BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs...BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs)often overlook age,sex,and demographic variations.Partitioned RIs,while considering these factors,fail to capture the gradual age-related physiological changes.Next-generation RIs offer a solution to this limitation.AIM To investigate age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and establish next-generation RIs for adults and the elderly in northern China.METHODS After screening,708 healthy individuals were included in this observational study.Serum PG was measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay.Age-and sex-related effects on PG were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance.RI partitioning was determined by the standard deviation ratio(SDR).Traditional RIs were established using a non-parametric approach.Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape(GAMLSS)modeled age-related trends and continuous reference percentiles for PG I and PG II.Reference limit flagging rates for both RI types were compared.RESULTS PG I and PG II levels were influenced by age(P<0.001)and sex(P<0.001),while PGR remained stable.Age-specific RIs were required for PG I(SDR=0.366)and PG II(SDR=0.424).Partitioned RIs were established for PG I and PG II,with a single RI for PGR.GAMLSS modeling revealed distinct age-dependent trajectories:PG I increased from a median of 39.75μg/L at age 20 years to 49.75μg/L at age 60 years,a 25.16%increase,after which it plateaued through age 80 years.In contrast,PG II showed a continuous rise throughout the age range,with the median value increasing from 5.07μg/L at age 20 years to 8.36μg/L at age 80 years,corresponding to a 64.89%increase.Continuous reference percentiles intuitively reflected these trends and were detailed in this study.Next-generation RIs demonstrated superior accuracy compared to partitioned RIs when applied to specific age subgroups.CONCLUSION This study elucidates the age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and,to our knowledge,is the first to establish next-generation RIs for PG,supporting more individualized interpretation in laboratory medicine.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects of plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure on the proliferation and biotransformation function of C3A cells in vitro,and provide experimental data for C3A cells to...Objective To investigate the effects of plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure on the proliferation and biotransformation function of C3A cells in vitro,and provide experimental data for C3A cells to be efficiently used in the bioartificial liver system.Methods C3A cells were incubated in 100%normal human plasma(NHP)and 100%abnormal plasma(AP)from patients with acute on chronic liver failure.Growth morphology of the two groups were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope.The method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)was conducted for the proliferation activities of C3A cells.The cellular apoptosis rates were assessed by the flow cytometer.The biotransformation function of cells was evaluated through diazepam metabolic amount assay.The concentrations of epithelial growth factor(EGF),transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α)and interleukin-1(IL-1)were detected in plasma of the two groups.Results A:The proliferation activities of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,48,72,96 and 120 hours were significantly higher than that in 100%NHP(P<0.01).B:Observation under the inverted microscope indicated that the cells in 100%AP were growing faster than those in 100%NHP after cells attached to the plastic at24 and 48 hours.The same phenomena was observed under the scanning electronic microscope.C:The C3A cells cultured in both groups of plasma showed the same apoptosis rate at 48 hours and there was no statistical difference.D:The diazepam metabolic value of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,72 and 120 hours were lower than that in 100%NHP and were statistically different(P<0.01).E:The concentrations of TGF-α,EGF and IL-1 in AP were significantly higher than that in NHP(P<0.01).Conclusions Compared with normal human plasma,the plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure has more obvious effect to facilitate the proliferation of C3A cells,but also decreases partial biotransformation function of C3A cells.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Pepsinogen(PG)and the PG I/II ratio(PGR)are critical indicators for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis,and assessing gastric cancer risk.Existing reference intervals(RIs)often overlook age,sex,and demographic variations.Partitioned RIs,while considering these factors,fail to capture the gradual age-related physiological changes.Next-generation RIs offer a solution to this limitation.AIM To investigate age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and establish next-generation RIs for adults and the elderly in northern China.METHODS After screening,708 healthy individuals were included in this observational study.Serum PG was measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay.Age-and sex-related effects on PG were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance.RI partitioning was determined by the standard deviation ratio(SDR).Traditional RIs were established using a non-parametric approach.Generalized Additive Models for Location,Scale,and Shape(GAMLSS)modeled age-related trends and continuous reference percentiles for PG I and PG II.Reference limit flagging rates for both RI types were compared.RESULTS PG I and PG II levels were influenced by age(P<0.001)and sex(P<0.001),while PGR remained stable.Age-specific RIs were required for PG I(SDR=0.366)and PG II(SDR=0.424).Partitioned RIs were established for PG I and PG II,with a single RI for PGR.GAMLSS modeling revealed distinct age-dependent trajectories:PG I increased from a median of 39.75μg/L at age 20 years to 49.75μg/L at age 60 years,a 25.16%increase,after which it plateaued through age 80 years.In contrast,PG II showed a continuous rise throughout the age range,with the median value increasing from 5.07μg/L at age 20 years to 8.36μg/L at age 80 years,corresponding to a 64.89%increase.Continuous reference percentiles intuitively reflected these trends and were detailed in this study.Next-generation RIs demonstrated superior accuracy compared to partitioned RIs when applied to specific age subgroups.CONCLUSION This study elucidates the age-and sex-specific dynamics of PG and,to our knowledge,is the first to establish next-generation RIs for PG,supporting more individualized interpretation in laboratory medicine.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects of plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure on the proliferation and biotransformation function of C3A cells in vitro,and provide experimental data for C3A cells to be efficiently used in the bioartificial liver system.Methods C3A cells were incubated in 100%normal human plasma(NHP)and 100%abnormal plasma(AP)from patients with acute on chronic liver failure.Growth morphology of the two groups were observed under inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope.The method of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)was conducted for the proliferation activities of C3A cells.The cellular apoptosis rates were assessed by the flow cytometer.The biotransformation function of cells was evaluated through diazepam metabolic amount assay.The concentrations of epithelial growth factor(EGF),transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α)and interleukin-1(IL-1)were detected in plasma of the two groups.Results A:The proliferation activities of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,48,72,96 and 120 hours were significantly higher than that in 100%NHP(P<0.01).B:Observation under the inverted microscope indicated that the cells in 100%AP were growing faster than those in 100%NHP after cells attached to the plastic at24 and 48 hours.The same phenomena was observed under the scanning electronic microscope.C:The C3A cells cultured in both groups of plasma showed the same apoptosis rate at 48 hours and there was no statistical difference.D:The diazepam metabolic value of C3A cells incubated in 100%AP for 24,72 and 120 hours were lower than that in 100%NHP and were statistically different(P<0.01).E:The concentrations of TGF-α,EGF and IL-1 in AP were significantly higher than that in NHP(P<0.01).Conclusions Compared with normal human plasma,the plasma from patients with acute on chronic liver failure has more obvious effect to facilitate the proliferation of C3A cells,but also decreases partial biotransformation function of C3A cells.
