The utilization of solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)presents a promising solution to the issues of safety concern and shuttle effect in Li–S batteries,which has garnered significant interest recently.However,the high in...The utilization of solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)presents a promising solution to the issues of safety concern and shuttle effect in Li–S batteries,which has garnered significant interest recently.However,the high interfacial impedances existing between the SSEs and the electrodes(both lithium anodes and sulfur cathodes)hinder the charge transfer and intensify the uneven deposition of lithium,which ultimately result in insufficient capacity utilization and poor cycling stability.Hence,the reduction of interfacial resistance between SSEs and electrodes is of paramount importance in the pursuit of efficacious solid-state batteries.In this review,we focus on the experimental strategies employed to enhance the interfacial contact between SSEs and electrodes,and summarize recent progresses of their applications in solidstate Li–S batteries.Moreover,the challenges and perspectives of rational interfacial design in practical solid-state Li–S batteries are outlined as well.We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further technique development and practical applications of solid-state lithium batteries.展开更多
In the pursuit of ultrathin polymer electrolyte(<20 μm) for lithium metal batteries, achieving a balance between mechanical strength and interfacial stability is crucial for the longevity of the electrolytes.Herei...In the pursuit of ultrathin polymer electrolyte(<20 μm) for lithium metal batteries, achieving a balance between mechanical strength and interfacial stability is crucial for the longevity of the electrolytes.Herein, 11 μm-thick gel polymer electrolyte is designed via an integrated electrode/electrolyte structure supported by lithium metal anode. Benefiting from an exemplary superiority of excellent mechanical property, high ionic conductivity, and robust interfacial adhesion, the in-situ formed polymer electrolyte reinforced by titanosiloxane networks(ISPTS) embodies multifunctional roles of physical barrier, ionic carrier, and artificial protective layer at the interface. The potent interfacial interactions foster a seamless fusion of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enable continuous ion transport. Moreover, the built-in ISPTS electrolyte participates in the formation of gradient solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI) layer, which enhances the SEI's structural integrity against the strain induced by volume fluctuations of lithium anode.Consequently, the resultant 11 μm-thick ISPTS electrolyte enables lithium symmetric cells with cycling stability over 600 h and LiFePO_(4) cells with remarkable capacity retention of 96.6% after 800 cycles.This study provides a new avenue for designing ultrathin polymer electrolytes towards stable, safe,and high-energy–density lithium metal batteries.展开更多
The role of non-financial corporations in systemic financial risk is critical.Using A-share listed companies as the research sample,this paper measures firms’MES(marginal expected shortfall)andΔCoVaR(conditional val...The role of non-financial corporations in systemic financial risk is critical.Using A-share listed companies as the research sample,this paper measures firms’MES(marginal expected shortfall)andΔCoVaR(conditional value at risk),constructs volatility spillover networks to map inter-industry risk transmission,and applies a REWB(random effects between-within model)regression model to identify the drivers of systemic risk.We find that non-financial companies are vulnerable to systemic shocks and can amplify risk propagation to a certain extent.During the sample period,the mining and real estate industries exhibit greater vulnerability and risk contribution.The characteristics of risk spillover across industries vary across different periods.During stock market crashes,the wholesale and retail sector bore the greatest risk from other industries,while the public health and agriculture sectors became the dominant industries in the risk spillover network during the pandemic.Firm-level characteristics significantly affect the systemic risk exposure of non-financial firms,and their effects on firm vulnerability and risk contribution exhibit heterogeneity.Different market environments during the pandemic and stock market crash periods also led to differing risk drivers.These findings underscore the need for policymakers to focus on the role of non-financial firms in risk formation and provide early warnings for inter-industry risk contagion to effectively prevent systemic risks.展开更多
The photoreduction of CO_(2)with atmospheric air represents a promising avenue toward the sustainable utilization of CO_(2).Herein,a noble-metal free molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst has been employed for t...The photoreduction of CO_(2)with atmospheric air represents a promising avenue toward the sustainable utilization of CO_(2).Herein,a noble-metal free molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst has been employed for the first time for converting CO_(2)to CO with 100%selectivity in water and simultaneous photodegradation of tetracycline in the presence of air.The hybrid photocatalyst consists of carbon nitride and a molecular Ni(II)-terpyridine complex,which shows an order of magnitude improvement in CO yield when exposed to a mixed CO_(2)/air atmosphere compared to high-purity CO_(2)conditions.The CO yield is up to 623.3μmol g^(-1),among the highest for CO_(2)photoreduction in the presence of air.Our findings reveal that the simultaneous photodegradation of tetracycline is vital for the enhanced yield of CO in the presence of air.The photodegradation process consumes more photogenerated holes,aided by reactive oxygen species,which further optimizes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Consequently,photogenerated electrons in the conduction band migrate more efficiently to the linked Ni(II)-terpyridine moiety,leading to improved CO_(2)photoreduction efficiency.Notably,the presence of air does not inhibit but actually promotes the photoreduction of CO_(2).This study provides a unique strategy in which photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants is integrated with high-performance CO_(2)photoreduction with the aid of air.展开更多
Transition metal coordination polymers are emerging as attractive heterogeneous catalysts for lightdriven CO_(2) reduction.Various coordination polymers have been investigated in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.Howeve...Transition metal coordination polymers are emerging as attractive heterogeneous catalysts for lightdriven CO_(2) reduction.Various coordination polymers have been investigated in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.However,it is challenging to develop robust and non-precious metal-based coordination polymers for CO_(2) reduction.Moreover,photoinduced morphological transformation of a coordination polymer has yet to be unveiled in optimizing photocatalytic performance.Herein,we report a selfassembled Fe(Ⅱ)coordination polymer for high-performance photoreduction of CO_(2) to CO.This coordination polymer undergoes photoinduced morphological transformation from nanoplate to nanosphere during photocatalysis,resulting in uncommon self-enhancing photocatalysis.After five cycles of reaction,CO is generated with a high yield of 180 mmol g^(-1) and selectivity of 99.4% in water-containing media.The apparent quantum yield for CO generation is found to be as high as 11.7%at 420 nm.Detailed photoelectrochemical studies demonstrate that nanospheres of the iron(Ⅱ)coordination polymer show more exposed active sites and more efficient charge separation and transfer,which is responsible for the selfenhancing photocatalysis.This work presents a robust photocatalytic system for CO_(2) reduction and also provides unique insight into the morphological transformation of a coordination polymer-based heterogeneous catalyst in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.展开更多
基金the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22222902,22209062)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20200047)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB150004)the Youth Talent Promotion Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology of China(JSTJ-2022-023)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310320066Z)。
文摘The utilization of solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)presents a promising solution to the issues of safety concern and shuttle effect in Li–S batteries,which has garnered significant interest recently.However,the high interfacial impedances existing between the SSEs and the electrodes(both lithium anodes and sulfur cathodes)hinder the charge transfer and intensify the uneven deposition of lithium,which ultimately result in insufficient capacity utilization and poor cycling stability.Hence,the reduction of interfacial resistance between SSEs and electrodes is of paramount importance in the pursuit of efficacious solid-state batteries.In this review,we focus on the experimental strategies employed to enhance the interfacial contact between SSEs and electrodes,and summarize recent progresses of their applications in solidstate Li–S batteries.Moreover,the challenges and perspectives of rational interfacial design in practical solid-state Li–S batteries are outlined as well.We expect that this review will provide new insights into the further technique development and practical applications of solid-state lithium batteries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (22222902, 22209062)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (22KJB150004)+1 种基金Youth Talent Promotion Project of Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology of China (JSTJ-2022-023)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (202310320066Z)。
文摘In the pursuit of ultrathin polymer electrolyte(<20 μm) for lithium metal batteries, achieving a balance between mechanical strength and interfacial stability is crucial for the longevity of the electrolytes.Herein, 11 μm-thick gel polymer electrolyte is designed via an integrated electrode/electrolyte structure supported by lithium metal anode. Benefiting from an exemplary superiority of excellent mechanical property, high ionic conductivity, and robust interfacial adhesion, the in-situ formed polymer electrolyte reinforced by titanosiloxane networks(ISPTS) embodies multifunctional roles of physical barrier, ionic carrier, and artificial protective layer at the interface. The potent interfacial interactions foster a seamless fusion of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces and enable continuous ion transport. Moreover, the built-in ISPTS electrolyte participates in the formation of gradient solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI) layer, which enhances the SEI's structural integrity against the strain induced by volume fluctuations of lithium anode.Consequently, the resultant 11 μm-thick ISPTS electrolyte enables lithium symmetric cells with cycling stability over 600 h and LiFePO_(4) cells with remarkable capacity retention of 96.6% after 800 cycles.This study provides a new avenue for designing ultrathin polymer electrolytes towards stable, safe,and high-energy–density lithium metal batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers:72171086]Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission[grant number:2023SKZD09].
文摘The role of non-financial corporations in systemic financial risk is critical.Using A-share listed companies as the research sample,this paper measures firms’MES(marginal expected shortfall)andΔCoVaR(conditional value at risk),constructs volatility spillover networks to map inter-industry risk transmission,and applies a REWB(random effects between-within model)regression model to identify the drivers of systemic risk.We find that non-financial companies are vulnerable to systemic shocks and can amplify risk propagation to a certain extent.During the sample period,the mining and real estate industries exhibit greater vulnerability and risk contribution.The characteristics of risk spillover across industries vary across different periods.During stock market crashes,the wholesale and retail sector bore the greatest risk from other industries,while the public health and agriculture sectors became the dominant industries in the risk spillover network during the pandemic.Firm-level characteristics significantly affect the systemic risk exposure of non-financial firms,and their effects on firm vulnerability and risk contribution exhibit heterogeneity.Different market environments during the pandemic and stock market crash periods also led to differing risk drivers.These findings underscore the need for policymakers to focus on the role of non-financial firms in risk formation and provide early warnings for inter-industry risk contagion to effectively prevent systemic risks.
文摘The photoreduction of CO_(2)with atmospheric air represents a promising avenue toward the sustainable utilization of CO_(2).Herein,a noble-metal free molecule/semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst has been employed for the first time for converting CO_(2)to CO with 100%selectivity in water and simultaneous photodegradation of tetracycline in the presence of air.The hybrid photocatalyst consists of carbon nitride and a molecular Ni(II)-terpyridine complex,which shows an order of magnitude improvement in CO yield when exposed to a mixed CO_(2)/air atmosphere compared to high-purity CO_(2)conditions.The CO yield is up to 623.3μmol g^(-1),among the highest for CO_(2)photoreduction in the presence of air.Our findings reveal that the simultaneous photodegradation of tetracycline is vital for the enhanced yield of CO in the presence of air.The photodegradation process consumes more photogenerated holes,aided by reactive oxygen species,which further optimizes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs.Consequently,photogenerated electrons in the conduction band migrate more efficiently to the linked Ni(II)-terpyridine moiety,leading to improved CO_(2)photoreduction efficiency.Notably,the presence of air does not inhibit but actually promotes the photoreduction of CO_(2).This study provides a unique strategy in which photocatalytic removal of organic pollutants is integrated with high-performance CO_(2)photoreduction with the aid of air.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department(Y202146152)the Graduate Student Scientific Research and Innovation Project of Ningbo University(IF2023021).
文摘Transition metal coordination polymers are emerging as attractive heterogeneous catalysts for lightdriven CO_(2) reduction.Various coordination polymers have been investigated in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.However,it is challenging to develop robust and non-precious metal-based coordination polymers for CO_(2) reduction.Moreover,photoinduced morphological transformation of a coordination polymer has yet to be unveiled in optimizing photocatalytic performance.Herein,we report a selfassembled Fe(Ⅱ)coordination polymer for high-performance photoreduction of CO_(2) to CO.This coordination polymer undergoes photoinduced morphological transformation from nanoplate to nanosphere during photocatalysis,resulting in uncommon self-enhancing photocatalysis.After five cycles of reaction,CO is generated with a high yield of 180 mmol g^(-1) and selectivity of 99.4% in water-containing media.The apparent quantum yield for CO generation is found to be as high as 11.7%at 420 nm.Detailed photoelectrochemical studies demonstrate that nanospheres of the iron(Ⅱ)coordination polymer show more exposed active sites and more efficient charge separation and transfer,which is responsible for the selfenhancing photocatalysis.This work presents a robust photocatalytic system for CO_(2) reduction and also provides unique insight into the morphological transformation of a coordination polymer-based heterogeneous catalyst in photocatalytic CO_(2) reduction.
