Sea surface wind(SSW)observations from a newly developed“Black Pearl”wave glider,the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT),the HY-2A microwave scatterometer,and a recently released high-resolution atmospheri...Sea surface wind(SSW)observations from a newly developed“Black Pearl”wave glider,the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT),the HY-2A microwave scatterometer,and a recently released high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis(ERA5)are evaluated with respect to in-situ buoy observations(115.46°E,19.85°N)from the South China Sea.Buoy observations from June to November 2019 are used to evaluate the wind estimates from the different platforms.The comparisons show that the HY-2A and CFOSAT scatterometer wind speeds have mean root mean square errors(RMSEs)of approximately 1.6 and 1.6 m/s,respectively,and the corresponding mean wind direction RMSEs are approximately 19°and 17°,which indicates that these satellite retrievals meet the requirements of design engineering missions.The wind speed and wind direction RMSEs of ERA5 are approximately 1.9 m/s and 33°,respectively.The correlation coefficients between the HY-2A,CFOSAT,and ERA5 wind speeds and the buoy observations are 0.86,0.85,and 0.84,respectively,and the corresponding coefficients of the wind direction are 0.98,0.98,and 0.93,respectively,at a 95%confidence level.However,the wind sensor in the wave glider provides relatively poor-quality observations compared with the buoy measurements and has higher wind speed and wind direction RMSEs of 2.9 m/s and 50.1°,respectively.Taylor diagrams are utilized to illustrate comprehensive wind comparisons between the multiplatform observations and buoy observations.The results help identify the basic biases in SSWs among different products and enhance confidence in the future use of SSW data for studies of upper ocean dynamics and climate analysis.Suggestions are also off ered to help improve the design of next-generation wave gliders.展开更多
Latent and sensible heat fluxes based on observations from a Black Pearl wave glider were estimated along the main stream of the Kuroshio Current from the East China Sea to the east coast of Japan,from December 2018 t...Latent and sensible heat fluxes based on observations from a Black Pearl wave glider were estimated along the main stream of the Kuroshio Current from the East China Sea to the east coast of Japan,from December 2018 to January 2019.It is found that the data obtained by the wave glider were comparable to the sea surface temperature data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis and the wind field data from WindSat.The Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment 3.0(COARE 3.0)algorithm was used to calculate the change in air-sea turbulent heat flux along the Kuroshio.The averaged latent heat flux(LHF)and sensible heat flux(SHF)were 235 W/m^(2)and 134 W/m^(2),respectively,and the values in the Kuroshio were significant larger than those in the East China Sea.The LHF and SHF obtained from Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans(OAFlux)were closer to those measured by the wave glider than those obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis products.The maximum deviation occurred in the East China Sea and the recirculation zone of the Kuroshio(deviation of SHF>200 W/m^(2);deviation of LHF>400 W/m^(2)).This indicates that the NCEP and OAFlux products have large biases in areas with complex circulation.The wave glider has great potential to observe air-sea heat fluxes with a complex circulation structure.展开更多
Tropical cyclones(TCs)are intense synoptic phenomena significantly impacting the upper ocean environment and influencing not only local air-sea interactions but also long-term ocean heat budgets,ocean circulations and...Tropical cyclones(TCs)are intense synoptic phenomena significantly impacting the upper ocean environment and influencing not only local air-sea interactions but also long-term ocean heat budgets,ocean circulations and sediment transports[1,2].Because of strong winds,severe precipitations and unfavourable ocean conditions[1,3],it is difficult to obtain in situ observations during TCs,which limits the understanding of TC-ocean interactions.Traditional field observations during TCs are performed mainly via moored buoys/moorings[4],Argo floats[5],drifters[6]and airdeployed profiling floats[7].These observation systems are deployed in the ocean in advance,and air-sea conditions are observed during TCs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42076016)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2019B02814)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC0213104)。
文摘Sea surface wind(SSW)observations from a newly developed“Black Pearl”wave glider,the Chinese-French Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT),the HY-2A microwave scatterometer,and a recently released high-resolution atmospheric reanalysis(ERA5)are evaluated with respect to in-situ buoy observations(115.46°E,19.85°N)from the South China Sea.Buoy observations from June to November 2019 are used to evaluate the wind estimates from the different platforms.The comparisons show that the HY-2A and CFOSAT scatterometer wind speeds have mean root mean square errors(RMSEs)of approximately 1.6 and 1.6 m/s,respectively,and the corresponding mean wind direction RMSEs are approximately 19°and 17°,which indicates that these satellite retrievals meet the requirements of design engineering missions.The wind speed and wind direction RMSEs of ERA5 are approximately 1.9 m/s and 33°,respectively.The correlation coefficients between the HY-2A,CFOSAT,and ERA5 wind speeds and the buoy observations are 0.86,0.85,and 0.84,respectively,and the corresponding coefficients of the wind direction are 0.98,0.98,and 0.93,respectively,at a 95%confidence level.However,the wind sensor in the wave glider provides relatively poor-quality observations compared with the buoy measurements and has higher wind speed and wind direction RMSEs of 2.9 m/s and 50.1°,respectively.Taylor diagrams are utilized to illustrate comprehensive wind comparisons between the multiplatform observations and buoy observations.The results help identify the basic biases in SSWs among different products and enhance confidence in the future use of SSW data for studies of upper ocean dynamics and climate analysis.Suggestions are also off ered to help improve the design of next-generation wave gliders.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract Nos 2017YFC0305904,2017YFC0305902 and 2017YFC0305804the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.44006020+3 种基金the Guangdong Science and Technology Project under contract No.2019A1515111044the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project)under contract No.2019JZZY020701the Wenhai Program of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.2017WHZZB0101the CAS Key Technology Talent Program under contract No.202012292205。
文摘Latent and sensible heat fluxes based on observations from a Black Pearl wave glider were estimated along the main stream of the Kuroshio Current from the East China Sea to the east coast of Japan,from December 2018 to January 2019.It is found that the data obtained by the wave glider were comparable to the sea surface temperature data from the Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis and the wind field data from WindSat.The Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment 3.0(COARE 3.0)algorithm was used to calculate the change in air-sea turbulent heat flux along the Kuroshio.The averaged latent heat flux(LHF)and sensible heat flux(SHF)were 235 W/m^(2)and 134 W/m^(2),respectively,and the values in the Kuroshio were significant larger than those in the East China Sea.The LHF and SHF obtained from Objectively Analyzed Air-Sea Fluxes for the Global Oceans(OAFlux)were closer to those measured by the wave glider than those obtained from National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)reanalysis products.The maximum deviation occurred in the East China Sea and the recirculation zone of the Kuroshio(deviation of SHF>200 W/m^(2);deviation of LHF>400 W/m^(2)).This indicates that the NCEP and OAFlux products have large biases in areas with complex circulation.The wave glider has great potential to observe air-sea heat fluxes with a complex circulation structure.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of Chinathe Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C03257)+8 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of OceanographyMNR(JG2309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42176015 and 42227901)the Project supported by Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML2021SP207)the Innovation Group Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(316323005)the MEL Visiting Fellowship(MELRS2303)the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction II Program(GASI-01-WPAC-STspr)supported by the Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-ocean-ice System for Weather and Climate,Ministry of Educationthe CMAFDU Joint Laboratory of Maine Meteorology。
文摘Tropical cyclones(TCs)are intense synoptic phenomena significantly impacting the upper ocean environment and influencing not only local air-sea interactions but also long-term ocean heat budgets,ocean circulations and sediment transports[1,2].Because of strong winds,severe precipitations and unfavourable ocean conditions[1,3],it is difficult to obtain in situ observations during TCs,which limits the understanding of TC-ocean interactions.Traditional field observations during TCs are performed mainly via moored buoys/moorings[4],Argo floats[5],drifters[6]and airdeployed profiling floats[7].These observation systems are deployed in the ocean in advance,and air-sea conditions are observed during TCs.
