triggered immune responses depended on the membrane-localized lysin motif receptor-like kinase CERK1.This study reveals that the pectin lyase exhibits a dual immunogenic role during P.sojae infection,which activates plant resistance through different immune receptors and provides novel insights into the function of pectin lyase in host-pathogen interactions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1001500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32102233 to G.S.,Grant No.31971217 to H.Y.)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024T170421,G.S.)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2023ZB236,G.S.)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20231129,G.S.)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022B0202080004)。
文摘Chitin and its deacetylated derivative chitosan are the major components of fungal cell walls and are recognized by plant pattern-recognition receptors(PRRs)as pathogen-associated molecular patterns that induce innate immunity.Recognition of chitin oligosaccharide(CTOS)in Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)and rice(Oryza sativa)requires the membrane-localized lysin-motif(LysM)-domain-containing receptors AtLYK5and OsCEBiP,respectively.However,the mechanism underlying chitosan oligosaccharide(CSOS)-induced plant immunity remains unclear.In this study,we determined that CTOS and CSOS trigger immune responses and boost disease resistance in soybean(Glycine max)through the LysM-domain-containing protein GmNRF5a and its co-receptor GmCERK1.Surprisingly,both GmNFR5a and GmCERK1 bind directly to CTOS and CSOS,with distinct binding sites.The receptor-like kinase GmCAK1 acts downstream of GmCERK1 and is essential for CTOS/CSOSmediated immune activation.Overall,these findings uncovered how soybean plants respond to CSOS and initiate immune signaling,demonstrating that soybean exploits shared immune sectors to transduce immune signals triggered by CTOS/CSOS,paving the way for the development of disease-resistant crops with broad-spectrum resistance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20210386)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (CGPY2024001)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32102233,32270210,32102172)the Innovation Fund of DICP (DICPI202412)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024T170421)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (2023ZB236)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZC20231129)the Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2022B0202080004)China Agriculture Research System (CARS-004-PS14)。
文摘Phytophthora pathogens secrete numerous apoplastic effectors to manipulate host immunity.Herein,we identified a polysaccharide lyase 1 protein,PsPL1,which acts as an essential virulence factor of P.sojae infection in soybean.However,the overexpression of PsPL1 in P.sojae reduced infection and triggered enhanced immune responses in soybean.PsPL1 exhibited pectin lyase activity and degraded plant pectin to generate pectin oligosaccharides(POSs)with a polymerization degree of 3–14,exhibiting different levels of acetylation and methylation modifications.PsPL1 and the degraded pectin products triggered immune responses in soybean and different Solanaceous plants.The PsPL1-triggered immune responses required RSPL1,a membrane-localized leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein,which is essential for Phytophthora resistance.Conversely,the PsPL1-degraded product-triggered immune responses depended on the membrane-localized lysin motif receptor-like kinase CERK1.This study reveals that the pectin lyase exhibits a dual immunogenic role during P.sojae infection,which activates plant resistance through different immune receptors and provides novel insights into the function of pectin lyase in host-pathogen interactions.
