Comprehensive evaluation based on mineral element content is one of the effective methods for the exploration and utilization of wild tulip germplasm resources.In this study,Tulipa iliensis,Tulipa tianschanica and Tul...Comprehensive evaluation based on mineral element content is one of the effective methods for the exploration and utilization of wild tulip germplasm resources.In this study,Tulipa iliensis,Tulipa tianschanica and Tulipa heterophylla distributed in China were used as the research objects.The contents of 10mineral elements(N,K,P,S,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn)in roots,bulbs and leaves were determined,and the three wild tulips were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed distinct variations in mineral element content among different organs of T.iliensis,T.tianschanica and T.heterophylla,with T.heterophylla exhibiting significantly higher mineral content across all organs compared to the other two wild tulips.Correlation analysis revealed significant(p<0.05)inter-element relationships in T.iliensis,T.tianschanica and T.heterophylla,with positive correlations between N and P,Ca and Zn in roots,P and Mg,P and Cu,Mg and Cu in bulbs,K and Mg,K and Fe,Zn and Mn,Mg and Fe in leaves,alongside a negative S and Fe correlation in leaves.The comprehensive evaluation identified N,S,Ca,and Zn as representative elements for assessing the three wild tulips,with their abundance ranking as follows:T.heterophylla>T.iliensis>T.tianschanica.The results of cluster analysis showed that T.heterophylla was clustered into one category in the roots because of the rich content of mineral elements.T.iliensis and T.tianschanica were clustered into one category in the bulbs because the accumulation of S element was higher than T.heterophylla.T.iliensis and T.heterophylla were clustered into one category in the leaves because of the rich content of mineral elements.The distribution of diverse mineral elements enables wild tulip germplasm resources to adapt to varied natural habitats,playing a decisive role in their response to specific environmental stresses.Studying mineral elements is an important way to gain an in-depth understanding of tulip germplasm resources.The results are of practical significance for conserving wild tulip resources and achieving sustainable utilization.展开更多
Saussurea inversa is one of the Tibetan medicine with developed aerenchyma.In this study,we investigated the function of the ShCTR1 gene related to the formation of aerenchyma.The study of the occurrence and formation...Saussurea inversa is one of the Tibetan medicine with developed aerenchyma.In this study,we investigated the function of the ShCTR1 gene related to the formation of aerenchyma.The study of the occurrence and formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa has certain theoretical significance in revealing the special mechanism of alpine plants adapting to the environment.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that S.inversa ShCTR1 interacted with the ShRBOH1,which is a key producer of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and it was hypothesized that ShCTR1 regulation of aerenchyma formation in S.inversa mainly mediated by ROS.Aerenchyma induction and inhibition experiments were carried out on S.inversa seedlings,it was shown that ROS inducer(AT)and Ethene(ETH)induced the formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa well in roots,stems,and leaves,and Ethylene inhibitor(1-MCP)and ROS inhibitor DPI(diphenylene iodonium)inhibited the formation of aerenchyma of S.inversa in different degrees,which proved that ROS and ethylene(ET)were positively correlated with the formation of aerenchyma.Meanwhile,AT and ETH well induced the expression of the ShCTR1 gene,and 1-MCP and DPI inhibited the expression of the ShCTR1 gene to different degrees,which proved that ROS and ET were also positively correlated with the expression of the ShCTR1 gene.ShCTR1 was transferred into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.),then repeat the above experiment.It was shown that positive rate and porosity were lowest and highest after DPI and AT treatments,respectively,it showed a positive correlation,which proved that the ShCTR1 gene was positively regulating the formation of aerenchyma.Overexpression of the ShCTR1 gene increased the content of ROS,consequently,the regulation of aerenchyma formation by the ShCTR1 gene is mainly mediated by ROS.It suggested that the formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa was related to hypoxia in the alpine environment,and ShCTR1 interacts with ShRBOH1 to positively regulate the formation of aerenchyma mainly mediated by ROS.展开更多
Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread ...Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread of Tulipa iliensis by considering bioclimatic,soil,and topographic variables,the findings of this research can act as a benchmark for the conservation,management,and utilization of Tulipa iliensis as a wild plant resource.Research results indicate that all 12 models have an area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)values greater than 0.968 for the paleoclimatic,current,and future climate scenarios,this suggests an exceptionally high level of predictive accuracy for the models.The distribution of Tulipa iliensis is influenced by several key factors.These factors include the mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9),calcium carbonate content(T_CACO3),slope,precipitation of the driest month(Bio14),Basic saturation(T_BS),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19).During the three paleoclimate climate scenarios,the appropriate habitats for Tulipa iliensis showed a pattern of expansion-contraction expansion.Furthermore,the total suitable area accounted for 13.38%,12.28%,and 13.28%of the mainland area,respectively.According to the current climate scenario,the High-suitability area covers 61.78472×10^(4)km^(2),which accounts for 6.57%of the total suitable area,The Midsuitability area covers 190.0938×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 20.2%of the total suitable area,this represents a decrease of 63.53%~67.13%compared to the suitable area of Tulipa iliensis under the paleoclimate scenario.Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,in 2050 and 2090,Tulipa iliensis is projected to experience a decrease in the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas under the SSP126 climate scenario by 7.10%~12.96%,2.96%~4.27%and 4.80%~7.96%,respectively.According to the SSP245 scenario,the high suitability area experienced a slight expansion of 2.26%in 2050,but a reduction of 6.32%in 2090.In the SSP370 scenario,the High-suitability areas had a larger reduction rate of 11.24%in 2050,while the Mid-suitability and Low-suitability areas had smaller expansion rates of 0.36%and 4.86%,respectively.In 2090,the High-suitability area decreased by 4.84%,while the Mid and Low-suitability areas experienced significant expansions of 15.73%and 45.89%,respectively.According to the SSP585 scenario,in the future,the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas are projected to increase by 5.09%~7.21%,7.57%~17.66%,and 12.30%~48.98%,respectively.The research offers enhanced theoretical direction for preserving Tulipa iliensis’genetic variety amidst evolving climatic scenarios.展开更多
基金supported by the“Natural Science Foundation Project of Qinghai Province,China[2025-ZJ-950M]”and“West Light Foundation.Chinese Academy of Science[1–7]”.
文摘Comprehensive evaluation based on mineral element content is one of the effective methods for the exploration and utilization of wild tulip germplasm resources.In this study,Tulipa iliensis,Tulipa tianschanica and Tulipa heterophylla distributed in China were used as the research objects.The contents of 10mineral elements(N,K,P,S,Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn)in roots,bulbs and leaves were determined,and the three wild tulips were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed distinct variations in mineral element content among different organs of T.iliensis,T.tianschanica and T.heterophylla,with T.heterophylla exhibiting significantly higher mineral content across all organs compared to the other two wild tulips.Correlation analysis revealed significant(p<0.05)inter-element relationships in T.iliensis,T.tianschanica and T.heterophylla,with positive correlations between N and P,Ca and Zn in roots,P and Mg,P and Cu,Mg and Cu in bulbs,K and Mg,K and Fe,Zn and Mn,Mg and Fe in leaves,alongside a negative S and Fe correlation in leaves.The comprehensive evaluation identified N,S,Ca,and Zn as representative elements for assessing the three wild tulips,with their abundance ranking as follows:T.heterophylla>T.iliensis>T.tianschanica.The results of cluster analysis showed that T.heterophylla was clustered into one category in the roots because of the rich content of mineral elements.T.iliensis and T.tianschanica were clustered into one category in the bulbs because the accumulation of S element was higher than T.heterophylla.T.iliensis and T.heterophylla were clustered into one category in the leaves because of the rich content of mineral elements.The distribution of diverse mineral elements enables wild tulip germplasm resources to adapt to varied natural habitats,playing a decisive role in their response to specific environmental stresses.Studying mineral elements is an important way to gain an in-depth understanding of tulip germplasm resources.The results are of practical significance for conserving wild tulip resources and achieving sustainable utilization.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960222)The West Light Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Science(1–7).
文摘Saussurea inversa is one of the Tibetan medicine with developed aerenchyma.In this study,we investigated the function of the ShCTR1 gene related to the formation of aerenchyma.The study of the occurrence and formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa has certain theoretical significance in revealing the special mechanism of alpine plants adapting to the environment.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that S.inversa ShCTR1 interacted with the ShRBOH1,which is a key producer of reactive oxygen species(ROS),and it was hypothesized that ShCTR1 regulation of aerenchyma formation in S.inversa mainly mediated by ROS.Aerenchyma induction and inhibition experiments were carried out on S.inversa seedlings,it was shown that ROS inducer(AT)and Ethene(ETH)induced the formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa well in roots,stems,and leaves,and Ethylene inhibitor(1-MCP)and ROS inhibitor DPI(diphenylene iodonium)inhibited the formation of aerenchyma of S.inversa in different degrees,which proved that ROS and ethylene(ET)were positively correlated with the formation of aerenchyma.Meanwhile,AT and ETH well induced the expression of the ShCTR1 gene,and 1-MCP and DPI inhibited the expression of the ShCTR1 gene to different degrees,which proved that ROS and ET were also positively correlated with the expression of the ShCTR1 gene.ShCTR1 was transferred into tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.),then repeat the above experiment.It was shown that positive rate and porosity were lowest and highest after DPI and AT treatments,respectively,it showed a positive correlation,which proved that the ShCTR1 gene was positively regulating the formation of aerenchyma.Overexpression of the ShCTR1 gene increased the content of ROS,consequently,the regulation of aerenchyma formation by the ShCTR1 gene is mainly mediated by ROS.It suggested that the formation of aerenchyma in S.inversa was related to hypoxia in the alpine environment,and ShCTR1 interacts with ShRBOH1 to positively regulate the formation of aerenchyma mainly mediated by ROS.
文摘Tulipa iliensis,as a wild plant resource,possesses high ornamental value and can provide abundant parental materials for tulip breeding.The objective of this research was to forecast the worldwide geographical spread of Tulipa iliensis by considering bioclimatic,soil,and topographic variables,the findings of this research can act as a benchmark for the conservation,management,and utilization of Tulipa iliensis as a wild plant resource.Research results indicate that all 12 models have an area under curve(AUC)of the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)values greater than 0.968 for the paleoclimatic,current,and future climate scenarios,this suggests an exceptionally high level of predictive accuracy for the models.The distribution of Tulipa iliensis is influenced by several key factors.These factors include the mean temperature of the driest quarter(Bio9),calcium carbonate content(T_CACO3),slope,precipitation of the driest month(Bio14),Basic saturation(T_BS),and precipitation of the coldest quarter(Bio19).During the three paleoclimate climate scenarios,the appropriate habitats for Tulipa iliensis showed a pattern of expansion-contraction expansion.Furthermore,the total suitable area accounted for 13.38%,12.28%,and 13.28%of the mainland area,respectively.According to the current climate scenario,the High-suitability area covers 61.78472×10^(4)km^(2),which accounts for 6.57%of the total suitable area,The Midsuitability area covers 190.0938×10^(4)km^(2),accounting for 20.2%of the total suitable area,this represents a decrease of 63.53%~67.13%compared to the suitable area of Tulipa iliensis under the paleoclimate scenario.Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,in 2050 and 2090,Tulipa iliensis is projected to experience a decrease in the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas under the SSP126 climate scenario by 7.10%~12.96%,2.96%~4.27%and 4.80%~7.96%,respectively.According to the SSP245 scenario,the high suitability area experienced a slight expansion of 2.26%in 2050,but a reduction of 6.32%in 2090.In the SSP370 scenario,the High-suitability areas had a larger reduction rate of 11.24%in 2050,while the Mid-suitability and Low-suitability areas had smaller expansion rates of 0.36%and 4.86%,respectively.In 2090,the High-suitability area decreased by 4.84%,while the Mid and Low-suitability areas experienced significant expansions of 15.73%and 45.89%,respectively.According to the SSP585 scenario,in the future,the High,Mid,and Low-suitability areas are projected to increase by 5.09%~7.21%,7.57%~17.66%,and 12.30%~48.98%,respectively.The research offers enhanced theoretical direction for preserving Tulipa iliensis’genetic variety amidst evolving climatic scenarios.
