The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-base...The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa^(-1)in Young’s Module)and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600%strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor)and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa^(-1)below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.展开更多
A gliding arc plasma fuel atomization actuator suitable for aeroengines was designed,and a gliding arc plasma fuel spray experimental platform was built to address the fuel atomization problem in aeroengine combustion...A gliding arc plasma fuel atomization actuator suitable for aeroengines was designed,and a gliding arc plasma fuel spray experimental platform was built to address the fuel atomization problem in aeroengine combustion chambers.The spray characteristics for different airflows,fuel flows,and discharge voltages were analyzed using laser particle size analysis.The research shows that the fuel atomization effect is improved from the increased airflow.The decreased fuel flow not only reduces the injection pressure of the fuel but also changes the discharge mode of the gliding arc,which affects reductions in the discharge power and inhibits fuel atomization.Gliding arc discharges accelerate the breaking,atomization,and evaporation of fuel droplets while reducing the particle size,which increases the proportion of small droplets.Compared with the working conditions of plasma-assisted atomization without the gliding arc,the D0.5,D0.9,and average particle size of the fuel droplets are reduced by 4.7%,6.5%,and 4.1%,respectively,when the modulation voltage of the gliding arc power supply is 200 V.展开更多
Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried ...Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried out.However,the impact of built environment on traffic crash spatiotemporal trends has not received much attention.Moreover,the spatial non-stationarity between the variation trends of traffic crashes and their influencing factors is usually neglected.To make up for the lack of analysis of built environment factors influencing spatiotemporal hotspot trends in traffic crashes,this paper proposed a method of“ST-GWLR”for analyzing the influence of built environment factors on spatiotemporal hotspot trends of traffic crashes by combining the spatiotemporal hotspot trend analysis and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression(GWLR)modeling methods.Firstly,the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends were explored using the space-time cube model,hotspot analysis,and Mann-Kendall trend test.Then,the GWLR was introduced to capture the spatial non-stationarity neglected by the classic Global Logistic Regression(GLR)model,to improve the accuracy of the model estimation.GWLR model is used for the first time to analyze the significant local correlation between the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends and the built environment factors,to accurately and effectively identify the built environment factors that have significant influences on the hotspot trends of traffic crashes.The performance of the GWLR models and GLR models was examined and compared sufficiently.The results showed that the proposed ST-GWLR,which captured spatial non-stationarity,performed better than the classic GLR combined with spatiotemporal analysis,and improved the prediction accuracy of the models by 14.9%,13.9%,and 15.1%,respectively.There were significant local correlations between intensifying hotspots and persistent hotspots of traffic crashes and the built environment factors.The findings of this paper have positive implications for traffic safety management and urban built environment planning.展开更多
To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermores...To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid)hydrogel is prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesized method.Benefitting from the electrostatic interaction between lignin and ionic liquid,the hydrogel displays high stretchability(over 1425%),excellent toughness(over 132 kPa),and impressive stress loading-unloading cyclic stability.The hydrogel strain sensor presents excellent electromechanical performance with a high gauge factor(1.37)and rapid response rate(198 ms),which lays the foundation for human body movement detection and smart input.Moreover,owing to the thermal-sensitive feature of poly(ionic liquid),the as-prepared hydrogel displays remarkable thermal response sensitivity(0.217℃^(-1))in body temperature range and low limit of detection,which can be applied as a body shell temperature indicator.Particularly,the hydrogel can detect dual stimuli of strain and temperature and identify each signal individually,showing the specific application in human-machine interaction and artificial intelligence.By integrating the hydrogel strain sensor into a wireless sensation system,remote motion capture and gesture identification is realized in real-time.展开更多
To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperatur...To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperature-ultrasensitive hydrogel sensor was prepared by combining MXene and quaternized chitosan(QCS)with the binary polymer chain.The strong electrostatic interaction between the QCS chain and the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)network endows the hydrogel stability against solvent erosion,high temperature,and high humidity.The strong dynamic interaction between MXene and polymer matrix significantly improves the mechanical properties and sensing(strain and temperature)sensitivity of the hydrogel.The hydrogel strain sensor exhibits a high gauge factor(5.53),temperature/humidity tolerance(equilibrium swelling ratio of 2.5%at 80℃),and excellent cycle stability,which could achieve a remote and accurate perception of complex human motion and environment fluctuation under aquatic conditions.Moreover,the hydrogel sensor exhibits impressive thermal response sensitivity(-3.183%/℃),ultrashort response time(<2.53 s),and a low detection limit(<0.5℃)in a wide temperature range,which is applied as an indicator of the body surface and ambient temperature.In short,this study broadens the application scenarios of hydrogels in persistent extreme thermal and wet environments.展开更多
To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermores...To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid)hydrogel is prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesized method.Benefitting from the electrostatic interaction between lignin and ionic liquid,the hydrogel displays high stretchability(over 1425%),excellent toughness(over 132 kPa),and impressive stress loading-unloading cyclic stability.The hydrogel strain sensor presents excellent electromechanical performance with a high gauge factor(1.37)and rapid response rate(198 ms),which lays the foundation for human body movement detection and smart input.Moreover,owing to the thermal-sensitive feature of poly(ionic liquid),the as-prepared hydrogel displays remarkable thermal response sensitivity(0.217℃^(-1))in body temperature range and low limit of detection,which can be applied as a body shell temperature indicator.Particularly,the hydrogel can detect dual stimuli of strain and temperature and identify each signal individually,showing the specific application in human-machine interaction and artificial intelligence.By integrating the hydrogel strain sensor into a wireless sensation system,remote motion capture and gesture identification is realized in real-time.展开更多
Flexible touch panels are becoming increasingly vital in the evolution of human-machine interfaces,intelligent robotics,and wearable technology.Conductive hydrogels,with their unique combination of flexibility,transpa...Flexible touch panels are becoming increasingly vital in the evolution of human-machine interfaces,intelligent robotics,and wearable technology.Conductive hydrogels,with their unique combination of flexibility,transparency,and biocompatibility,are emerging as essential components for next-generation flexible touch panels.Various conductive hydrogel systems based on polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol,polyacrylamide,and polyacrylic acid have been developed,enabling diverse device structures like sandwich,array,and woven configurations.This review offers a comprehensive overview of hydrogel-based flexible touch panels,focusing on their distinctive properties,diverse working principles,and wide-ranging applications.It explores the integration of conductive hydrogels in various mechanisms,including capacitive,resistive,and triboelectric touch panels,emphasizing their role in enhancing device functionality.Additionally,the review addresses critical challenges,such as material stability,durability,and sensitivity,while providing insights into potential innovations and future research directions.By covering both current developments and emerging trends,this review aims to advance the understanding and evolution of this rapidly growing field.展开更多
Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requir...Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors.Herein,highly stretchable,sensitive,and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene-(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-)composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.The uniformly distributed hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional conductive network throughout the hydrogel,endowing the flexible sensor with high sensitivity.The strong interaction between the double-network hydrogel matrix and MXene greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The resulting nanocomposited hydrogels featured great tensile performance(2400%),toughness,and resilience.Particularly,the as-prepared flexible pressure sensor revealed ultrahigh sensitivity(10.75 kPa^(-1))with a wide response range(0-61.5 kPa),fast response(33.5 ms),and low limit of detection(0.87 Pa).Moreover,the hydrogel-based flexible sensors,with high sensitivity and durability,could be employed to monitor fullrange human motions and assembled into some aligned devices for subtle pressure detection,providing enormous potential in facial expression and phonation recognition,handwriting verification,healthy diagnosis,and wearable electronics.展开更多
Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in p...Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in practical applications for water loss,physical damage,and ambient interferences.It remains a challenge to manufacture highly durable gel-based E-skins.Herein,an E-Skin is fabricated by introducing ionic liquids(ILs)into MXene-composited binary polymer network.The obtained ionic gel shows excellent mechanical properties,strong adhesion,and superior tolerance to harsh environments.The E-skin exhibits high sensitivity to both strain and pressure in a wide range of deformations,which enables a monitoring function for various human motions and physiological activities.Importantly,the E-skin shows consistent electrical response after being stored in the open air for 30 days and can be quickly healed by irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light,originating from the photo-thermal effect induced self-healing acceleration.It is noteworthy that the E-skin also reveals a highly sensitive perception of temperature and near-infrared light,displaying the promising potential applications in the multifunctional flexible sensor.展开更多
Smart flexible electronics with underwater motion detection have become a promising research aspect in intelligent perception.Inspired by the strong adaptability of marine creatures to complex underwater environments,...Smart flexible electronics with underwater motion detection have become a promising research aspect in intelligent perception.Inspired by the strong adaptability of marine creatures to complex underwater environments,conventional biocompatible hydrogels are worth developing into organogels with preferred underwater adhesive properties,hydrophobic and antiswelling performance,and motion perception ability.Herein,a highly sensitive organogel sensor exhibiting good hydrophobicity,electromechanical properties,and adhesion properties was prepared for underwater utilization by regulating the chemical components and internal interactions.The synergistic effect of massive reversible noncovalent bonds ensures the organogel’s excellent underwater adhesion to multifarious substrates.Meanwhile,the interactions of hydrophobic conductive fillers and the dynamic hydrophobic associations in the organogel endow it with satisfactory hydrophobic performance(contact angle of111.8°)and antiswelling property(equilibrium swelling ratio of-31%after 15-day immersion).The fabricated flexible organogel strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor of1.96),ultrafast response rate(79.1 ms),low limit of detection(0.45 Pa),and excellent cyclic stability(1044 tensile cycles followed by 3981 compressive cycles).Results demonstrate the proposed organogel’s precise perception of sophisticated human motions in air and underwater,which expands its application scenarios.展开更多
With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein...With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.展开更多
Background Cervical cancer(CC)is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide.Although immunotherapy has been applied in clinical practice,its therapeutic efficacy remains far from satisfactory,necessitating furth...Background Cervical cancer(CC)is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide.Although immunotherapy has been applied in clinical practice,its therapeutic efficacy remains far from satisfactory,necessitating further investigation of the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and exploration of novel treatment targets.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and explore potential therapeutic targets.Methods We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a total of 17 clinical specimens,including normal cervical tissues,high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions,and CC tissues.To validate our findings,we conducted multicolor immunohistochemical staining of CC tissues and constructed a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in C57BL/6 mice using murine CC cell lines(TC1)to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy involving indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).We used the unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test,Mann-Whitney test,or Kruskal-Wallis test to compare continuous data between two groups and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test to compare data between multiple groups.Results Malignant cervical epithelial cells did not manifest noticeable signs of tumor escape,whereas lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3-positive(LAMP3^(+))dendritic cells(DCs)in a mature state with immunoregulatory roles were found to express IDO1 and affect tryptophan metabolism.These cells interacted with both tumor-reactive exhausted CD8^(+)T cells and CD4^(+) regulatory T cells,synergistically forming a vicious immunosuppressive cycle and mediating CC immune escape.Further validation through multicolor immunohistochemical staining showed co-localization of neoantigen-reactive T cells(CD3^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),and PD-1^(+))and LAMP3+DCs(CD80^(+) and PD-L1^(+)).Additionally,a combination of the IDO1 inhibitor with an ICB agent significantly reduced tumor volume in the mouse model of CC compared with an ICB agent alone.Conclusions Our study suggested that a combination treatment consisting of targeting IDO1 and ICB agent could improve the therapeutic efficacy of current CC immunotherapies.Additionally,our results provided crucial insights for designing drugs and conducting future clinical trials for CC.展开更多
Objectives:Gastric-type adenocarcinoma(GAS),an aggressive subtype of non-human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated(NH-PVA)cervical adenocarcinomas(ADC),remains a treatment-refractory disease with poor prognosis.This study ...Objectives:Gastric-type adenocarcinoma(GAS),an aggressive subtype of non-human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated(NH-PVA)cervical adenocarcinomas(ADC),remains a treatment-refractory disease with poor prognosis.This study aims to explore the oncogenic mechanism and efficacious therapeutic target of GAS.Methods:We included 19 NHPVA and 153 HPVA ADC patients from our center to investigate clinicopathological features.We collected 3 GAS and 2 usual-type endocervical adenocarcinomas(UEA)for single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor se-quencing.We conducted immunohistochemical staining of 25 GAS and 25 UEA samples and multicolor immunohistochemical staining of 2 GAS samples for validation.We explored the efficacy of anti-clusterin(OGX-011)and/or cisplatin(DDP)for GAS based on GAS-derived tumoroids.Results:Based on clinical data,we clinicopathologically verified the malignancy of GAS.Through single-cell RNA sequencing,we delineated key cell subtypes including GAS epithelial cells,“GAS-enriched fibroblasts”,“GAS-associatedγδT cells”,and CD8+exhausted T cells enduring heat stress and contributing to GAS aggressive phenotype.Regarding validation,we verified clusterin(CLU)-associated heat stress,highlighted the potential role of CLU-associated stress in promoting immune escape,and established a four-gene signature(CLU,PDGFB,TIGIT,and C3)indicating poor prognosis of GAS induced by CLU-associated stress and immune escape.Based on GAS-derived tumoroids retaining the histological features,CLU-associated stress,and genetic profile of parental tumor,we validated the anti-tumor and sensitizing DDP efficacy of targeting CLU.Conclusion:CLU-associated heat stress of key cell subtypes contributed to the malignant GAS microenvironment.Additionally,we pioneeringly constructed GAS-derived tumoroids and suggested that combining CLU-targeted treatment and DDP could improve the therapeutic efficacy for GAS.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775095)six talent peak innovation team in Jiangsu Province(No.TD-SWYY-009)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province。
文摘The flourishing development in flexible electronics has provoked intensive research in flexible strain sensors to realize accurate perception acquisition under different external stimuli.However,building hydrogel-based strain sensors with high stretchability and sensitivity remains a great challenge.Herein,MXene nanosheets were composited into polyacrylamide-sodium alginate matrix to construct mechanical robust and sensitive double networked hydrogel strain sensor.The hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed strong interactions with the polymer matrix and endowed the hydrogel with excellent tensile properties(3150%),compliant mechanical strength(2.03 kPa^(-1)in Young’s Module)and long-lasting stability and fatigue resistance(1000 dynamic cycles under 1,600%strain).Due to the highly oriented MXene-based three dimensional conductive networks,the hydrogel sensor achieved extremely high tensile sensitivity(18.15 in gauge factor)and compression sensitivity(0.38 kPa^(-1)below 3 kPa).MXene hydrogel-based strain sensors also displayed negligible hysteresis in electromechanical performance,typical frequent-independent feature and rapid response time to external stimuli.Moreover,the sensor exhibited accurate response to different scales of human movements,providing potential application in speech recognition,expression recognition and handwriting verification.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91741112 and 52276142)。
文摘A gliding arc plasma fuel atomization actuator suitable for aeroengines was designed,and a gliding arc plasma fuel spray experimental platform was built to address the fuel atomization problem in aeroengine combustion chambers.The spray characteristics for different airflows,fuel flows,and discharge voltages were analyzed using laser particle size analysis.The research shows that the fuel atomization effect is improved from the increased airflow.The decreased fuel flow not only reduces the injection pressure of the fuel but also changes the discharge mode of the gliding arc,which affects reductions in the discharge power and inhibits fuel atomization.Gliding arc discharges accelerate the breaking,atomization,and evaporation of fuel droplets while reducing the particle size,which increases the proportion of small droplets.Compared with the working conditions of plasma-assisted atomization without the gliding arc,the D0.5,D0.9,and average particle size of the fuel droplets are reduced by 4.7%,6.5%,and 4.1%,respectively,when the modulation voltage of the gliding arc power supply is 200 V.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 42101449,42090012 and 61825103]the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China[grant numbers 2022CFB773 and 2020CFA001]+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province,China[grant number 2022BAA048]the Chutian Scholar Program of Hubei Provincethe Yellow Crane Talent Scheme.
文摘Road traffic crashes are becoming thorny issues being faced worldwide.Traffic crashes are spatiotemporal events and the research on the spatiotemporal patterns and variation trends of traffic crashes has been carried out.However,the impact of built environment on traffic crash spatiotemporal trends has not received much attention.Moreover,the spatial non-stationarity between the variation trends of traffic crashes and their influencing factors is usually neglected.To make up for the lack of analysis of built environment factors influencing spatiotemporal hotspot trends in traffic crashes,this paper proposed a method of“ST-GWLR”for analyzing the influence of built environment factors on spatiotemporal hotspot trends of traffic crashes by combining the spatiotemporal hotspot trend analysis and Geographically Weighted Logistic Regression(GWLR)modeling methods.Firstly,the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends were explored using the space-time cube model,hotspot analysis,and Mann-Kendall trend test.Then,the GWLR was introduced to capture the spatial non-stationarity neglected by the classic Global Logistic Regression(GLR)model,to improve the accuracy of the model estimation.GWLR model is used for the first time to analyze the significant local correlation between the traffic crash spatiotemporal hotspot trends and the built environment factors,to accurately and effectively identify the built environment factors that have significant influences on the hotspot trends of traffic crashes.The performance of the GWLR models and GLR models was examined and compared sufficiently.The results showed that the proposed ST-GWLR,which captured spatial non-stationarity,performed better than the classic GLR combined with spatiotemporal analysis,and improved the prediction accuracy of the models by 14.9%,13.9%,and 15.1%,respectively.There were significant local correlations between intensifying hotspots and persistent hotspots of traffic crashes and the built environment factors.The findings of this paper have positive implications for traffic safety management and urban built environment planning.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Policy Guidance Plan(BZ2019014)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid)hydrogel is prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesized method.Benefitting from the electrostatic interaction between lignin and ionic liquid,the hydrogel displays high stretchability(over 1425%),excellent toughness(over 132 kPa),and impressive stress loading-unloading cyclic stability.The hydrogel strain sensor presents excellent electromechanical performance with a high gauge factor(1.37)and rapid response rate(198 ms),which lays the foundation for human body movement detection and smart input.Moreover,owing to the thermal-sensitive feature of poly(ionic liquid),the as-prepared hydrogel displays remarkable thermal response sensitivity(0.217℃^(-1))in body temperature range and low limit of detection,which can be applied as a body shell temperature indicator.Particularly,the hydrogel can detect dual stimuli of strain and temperature and identify each signal individually,showing the specific application in human-machine interaction and artificial intelligence.By integrating the hydrogel strain sensor into a wireless sensation system,remote motion capture and gesture identification is realized in real-time.
基金The work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province。
文摘To realize continuously and stably work in a“moist/hot environment”,flexible electronics with excellent humid resistance,antiswelling,and detection sensitivity are demanding.Herein,a solvent-resistant and temperature-ultrasensitive hydrogel sensor was prepared by combining MXene and quaternized chitosan(QCS)with the binary polymer chain.The strong electrostatic interaction between the QCS chain and the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)network endows the hydrogel stability against solvent erosion,high temperature,and high humidity.The strong dynamic interaction between MXene and polymer matrix significantly improves the mechanical properties and sensing(strain and temperature)sensitivity of the hydrogel.The hydrogel strain sensor exhibits a high gauge factor(5.53),temperature/humidity tolerance(equilibrium swelling ratio of 2.5%at 80℃),and excellent cycle stability,which could achieve a remote and accurate perception of complex human motion and environment fluctuation under aquatic conditions.Moreover,the hydrogel sensor exhibits impressive thermal response sensitivity(-3.183%/℃),ultrashort response time(<2.53 s),and a low detection limit(<0.5℃)in a wide temperature range,which is applied as an indicator of the body surface and ambient temperature.In short,this study broadens the application scenarios of hydrogels in persistent extreme thermal and wet environments.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Province Policy Guidance Plan(BZ2019014)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘To meet critical requirements on flexible electronic devices,multifunctionalized flexible sensors with excellent electromechanical performance and temperature perception are required.Herein,lignin-reinforced thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid)hydrogel is prepared through an ultrasound-assisted synthesized method.Benefitting from the electrostatic interaction between lignin and ionic liquid,the hydrogel displays high stretchability(over 1425%),excellent toughness(over 132 kPa),and impressive stress loading-unloading cyclic stability.The hydrogel strain sensor presents excellent electromechanical performance with a high gauge factor(1.37)and rapid response rate(198 ms),which lays the foundation for human body movement detection and smart input.Moreover,owing to the thermal-sensitive feature of poly(ionic liquid),the as-prepared hydrogel displays remarkable thermal response sensitivity(0.217℃^(-1))in body temperature range and low limit of detection,which can be applied as a body shell temperature indicator.Particularly,the hydrogel can detect dual stimuli of strain and temperature and identify each signal individually,showing the specific application in human-machine interaction and artificial intelligence.By integrating the hydrogel strain sensor into a wireless sensation system,remote motion capture and gesture identification is realized in real-time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174085)Jiangsu Specially-Appointed Professors Program,the Jiangsu Graduate Research and Practice Innovation Program(No.SJCX22_0363)the Foreign Experts Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.QN20200214001).
文摘Flexible touch panels are becoming increasingly vital in the evolution of human-machine interfaces,intelligent robotics,and wearable technology.Conductive hydrogels,with their unique combination of flexibility,transparency,and biocompatibility,are emerging as essential components for next-generation flexible touch panels.Various conductive hydrogel systems based on polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol,polyacrylamide,and polyacrylic acid have been developed,enabling diverse device structures like sandwich,array,and woven configurations.This review offers a comprehensive overview of hydrogel-based flexible touch panels,focusing on their distinctive properties,diverse working principles,and wide-ranging applications.It explores the integration of conductive hydrogels in various mechanisms,including capacitive,resistive,and triboelectric touch panels,emphasizing their role in enhancing device functionality.Additionally,the review addresses critical challenges,such as material stability,durability,and sensitivity,while providing insights into potential innovations and future research directions.By covering both current developments and emerging trends,this review aims to advance the understanding and evolution of this rapidly growing field.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61775095)the Six Talent Peak Innovation Team in Jiangsu Province(TD-SWYY-009)‘Taishan Scholars’Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province.
文摘Electronic skin is driving the next generation of cutting-edge wearable electronic products due to its good wearability and high accuracy of information acquisition.However,it remains a challenge to fulfill the requirements on detecting full-range human activities with existing flexible strain sensors.Herein,highly stretchable,sensitive,and multifunctional flexible strain sensors based on MXene-(Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-)composited poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyvinyl pyrrolidone double-network hydrogels were prepared.The uniformly distributed hydrophilic MXene nanosheets formed a three-dimensional conductive network throughout the hydrogel,endowing the flexible sensor with high sensitivity.The strong interaction between the double-network hydrogel matrix and MXene greatly improved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels.The resulting nanocomposited hydrogels featured great tensile performance(2400%),toughness,and resilience.Particularly,the as-prepared flexible pressure sensor revealed ultrahigh sensitivity(10.75 kPa^(-1))with a wide response range(0-61.5 kPa),fast response(33.5 ms),and low limit of detection(0.87 Pa).Moreover,the hydrogel-based flexible sensors,with high sensitivity and durability,could be employed to monitor fullrange human motions and assembled into some aligned devices for subtle pressure detection,providing enormous potential in facial expression and phonation recognition,handwriting verification,healthy diagnosis,and wearable electronics.
基金The work was supported by Jiangsu Province Policy Guidance Plan(No.BZ2019014),NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20190688)NSF of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.21KJB430039)‘Taishan scholars'construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘Hydrogel is a potential matrix material of electronic-skins(E-skins)because of its excellent ductility,tunability,and biocompatibility.However,hydrogel-based E-Skins will inevitably lose their sensing performance in practical applications for water loss,physical damage,and ambient interferences.It remains a challenge to manufacture highly durable gel-based E-skins.Herein,an E-Skin is fabricated by introducing ionic liquids(ILs)into MXene-composited binary polymer network.The obtained ionic gel shows excellent mechanical properties,strong adhesion,and superior tolerance to harsh environments.The E-skin exhibits high sensitivity to both strain and pressure in a wide range of deformations,which enables a monitoring function for various human motions and physiological activities.Importantly,the E-skin shows consistent electrical response after being stored in the open air for 30 days and can be quickly healed by irradiation with 808 nm near-infrared light,originating from the photo-thermal effect induced self-healing acceleration.It is noteworthy that the E-skin also reveals a highly sensitive perception of temperature and near-infrared light,displaying the promising potential applications in the multifunctional flexible sensor.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190688)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(21KJB430039)Taishan Scholar Construction Special Fund of Shandong Province。
文摘Smart flexible electronics with underwater motion detection have become a promising research aspect in intelligent perception.Inspired by the strong adaptability of marine creatures to complex underwater environments,conventional biocompatible hydrogels are worth developing into organogels with preferred underwater adhesive properties,hydrophobic and antiswelling performance,and motion perception ability.Herein,a highly sensitive organogel sensor exhibiting good hydrophobicity,electromechanical properties,and adhesion properties was prepared for underwater utilization by regulating the chemical components and internal interactions.The synergistic effect of massive reversible noncovalent bonds ensures the organogel’s excellent underwater adhesion to multifarious substrates.Meanwhile,the interactions of hydrophobic conductive fillers and the dynamic hydrophobic associations in the organogel endow it with satisfactory hydrophobic performance(contact angle of111.8°)and antiswelling property(equilibrium swelling ratio of-31%after 15-day immersion).The fabricated flexible organogel strain sensor exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor of1.96),ultrafast response rate(79.1 ms),low limit of detection(0.45 Pa),and excellent cyclic stability(1044 tensile cycles followed by 3981 compressive cycles).Results demonstrate the proposed organogel’s precise perception of sophisticated human motions in air and underwater,which expands its application scenarios.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775089)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020KB018)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.
基金supported by funding from Medical Innovation Research of Shanghai Science and Technology(21Y11906900 and 22Y3190050)Shanghai Hospital Development Center(SHDC2020CR1045B,SHDC2020CR6009,SHDC2020CR4087,and SHDC22021307)+2 种基金Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(202040498)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971361 and 82173188)Program for Zhuoxue of Fudan University(JIF157600).
文摘Background Cervical cancer(CC)is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide.Although immunotherapy has been applied in clinical practice,its therapeutic efficacy remains far from satisfactory,necessitating further investigation of the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and exploration of novel treatment targets.This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of CC immune remodeling and explore potential therapeutic targets.Methods We conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a total of 17 clinical specimens,including normal cervical tissues,high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions,and CC tissues.To validate our findings,we conducted multicolor immunohistochemical staining of CC tissues and constructed a subcutaneous tumorigenesis model in C57BL/6 mice using murine CC cell lines(TC1)to evaluate the effectiveness of combination therapy involving indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1)inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).We used the unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test,Mann-Whitney test,or Kruskal-Wallis test to compare continuous data between two groups and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test to compare data between multiple groups.Results Malignant cervical epithelial cells did not manifest noticeable signs of tumor escape,whereas lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3-positive(LAMP3^(+))dendritic cells(DCs)in a mature state with immunoregulatory roles were found to express IDO1 and affect tryptophan metabolism.These cells interacted with both tumor-reactive exhausted CD8^(+)T cells and CD4^(+) regulatory T cells,synergistically forming a vicious immunosuppressive cycle and mediating CC immune escape.Further validation through multicolor immunohistochemical staining showed co-localization of neoantigen-reactive T cells(CD3^(+),CD4^(+)/CD8^(+),and PD-1^(+))and LAMP3+DCs(CD80^(+) and PD-L1^(+)).Additionally,a combination of the IDO1 inhibitor with an ICB agent significantly reduced tumor volume in the mouse model of CC compared with an ICB agent alone.Conclusions Our study suggested that a combination treatment consisting of targeting IDO1 and ICB agent could improve the therapeutic efficacy of current CC immunotherapies.Additionally,our results provided crucial insights for designing drugs and conducting future clinical trials for CC.
基金supported by funding from Medical Innova-tion Research of Shanghai Science and Technology(grant No.22Y31900500 to K.H.and grant No.21Y11906900 to J.Q.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.82173188 to K.H.and grant No.82472993 to J.Q.)+1 种基金Shanghai Municipal Hospital De-velopment Center(grant No.SHDC22021307 to K.H.)Shang-hai Municipal Health Commission(grant No.202040498 to J.Q.)。
文摘Objectives:Gastric-type adenocarcinoma(GAS),an aggressive subtype of non-human papillomavirus(HPV)-associated(NH-PVA)cervical adenocarcinomas(ADC),remains a treatment-refractory disease with poor prognosis.This study aims to explore the oncogenic mechanism and efficacious therapeutic target of GAS.Methods:We included 19 NHPVA and 153 HPVA ADC patients from our center to investigate clinicopathological features.We collected 3 GAS and 2 usual-type endocervical adenocarcinomas(UEA)for single-cell RNA sequencing and T-cell receptor se-quencing.We conducted immunohistochemical staining of 25 GAS and 25 UEA samples and multicolor immunohistochemical staining of 2 GAS samples for validation.We explored the efficacy of anti-clusterin(OGX-011)and/or cisplatin(DDP)for GAS based on GAS-derived tumoroids.Results:Based on clinical data,we clinicopathologically verified the malignancy of GAS.Through single-cell RNA sequencing,we delineated key cell subtypes including GAS epithelial cells,“GAS-enriched fibroblasts”,“GAS-associatedγδT cells”,and CD8+exhausted T cells enduring heat stress and contributing to GAS aggressive phenotype.Regarding validation,we verified clusterin(CLU)-associated heat stress,highlighted the potential role of CLU-associated stress in promoting immune escape,and established a four-gene signature(CLU,PDGFB,TIGIT,and C3)indicating poor prognosis of GAS induced by CLU-associated stress and immune escape.Based on GAS-derived tumoroids retaining the histological features,CLU-associated stress,and genetic profile of parental tumor,we validated the anti-tumor and sensitizing DDP efficacy of targeting CLU.Conclusion:CLU-associated heat stress of key cell subtypes contributed to the malignant GAS microenvironment.Additionally,we pioneeringly constructed GAS-derived tumoroids and suggested that combining CLU-targeted treatment and DDP could improve the therapeutic efficacy for GAS.
