Hordeum californicum （2n = 2x = 14, HH） is resistant to several wheat diseases and tolerant to lower nitrogen. In this study, a molecular karyotype of H. californicum chromosomes in the Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chin...Hordeum californicum （2n = 2x = 14, HH） is resistant to several wheat diseases and tolerant to lower nitrogen. In this study, a molecular karyotype of H. californicum chromosomes in the Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphidiploid （2n = 6x = 56, AABBDDHH） was established. By genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） using repetitive DNA clones （pTa71, pTa794 and pSc119.2） as probes, the H. californicum chromosomes could be differentiated from each other and from the wheat chromosomes unequivocally. Based on molecular karyotype and marker analyses, 12 wheat--alien chromosome lines, including four disomic addition lines （DAH1, DAH3, DAH5 and DAH6）, five telosomic addition lines （MtH7L, MtHIS, MtH1L, DtH6S and DtH6L）, one multiple addition line involving H. californicum chromosome H2, one disomic substitution line （DSH4） and one translocation line （TH7S/1BL）, were identified from the progenies derived from the crosses of CS-H. californicum amphidiploid with common wheat varieties. A total of 482 EST （expressed sequence tag） or SSR （simple sequence repeat） markers specific for individual H. californicum chromosomes were identified, and 47, 50, 45, 49, 21, 51 and 40 markers were assigned to chromosomes H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 and H7, respectively. According to the chromosome allocation of these markers, chromosomes H2, H3, H4, H5, and H7 of H. californicum have relationship with wheat homoeologous groups 5, 2, 6, 3, and 1, and hence could be designated as 5Hc, 2He, 6Hc, 3Hc and 1Hc, respectively. The chromosomes H1 and H6 were designated as 7Hc and 4Hc, respectively, by referring to SSR markers located on rye chromosomes.展开更多
Inefficient nitrogen(N)utilization in agricultural production has led to many negative impacts such as excessive use of N fertilizers,redundant plant growth,greenhouse gases,long-lasting toxicity in ecosystem,and even...Inefficient nitrogen(N)utilization in agricultural production has led to many negative impacts such as excessive use of N fertilizers,redundant plant growth,greenhouse gases,long-lasting toxicity in ecosystem,and even effect on human health,indicating the importance to optimize N applications in cropping systems.Here,we present a multiseasonal study that focused on measuring phenotypic changes in wheat plants when they were responding to different N treatments under field conditions.Powered by drone-based aerial phenotyping and the AirMeasurer platform,we first quantified 6 N response-related traits as targets using plot-based morphological,spectral,and textural signals collected from 54 winter wheat varieties.Then,we developed dynamic phenotypic analysis using curve fitting to establish profile curves of the traits during the season,which enabled us to compute static phenotypes at key growth stages and dynamic phenotypes(i.e.,phenotypic changes)during N response.After that,we combine 12 yield production and N-utilization indices manually measured to produce N efficiency comprehensive scores(NECS),based on which we classified the varieties into 4 N responsiveness(i.e.,N-dependent yield increase)groups.The NECS ranking facilitated us to establish a tailored machine learning model for N responsiveness-related varietal classification just using N-response phenotypes with high accuracies.Finally,we employed the Wheat55K SNP Array to map single-nucleotide polymorphisms using N response-related static and dynamic phenotypes,helping us explore genetic components underlying N responsiveness in wheat.In summary,we believe that our work demonstrates valuable advances in N response-related plant research,which could have major implications for improving N sustainability in wheat breeding and production.展开更多
基金supported by the Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2012306)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (No. B08025)+1 种基金the Project No.7 from Science and High-Tech Based Major Program of Agriculture Committee of Shanghai Municipal Administration (No.20127)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)
文摘Hordeum californicum （2n = 2x = 14, HH） is resistant to several wheat diseases and tolerant to lower nitrogen. In this study, a molecular karyotype of H. californicum chromosomes in the Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring （CS）-H. californicum amphidiploid （2n = 6x = 56, AABBDDHH） was established. By genomic in situ hybridization （GISH） and multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization （FISH） using repetitive DNA clones （pTa71, pTa794 and pSc119.2） as probes, the H. californicum chromosomes could be differentiated from each other and from the wheat chromosomes unequivocally. Based on molecular karyotype and marker analyses, 12 wheat--alien chromosome lines, including four disomic addition lines （DAH1, DAH3, DAH5 and DAH6）, five telosomic addition lines （MtH7L, MtHIS, MtH1L, DtH6S and DtH6L）, one multiple addition line involving H. californicum chromosome H2, one disomic substitution line （DSH4） and one translocation line （TH7S/1BL）, were identified from the progenies derived from the crosses of CS-H. californicum amphidiploid with common wheat varieties. A total of 482 EST （expressed sequence tag） or SSR （simple sequence repeat） markers specific for individual H. californicum chromosomes were identified, and 47, 50, 45, 49, 21, 51 and 40 markers were assigned to chromosomes H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 and H7, respectively. According to the chromosome allocation of these markers, chromosomes H2, H3, H4, H5, and H7 of H. californicum have relationship with wheat homoeologous groups 5, 2, 6, 3, and 1, and hence could be designated as 5Hc, 2He, 6Hc, 3Hc and 1Hc, respectively. The chromosomes H1 and H6 were designated as 7Hc and 4Hc, respectively, by referring to SSR markers located on rye chromosomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070400 to J.Z.)The drone-based phenotyping,field experiments,yield,and N measures were also supported by the Key Project of Modern Agriculture of Jiangsu Province(BE2019383)+1 种基金J.Z.,R.J.,and G.Deakin were partially supported by the Allan&Gill Gray Philanthropies'sustainable productivity for crops improvement(G118688 to the University of Cambridge and Q-20-0370 to NIAB)J.Z.and R.J.were supported by the One CGIAR's Seed Equal Initiative(5507-CGIA-07 to J.Z.),as well as the United Kingdom Research and Innovation's(UKRI)Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council's(BBSRC)International Partnership Grant(BB/X511882/1).
文摘Inefficient nitrogen(N)utilization in agricultural production has led to many negative impacts such as excessive use of N fertilizers,redundant plant growth,greenhouse gases,long-lasting toxicity in ecosystem,and even effect on human health,indicating the importance to optimize N applications in cropping systems.Here,we present a multiseasonal study that focused on measuring phenotypic changes in wheat plants when they were responding to different N treatments under field conditions.Powered by drone-based aerial phenotyping and the AirMeasurer platform,we first quantified 6 N response-related traits as targets using plot-based morphological,spectral,and textural signals collected from 54 winter wheat varieties.Then,we developed dynamic phenotypic analysis using curve fitting to establish profile curves of the traits during the season,which enabled us to compute static phenotypes at key growth stages and dynamic phenotypes(i.e.,phenotypic changes)during N response.After that,we combine 12 yield production and N-utilization indices manually measured to produce N efficiency comprehensive scores(NECS),based on which we classified the varieties into 4 N responsiveness(i.e.,N-dependent yield increase)groups.The NECS ranking facilitated us to establish a tailored machine learning model for N responsiveness-related varietal classification just using N-response phenotypes with high accuracies.Finally,we employed the Wheat55K SNP Array to map single-nucleotide polymorphisms using N response-related static and dynamic phenotypes,helping us explore genetic components underlying N responsiveness in wheat.In summary,we believe that our work demonstrates valuable advances in N response-related plant research,which could have major implications for improving N sustainability in wheat breeding and production.
