Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we...Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from im-paired insulin secretion or insulin resistance.Diabetes poses a major global health concern,because of...Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from im-paired insulin secretion or insulin resistance.Diabetes poses a major global health concern,because of its increasing prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality.This review explores the relationships between altered fatty acid metabolism and microcirculatory impairments in diabetes.Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in diabetes leads to changes in fatty acid profiles,abnormal lipid accumulation,and increased oxidative stress.These changes contribute to microvascular dysfunction through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction,impaired nitric oxide availability,inflammation,and oxidative damage.Understanding this intricate interplay is essential for identifying novel thera-peutic strategies to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes.By targeting specific pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction,interventions can be developed to improve patient outcomes.This review is aimed at contributing to future research and the development of effective strategies for preventing and managing dia-betes-associated microcirculatory impairments,to ultimately enhance the quality of life for people living with diabetes.展开更多
Due to its impact on cereal yields,vegetation growth,animal wellbeing,and human health,considerable attention has been paid to diurnal temperature range,focusing on the temporal dimension of surface air temperature.Ho...Due to its impact on cereal yields,vegetation growth,animal wellbeing,and human health,considerable attention has been paid to diurnal temperature range,focusing on the temporal dimension of surface air temperature.However,the characteristics of spatial temperature range and its response to climate change remain unclear,despite its importance to various natural and societal activities.Here,we proposed a daily spatial temperature range(DSTR,difference between spatial maximum and minimum temperature,STmax and STmin)indicator to measure the maximum spatial temperature range within a given region over a day.We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of DSTR and its trend under climate change at four scales(global,hemispheric,national,and provincial),with the following main results:(1)DSTR was scale dependent,provincial pattern of which were mainly related to sensible and latent heat fluxes.(2)The key regions affecting DSTR and temporal distribution at different scales were mapped out.(3)Under climate change,DSTR significantly decreased globally,hemispherically,and in several Chinese provinces due to the greater warming of STmin than STmax.The influence of latent heat flux and solar shortwave radiation was larger at global/hemispheric scales,while the albedo was a more critical driver at provincial scale.For the first time,we proposed the DSTR indicator and emphasized the importance of exploring spatial temperature heterogeneity.This spatial information is important to optimize relevant societal activities,and the response of DSTR to climate change has further led to the consideration of the relationship between DSTR and extreme events,biodiversity,etc.展开更多
Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens.Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation,consequently leading to Ca deficiency,has been...Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens.Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation,consequently leading to Ca deficiency,has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying hens.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiotaebone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying hens.Twenty-four 48-week-old laying hens were fed a control diet(Control,3.72%)or a low Ca diet(LC,2.04%)for 60 d(n=12).Compared to the Control hens,the LC hens had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(P<0.05)with lower bone strength,eggshell thickness,and eggshell strength(P<0.05).In addition,the LC hens had higher plasma estradiol concentrations,while having lower concentrations of interleukin-1(IL-1)and IL-6.The LC hens also had a lower pH value in the ileum with an increased Ca retention.The principal co-ordinates analysis showed significantly separate cecal microbiota populations between the Control and LC hens.The Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,Peptococcus,and Eubacterium_hallii_group(P<0.05)were higher,while the CHKC1001 and Sutterella(P<0.05)were lower at the genus level in the LC hens.In addition,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum and Eubacter-ium_hallii_group had a negative correlation,while Sutterella was positively correlated with ileal pH values.The transcriptome analysis revealed that the low Ca diet caused 20 and 31 genes to be signifi-cantly up-and down-regulated,respectively.The gene expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,solute carrier family 26 member 3 of the anion exchangers,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 of pro-inflammatory factors were lower in the LC birds,which was corre-lated with the lower ileal pH values.These results suggest that the hens with low Ca diet-induced osteoporosis have an increased intestinal Ca retention with a decreased ileal pH value,correlated with the changes in Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,and Eubacterium_hallii_group of beneficial genera.The results provide insights for further understanding and preventing osteoporosis in laying hens.展开更多
Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show tha...Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated frms.Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies.Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms.Finally,according to the heterogeneity results,the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms,non-state-owned enterprises,and provinces with stricter enforcement.Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies,and the government should consider these costs when formulatingpolicies.展开更多
基金We are grateful for the funding from STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072066,32172050,3220151460)+2 种基金Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0215)CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202002,CAAS-ZDRW202201)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2021205013).
文摘Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.
基金This study was funded by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81901853)to FYAdditional support was supported by Specially Funded scientific research project of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University(No.HYDSYTB202126)to DWY.
文摘Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from im-paired insulin secretion or insulin resistance.Diabetes poses a major global health concern,because of its increasing prevalence and substantial morbidity and mortality.This review explores the relationships between altered fatty acid metabolism and microcirculatory impairments in diabetes.Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in diabetes leads to changes in fatty acid profiles,abnormal lipid accumulation,and increased oxidative stress.These changes contribute to microvascular dysfunction through mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction,impaired nitric oxide availability,inflammation,and oxidative damage.Understanding this intricate interplay is essential for identifying novel thera-peutic strategies to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes.By targeting specific pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism and microvascular dysfunction,interventions can be developed to improve patient outcomes.This review is aimed at contributing to future research and the development of effective strategies for preventing and managing dia-betes-associated microcirculatory impairments,to ultimately enhance the quality of life for people living with diabetes.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB3907402)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Category B,Geographic Intelligence,Grant No.XDB0740300)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20241691).
文摘Due to its impact on cereal yields,vegetation growth,animal wellbeing,and human health,considerable attention has been paid to diurnal temperature range,focusing on the temporal dimension of surface air temperature.However,the characteristics of spatial temperature range and its response to climate change remain unclear,despite its importance to various natural and societal activities.Here,we proposed a daily spatial temperature range(DSTR,difference between spatial maximum and minimum temperature,STmax and STmin)indicator to measure the maximum spatial temperature range within a given region over a day.We analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of DSTR and its trend under climate change at four scales(global,hemispheric,national,and provincial),with the following main results:(1)DSTR was scale dependent,provincial pattern of which were mainly related to sensible and latent heat fluxes.(2)The key regions affecting DSTR and temporal distribution at different scales were mapped out.(3)Under climate change,DSTR significantly decreased globally,hemispherically,and in several Chinese provinces due to the greater warming of STmin than STmax.The influence of latent heat flux and solar shortwave radiation was larger at global/hemispheric scales,while the albedo was a more critical driver at provincial scale.For the first time,we proposed the DSTR indicator and emphasized the importance of exploring spatial temperature heterogeneity.This spatial information is important to optimize relevant societal activities,and the response of DSTR to climate change has further led to the consideration of the relationship between DSTR and extreme events,biodiversity,etc.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2021jcyj-msmxX0592)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(XDJK2019B013).
文摘Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying hens.Intensive egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation,consequently leading to Ca deficiency,has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying hens.The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiotaebone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying hens.Twenty-four 48-week-old laying hens were fed a control diet(Control,3.72%)or a low Ca diet(LC,2.04%)for 60 d(n=12).Compared to the Control hens,the LC hens had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(P<0.05)with lower bone strength,eggshell thickness,and eggshell strength(P<0.05).In addition,the LC hens had higher plasma estradiol concentrations,while having lower concentrations of interleukin-1(IL-1)and IL-6.The LC hens also had a lower pH value in the ileum with an increased Ca retention.The principal co-ordinates analysis showed significantly separate cecal microbiota populations between the Control and LC hens.The Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,Peptococcus,and Eubacterium_hallii_group(P<0.05)were higher,while the CHKC1001 and Sutterella(P<0.05)were lower at the genus level in the LC hens.In addition,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum and Eubacter-ium_hallii_group had a negative correlation,while Sutterella was positively correlated with ileal pH values.The transcriptome analysis revealed that the low Ca diet caused 20 and 31 genes to be signifi-cantly up-and down-regulated,respectively.The gene expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,solute carrier family 26 member 3 of the anion exchangers,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 of pro-inflammatory factors were lower in the LC birds,which was corre-lated with the lower ileal pH values.These results suggest that the hens with low Ca diet-induced osteoporosis have an increased intestinal Ca retention with a decreased ileal pH value,correlated with the changes in Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,and Eubacterium_hallii_group of beneficial genera.The results provide insights for further understanding and preventing osteoporosis in laying hens.
基金supported by China National Social Science Fund (No. 19BJY008)Humanities and Social ScienceFund Project of Ministry of Education in China (No. 18YJA790055)+1 种基金Graduate Project of Wuhan University(No. 1201-413100137)Undergraduate Education Quality Construction Project of Wuhan University (No.1201-413200294).
文摘Previous studies focus on the direct impacts of environmental regulations while paying less attention to spillover effects.Taking the Eleventh Five-year Plan in China as a quasi-natural experiment,our results show that environmental regulations significantly increase the tax burden of unregulated frms.Environmental regulations generate spillover effects on firms that should not be subjected to regulatory policies.Further channel analysis shows that the fiscal pressure of local governments caused by environmental regulations is a major channel for the increase in the tax burden of unregulated firms.Finally,according to the heterogeneity results,the spillover effects are more pronounced in small firms,non-state-owned enterprises,and provinces with stricter enforcement.Our findings emphasize the additional costs of environmental policies,and the government should consider these costs when formulatingpolicies.
