Atypical sensory responsivity is widely reported in autistic individuals and is related to elevated functional difficulties.Dynamically,altered initial responses and/or habituation rates could underlie their atypical ...Atypical sensory responsivity is widely reported in autistic individuals and is related to elevated functional difficulties.Dynamically,altered initial responses and/or habituation rates could underlie their atypical averaged responses to repeated sensory stimuli.In this study we aimed to measure the arousal level in response to different types of auditory stimuli and the dynamic change of atypical arousal level using pupillometry in autistic children.In Experiment 1,43 autistic children and 49 neurotypical(NT)children were asked to passively listen to a mild sound and an aversive sound repeatedly.In Experiment 2,39 autistic children and 44 NT children who went through Experiment 1 listened to a gradually emerging non-startling sound and a suddenly emerging startling sound in a random order.We found that the autistic group showed hyper-arousal in response to the aversive sound and the startling sound as reflected by their larger change in pupil area.In comparison,these autistic children demonstrated normal arousal in response to the mild sound and the non-startling sound.Dynamically,the autistic group had a larger peak pupil area change than the NT group in the first trial and a normal habituation rate to the aversive sound.In summary,our results suggest hyper-arousal to aversive and startling stimuli and the role of larger initial responses in hyper-arousal in autism.Minimizing aversive and startling sensory stimuli or gradually increasing the volume of aversive auditory stimuli to allow autistic children to adapt using the principle of habituation is recommended to reduce the arousal level and problematic behaviors of autistic children.展开更多
Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been p...Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been proposed for green ammonia synthesis from renewable electricity, air and water, where well-known defect-laden WO_(3) is used as the working electrode, and a commercially available PV panel supplies renewable electricity. In this demonstrator, defect-laden WO_(3) exhibits the optimum electrochemical NH_(3) formation rate(4.51 × 10^(-12)mol s^(-1)cm^(-2)) in 0.1 M K_(2)SO_(4)in a photovoltaic electrochemical(PV-EC) system. A system-level energy and cost analysis was conducted to investigate its economic viability and a general evaluation tool for system performance and cost estimation was proposed. This advance enables the possibility of integrating the small-scale green ammonia demonstrator into a stand-alone farm system.展开更多
Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombotic or obstetric events caused by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies(aPLs),namely lupus anticoagulant,anticardiolipin antibodi...Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombotic or obstetric events caused by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies(aPLs),namely lupus anticoagulant,anticardiolipin antibodies,or anti-β2 glycoprotein I(anti-β2GPI)antibodies.^([1])The main target antigen in APS isβ2GPI,through which aPL binds to the cell membrane and subsequently activates membrane receptors and down-stream signal transducers.This may activate natural killer(NK)cells,leading to obstetric complications.展开更多
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030335001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271116)。
文摘Atypical sensory responsivity is widely reported in autistic individuals and is related to elevated functional difficulties.Dynamically,altered initial responses and/or habituation rates could underlie their atypical averaged responses to repeated sensory stimuli.In this study we aimed to measure the arousal level in response to different types of auditory stimuli and the dynamic change of atypical arousal level using pupillometry in autistic children.In Experiment 1,43 autistic children and 49 neurotypical(NT)children were asked to passively listen to a mild sound and an aversive sound repeatedly.In Experiment 2,39 autistic children and 44 NT children who went through Experiment 1 listened to a gradually emerging non-startling sound and a suddenly emerging startling sound in a random order.We found that the autistic group showed hyper-arousal in response to the aversive sound and the startling sound as reflected by their larger change in pupil area.In comparison,these autistic children demonstrated normal arousal in response to the mild sound and the non-startling sound.Dynamically,the autistic group had a larger peak pupil area change than the NT group in the first trial and a normal habituation rate to the aversive sound.In summary,our results suggest hyper-arousal to aversive and startling stimuli and the role of larger initial responses in hyper-arousal in autism.Minimizing aversive and startling sensory stimuli or gradually increasing the volume of aversive auditory stimuli to allow autistic children to adapt using the principle of habituation is recommended to reduce the arousal level and problematic behaviors of autistic children.
基金grateful to the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada for supportthe Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21878162,21872102)+4 种基金support of the NSFC(52102311)the Program for Guangdong Introducing Innovative and Entrepreneurial Teams (2019ZT08L101)the Special Fund for the Sci-tech Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province(210629095860472)the Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation(GXWD20201231105722002-20200824163747001)the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Eco-materials and Renewable Energy(ZDSYS20200922160400001)。
文摘Bridging laboratory research and practical utilization is of crucial importance for the development of green ammonia synthetic technologies. A decentralized photo-assisted electrochemical-based demonstrator has been proposed for green ammonia synthesis from renewable electricity, air and water, where well-known defect-laden WO_(3) is used as the working electrode, and a commercially available PV panel supplies renewable electricity. In this demonstrator, defect-laden WO_(3) exhibits the optimum electrochemical NH_(3) formation rate(4.51 × 10^(-12)mol s^(-1)cm^(-2)) in 0.1 M K_(2)SO_(4)in a photovoltaic electrochemical(PV-EC) system. A system-level energy and cost analysis was conducted to investigate its economic viability and a general evaluation tool for system performance and cost estimation was proposed. This advance enables the possibility of integrating the small-scale green ammonia demonstrator into a stand-alone farm system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871292)the Key Research and Development(R&D)Projects of Shanxi Province(No.201803D31136)。
文摘Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by thrombotic or obstetric events caused by persistent antiphospholipid antibodies(aPLs),namely lupus anticoagulant,anticardiolipin antibodies,or anti-β2 glycoprotein I(anti-β2GPI)antibodies.^([1])The main target antigen in APS isβ2GPI,through which aPL binds to the cell membrane and subsequently activates membrane receptors and down-stream signal transducers.This may activate natural killer(NK)cells,leading to obstetric complications.
