The increasing radio frequency interference(RFI)is a well-recognized problem in radio astronomy research.Pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are high-priority science targets of the ongoing Commercial Radio Astronomy F...The increasing radio frequency interference(RFI)is a well-recognized problem in radio astronomy research.Pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are high-priority science targets of the ongoing Commercial Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS).To improve the quality of RFI removal in searches of pulsars and FRBs based on CRAFTS multi-beam data,we here propose an intuitive but powerful RFI mitigation pipeline(CCF-ST).The“CCF-ST”is a spatial filter constructed by signal cross-correlation function(CCF)and Sum-Threshold(ST)algorithm.The RFI marking result is saved in a“mask”file,a binary format for RFI masks in PRESTO.Three known pulsars,PSR B0525-21,PSR B0621-04,and PSR J0943+2252 from CRAFTS L-band 19 beams data are used for evaluation of the performance of CCF-ST in comparison with other methods,such as PRESTO’s“rfifind”,ArPLS-ST and ArPLS-SF.The result shows that CCF-ST can reduce effective data loss rate and improves the detected signal-to-noise ratio of the pulsations by~26%and~18%respectively compared with PRESTO’s“rfifind”and ArPLS-ST.The CCF-ST also has the advantage of low computational cost,e.g.,reducing the time consumption by~40%and memory consumption by~90%compared with ArPLS-SF.We expect that the new RFI mitigation and analysis toolkit(CCF-ST)demonstrated in this paper can be applied to CRAFTS and other multi-beam telescope observations to improve the data quality and efficiency of pulsar and FRB searches.展开更多
We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU a...We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.展开更多
We present Arecibo 327 MHz confirmation and follow-up studies of seven new pulsars discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).These pulsars are discovered in a pilot program of the C...We present Arecibo 327 MHz confirmation and follow-up studies of seven new pulsars discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).These pulsars are discovered in a pilot program of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS)with the ultra-widebandwidth commissioning receiver.Five of them are normal pulsars and two are extreme nulling slow pulsars.PSR J2111+2132’s dispersion measure(DM:78.5 pc cm^(-3))is above the upper limits of the two Galactic free electron density models,NE2001 and YMW16,and PSR J2057+2133’s position is out of the Scutum-Crux Arm,making them uniquely useful for improving the Galactic free electron density model in their directions.We present a detailed single pulse analysis for the slow nulling pulsars.We show evidence that PSR J2323+1214’s main pulse component follows a non-Poisson distribution and marginal evidence for a sub-pulse-drift or recurrent period of 32.3±0.4 rotations from PSR J0539+0013.We discuss the implication of our finding to the pulsar radiation mechanism.展开更多
Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 （CRY2） is a blue-light receptor mediating blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic promotion of floral initiation. CRY2 is a constitutive nuclear protein that underg...Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 （CRY2） is a blue-light receptor mediating blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic promotion of floral initiation. CRY2 is a constitutive nuclear protein that undergoes blue-light-dependent phosphorylation, ubiquitination, photobody formation, and degradation in the nucleus, but the relationship between these blue-light-dependent events remains unclear. It has been proposed that CRY2 phosphorylation triggers a conformational change responsible for the subsequent ubiquitination and photobody formation, leading to CRY2 function and/or degradation. We tested this hypothesis by a structure-function study, using mutant CRY2-GFP fusion proteins expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. We show that changes of lysine residues of the NLS （Nuclear Localization Signal） sequence of CRY2 to arginine residues partially impair the nuclear importation of the CRY2Ks41R and CRY2K554/sR mutant proteins, resulting in reduced phosphorylation, physiological activities, and degradation in response to blue light. In contrast to the wild-type CRY2 protein that forms photobodies exclusively in the nucleus, the CRY2K541R and CRY2K554/sR mutant proteins form protein bodies in both the nucleus and cytosol in response to blue light. These results suggest that photoexcited CRY2 molecules can aggregate to form photobody-like structure without the nucleus-dependent protein modifications or the association with the nuclear CRY2-interacting proteins. Taken together, the observation that CRY2 forms photobodies markedly faster than CRY2 phosphorylation in response to blue light, we hypothesize that the photoexcited cryptochromes form oligomers, preceding other biochemical changes of CRY2, to facilitate photobody formation, signal amplification, and propagation, as well as desensitization by degradation.展开更多
Light affects many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, and floral initiation. How photoreceptors control photomorphogenic processes is not yet fully understood. Because phytohorm...Light affects many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, and floral initiation. How photoreceptors control photomorphogenic processes is not yet fully understood. Because phytohormones are chemical regulators of plant development, it may not be surprising that light affects, directly or indirectly, cellular levels and signaling processes of various phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellins （GA）, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid （ABA）, and brassinosteroids （BR）. Among those phytohormones, light regulation of GA metabolism has probably attracted more attention among photoblologists and it is arguably the most extensively studied plant hormone at present with respect to its role in photomorphogenesis. It has become Increasingly clear that phytochromes and cryptochromes are the major photoreceptors mediating light regulation of GA homeostasis. This short article attempts to examine some recent developments in our understanding of how light and photoreceptors regulate GA blosynthesis and catabolism during seedling development. It is not our intention to carry out a comprehensive review of the field, and readers are referred to recent review articles for a more complete view of this area of study （Kamiya and Garcia-Martinez 1999; Hedden and Phillips 2000; Garcla-Martinez and GI12001; Olszewski et al. 2002; Halliday and Fankhauser 2003; Sun and Gubler 2004）.展开更多
Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and bluelight stimulation of floral initiation in Arabidopsis. In addition to their blue-light-dependent functions, cry...Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and bluelight stimulation of floral initiation in Arabidopsis. In addition to their blue-light-dependent functions, cryptochromes are also involved in blue-light-independent regulation of the circadian clock, cotyledon unfolding, and hypocotyl inhibition. However, the molecular mechanism associated with the blue-light-independent function of cryptochromes remains unclear. We reported here a comparative proteomics study of the light regulation of protein expression. We showed that, as expected, the protein expression of many metabolic enzymes changed in response to both blue light and red light. Surprisingly, some light-regulated protein expression changes are impaired in the cry1cry2 mutant in both blue light and red light. This result suggests that, in addition to mediating blue-light-dependent regulation of protein expression, cryptochromes are also involved in the blue-light-independent regulation of gene expression. Consistent with this hypothesis, the cry1cry2 mutant exhibited reduced changes of mRNA expression in response to not only blue light, but also red light, although the cryptochrome effects on the red-light-dependent gene expression changes are generally less pronounced. These results support a hypothesis that, in addition to their blue-light-specific functions, cryptochromes also play roles in the control of gene expression mediated by the red/far-red-light receptor phytochromes.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Nos.11988101,U183110134,11703047,11773041,and U1831131support by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(id.2021055)cultivation project for FAST scientific payoff and research achievement of CAMS-CAS。
文摘The increasing radio frequency interference(RFI)is a well-recognized problem in radio astronomy research.Pulsars and Fast Radio Bursts(FRBs)are high-priority science targets of the ongoing Commercial Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS).To improve the quality of RFI removal in searches of pulsars and FRBs based on CRAFTS multi-beam data,we here propose an intuitive but powerful RFI mitigation pipeline(CCF-ST).The“CCF-ST”is a spatial filter constructed by signal cross-correlation function(CCF)and Sum-Threshold(ST)algorithm.The RFI marking result is saved in a“mask”file,a binary format for RFI masks in PRESTO.Three known pulsars,PSR B0525-21,PSR B0621-04,and PSR J0943+2252 from CRAFTS L-band 19 beams data are used for evaluation of the performance of CCF-ST in comparison with other methods,such as PRESTO’s“rfifind”,ArPLS-ST and ArPLS-SF.The result shows that CCF-ST can reduce effective data loss rate and improves the detected signal-to-noise ratio of the pulsations by~26%and~18%respectively compared with PRESTO’s“rfifind”and ArPLS-ST.The CCF-ST also has the advantage of low computational cost,e.g.,reducing the time consumption by~40%and memory consumption by~90%compared with ArPLS-SF.We expect that the new RFI mitigation and analysis toolkit(CCF-ST)demonstrated in this paper can be applied to CRAFTS and other multi-beam telescope observations to improve the data quality and efficiency of pulsar and FRB searches.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFCGrant Nos.11988101,11725313,11690024,12041303,U1731238,U2031117,U1831131 and U1831207)+2 种基金supported by the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.LKS[2010]38)support by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(id.2021055)cultivation project for FAST scientific payoff and research achievement of CAMS-CAS。
文摘We developed a GPU based single-pulse search pipeline(GSP)with a candidate-archiving database.Largely based upon the infrastructure of the open source PulsaR Exploration and Search Toolkit(PRESTO),GSP implements GPU acceleration of the de-dispersion and integrates a candidate-archiving database.We applied GSP to the data streams from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS),which resulted in quasi-real-time processing.The integrated candidate database facilitates synergistic usage of multiple machine-learning tools and thus improves efficient identification of radio pulsars such as rotating radio transients(RRATs)and fast radio bursts(FRBs).We first tested GSP on pilot CRAFTS observations with the FAST Ultra-Wide Band(UWB)receiver.GSP detected all pulsars known from the the Parkes multibeam pulsar survey in the corresponding sky area covered by the FAST-UWB.GSP also discovered 13 new pulsars.We measured the computational efficiency of GSP to be~120 times faster than the original PRESTO and~60 times faster than an MPI-parallelized version of PRESTO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988101,U2031117,11725313,12041303,11873067,U1831131 and U1631132)the China Scholarship Council(No.201704910686)+4 种基金the CASMPG LEGACY projectthe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23000000)the National SKA Program of China(No.2020SKA0120200)the Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Education Department(No.KY(2020)003)the Cultivation Project for FAST Scientific Payoff and the Research Achievement of CAMS-CAS。
文摘We present Arecibo 327 MHz confirmation and follow-up studies of seven new pulsars discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope(FAST).These pulsars are discovered in a pilot program of the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey(CRAFTS)with the ultra-widebandwidth commissioning receiver.Five of them are normal pulsars and two are extreme nulling slow pulsars.PSR J2111+2132’s dispersion measure(DM:78.5 pc cm^(-3))is above the upper limits of the two Galactic free electron density models,NE2001 and YMW16,and PSR J2057+2133’s position is out of the Scutum-Crux Arm,making them uniquely useful for improving the Galactic free electron density model in their directions.We present a detailed single pulse analysis for the slow nulling pulsars.We show evidence that PSR J2323+1214’s main pulse component follows a non-Poisson distribution and marginal evidence for a sub-pulse-drift or recurrent period of 32.3±0.4 rotations from PSR J0539+0013.We discuss the implication of our finding to the pulsar radiation mechanism.
基金the National Institute of Health，the National Natural Science Foundation of China，National Transgenic Crop Initiative
文摘Arabidopsis cryptochrome 2 （CRY2） is a blue-light receptor mediating blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and photoperiodic promotion of floral initiation. CRY2 is a constitutive nuclear protein that undergoes blue-light-dependent phosphorylation, ubiquitination, photobody formation, and degradation in the nucleus, but the relationship between these blue-light-dependent events remains unclear. It has been proposed that CRY2 phosphorylation triggers a conformational change responsible for the subsequent ubiquitination and photobody formation, leading to CRY2 function and/or degradation. We tested this hypothesis by a structure-function study, using mutant CRY2-GFP fusion proteins expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis. We show that changes of lysine residues of the NLS （Nuclear Localization Signal） sequence of CRY2 to arginine residues partially impair the nuclear importation of the CRY2Ks41R and CRY2K554/sR mutant proteins, resulting in reduced phosphorylation, physiological activities, and degradation in response to blue light. In contrast to the wild-type CRY2 protein that forms photobodies exclusively in the nucleus, the CRY2K541R and CRY2K554/sR mutant proteins form protein bodies in both the nucleus and cytosol in response to blue light. These results suggest that photoexcited CRY2 molecules can aggregate to form photobody-like structure without the nucleus-dependent protein modifications or the association with the nuclear CRY2-interacting proteins. Taken together, the observation that CRY2 forms photobodies markedly faster than CRY2 phosphorylation in response to blue light, we hypothesize that the photoexcited cryptochromes form oligomers, preceding other biochemical changes of CRY2, to facilitate photobody formation, signal amplification, and propagation, as well as desensitization by degradation.
基金Supported in part by National Institute of Health （GM56265 to CL）, Changjiang scholarship （to CL）, and the 985 Project fund to Hunan University. Publication of this paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30624808） and Science Publication Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘Light affects many aspects of plant development, including seed germination, stem elongation, and floral initiation. How photoreceptors control photomorphogenic processes is not yet fully understood. Because phytohormones are chemical regulators of plant development, it may not be surprising that light affects, directly or indirectly, cellular levels and signaling processes of various phytohormones, such as auxin, gibberellins （GA）, cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid （ABA）, and brassinosteroids （BR）. Among those phytohormones, light regulation of GA metabolism has probably attracted more attention among photoblologists and it is arguably the most extensively studied plant hormone at present with respect to its role in photomorphogenesis. It has become Increasingly clear that phytochromes and cryptochromes are the major photoreceptors mediating light regulation of GA homeostasis. This short article attempts to examine some recent developments in our understanding of how light and photoreceptors regulate GA blosynthesis and catabolism during seedling development. It is not our intention to carry out a comprehensive review of the field, and readers are referred to recent review articles for a more complete view of this area of study （Kamiya and Garcia-Martinez 1999; Hedden and Phillips 2000; Garcla-Martinez and GI12001; Olszewski et al. 2002; Halliday and Fankhauser 2003; Sun and Gubler 2004）.
基金This work is supported in part by the National Institute of Health （GM56265 to CL） to UCLA, and the Changjiang scholarship, NSFC （30600368）, Hunan Natural Science Foundation （05JJ30038）, and the 211/985 higher education enhancement funds to Hunan University.
文摘Cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate blue-light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and bluelight stimulation of floral initiation in Arabidopsis. In addition to their blue-light-dependent functions, cryptochromes are also involved in blue-light-independent regulation of the circadian clock, cotyledon unfolding, and hypocotyl inhibition. However, the molecular mechanism associated with the blue-light-independent function of cryptochromes remains unclear. We reported here a comparative proteomics study of the light regulation of protein expression. We showed that, as expected, the protein expression of many metabolic enzymes changed in response to both blue light and red light. Surprisingly, some light-regulated protein expression changes are impaired in the cry1cry2 mutant in both blue light and red light. This result suggests that, in addition to mediating blue-light-dependent regulation of protein expression, cryptochromes are also involved in the blue-light-independent regulation of gene expression. Consistent with this hypothesis, the cry1cry2 mutant exhibited reduced changes of mRNA expression in response to not only blue light, but also red light, although the cryptochrome effects on the red-light-dependent gene expression changes are generally less pronounced. These results support a hypothesis that, in addition to their blue-light-specific functions, cryptochromes also play roles in the control of gene expression mediated by the red/far-red-light receptor phytochromes.
