In this work,silicon-carbon hybrid materials were adopted as an example to illustrate the novel strategy to in situ construct heterostructure with adjustable microstructure.Based on the temperature-dependent thermodyn...In this work,silicon-carbon hybrid materials were adopted as an example to illustrate the novel strategy to in situ construct heterostructure with adjustable microstructure.Based on the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and kinetics of reaction between Si and C,the processes for Si nanocrystals growth and C decoration were coupled at different zones of plasma flame according to its temperature and velocity fields by theoretical modeling,aiming to intentionally suppress the formation of undesirable carbide,and enable adjusting the microstructure of each counterpart separately in transient process.As a result,well-controlled Si/C nanocomposites,including nanospheres and nanowires with core-shell structures,were achieved,and this continuous and in-flight route is also potential for large-scale production.Further investigation on the electrochemical properties highlights the advantage of as proposed strategy to efficiently construct heterostructures with superior performance for various applications.展开更多
In this work,accelerated sintering of Y_(2)O_(3)dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy with a well-regulated structure was achieved by a novel dissolution-precipitation strategy.As indicated,yttrium oxide was firstly ...In this work,accelerated sintering of Y_(2)O_(3)dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy with a well-regulated structure was achieved by a novel dissolution-precipitation strategy.As indicated,yttrium oxide was firstly dissolved into the lattices of W powder precursor during the thermal plasma synthesis process in a one-step and ultra-fast way,and then homogeneously precipitated out within W grains during sintering.The theoretical calculation reveals that the formation process of Y_(2)O_(3)dispersoids enhanced the driving force of densification by increasing the sintering stress and declining the macroscopic viscosity,resulting in improved diffusion ability for the W skeleton.The microstructural investigation further confirmed the occurrence of mass inter-diffusion at the W-Y_(2)O_(3)interface,which provides a fast diffusion pathway for W atoms,and is responsible for the accelerated densification kinetics.Being sintered at 1600℃ for 1 h,the as-obtained alloy possesses a high relative density of 98.26%,together with a refined grain size of 970 nm for W and 50 nm for intragranular Y_(2)O_(3),respectively.展开更多
Evaluation of calligraphic copy is the core of Chinese calligraphy appreciation and in-heritance.However,previous aesthetic evaluation studies often focussed on photos and paintings,with few attempts on Chinese callig...Evaluation of calligraphic copy is the core of Chinese calligraphy appreciation and in-heritance.However,previous aesthetic evaluation studies often focussed on photos and paintings,with few attempts on Chinese calligraphy.To solve this problem,a Siamese regression aesthetic fusion method is proposed,named SRAFE,for Chinese calligraphy based on the combination of calligraphy aesthetics and deep learning.First,a dataset termed Evaluated Chinese Calligraphy Copies(E3C)is constructed for aesthetic evalu-ation.Second,12 hand‐crafted aesthetic features based on the shape,structure,and stroke of calligraphy are designed.Then,the Siamese regression network(SRN)is designed to extract the deep aesthetic representation of calligraphy.Finally,the SRAFE method is built by fusing the deep aesthetic features with the hand‐crafted aesthetic features.Experimental results show that scores given by SRAFE are similar to the aesthetic evaluation label of E3C,proving the effectiveness of the authors’method.展开更多
Dear Editor,Rab7A(Ras-related protein Rab-7a),a member of the Rab family of small GTPases,has been demonstrated to be a crucial regulator of mammalian autophagic and endosomal pathways(Gutierrez et al.,2004;Yamano et ...Dear Editor,Rab7A(Ras-related protein Rab-7a),a member of the Rab family of small GTPases,has been demonstrated to be a crucial regulator of mammalian autophagic and endosomal pathways(Gutierrez et al.,2004;Yamano et al.,2018).During mammalian autophagy,Rab7A can facilitate the maturation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes through its interactions with relevant regulatory proteins and binding partners(Chua et al.,2011;Gutierrez et al.,2004;Stroupe,2018;Vaites et al.,2018).Particularly,the GDP(guanosine-5'-diphosphate)-bound inactive Rab7A is reported to be recruited to autophagosomes by its GEF(guanine nucleotide exchange factor)protein,the MON1/CCZ1/C18orf8 complex(Fig.1A),which can specifically convert Rab7A to its GTP(guanosine-5'-triphosphate)-bound active state(Nordmann et al.,2010).The precise spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of Rab7A is critical for proper autophagic flux in mammals.Recently,two Cryo-EM(cryo-electron microscopy)structures of the Mon1/Ccz1/Bulli complex from Drosophila were reported(Herrmann et al.,2023;Yong et al.,2023).However,due to the lack of complex structures,how the mammalian MON1(monensin sensitivity 1)/CCZ1(calcium caffeine zinc sensitivity 1)/C18orf8(chromosome 18 open reading frame 8)complex specifically recognizes the GDP-bound inactive Rab7A and achieves its specific GEF activity for Rab7A remains unclear.展开更多
of main observation and conclusion The active Ras subfamily GTPases,R apl and Ras,can be specifically recognized by the SPN domain of SHANK3,mutations of which are associated with many neuropsychiatric diseases such a...of main observation and conclusion The active Ras subfamily GTPases,R apl and Ras,can be specifically recognized by the SPN domain of SHANK3,mutations of which are associated with many neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD).However,the mechanistic bases underlying the interactions of SHANK3 SPN and those Ras subfamily proteins are still elusive.Here,we reported the crystal structures of SHANK3 SPN in complex with the GTP-bound Raplb and the Ras-mimetic Raplb E30D/K31E double mutant.In addition to uncovering the detailed molecular mechanism governing the specific interactions of SHANK3 SPN with those Ras subfamily proteins,the determined structures also reveal a general binding mode between SHANK3 SPN and its associated Ras subfamily proteins.Finally,our study also provides mechanistic insights into two ASD-causing R12C and L68P mutations found in the SPN domain of SHANK3,and expands our understanding of the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases caused by defective SHANK3.展开更多
Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIPK1)functions as a key regulator in inflammation and cell death and is involved in mediating a variety of inflammatory or degenerative diseases.A number of allo...Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIPK1)functions as a key regulator in inflammation and cell death and is involved in mediating a variety of inflammatory or degenerative diseases.A number of allosteric RIPK1 inhibitors(RIPK1i)have been developed,and some of them have already advanced into clinical evaluation.Recently,selective RIPK1i that interact with both the allosteric pocket and the ATP-binding site of RIPK1 have started to emerge.Here,we report the rational development of a new series of type-II RIPK1i based on the rediscovery of a reported but mechanistically atypical RIPK3i.We also describe the structure-guided lead optimization of a potent,selective,and orally bioavailable RIPK1i,62,which exhibits extraordinary efficacies in mouse models of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases.Collectively,62 provides a useful tool for evaluating RIPK1 in animal disease models and a promising lead for further drug development.展开更多
A solar steam evaporator provides a sustainable and efficient alternative water purification solution to address the global freshwater shortage.Previous efforts have made significant advances in maximizing its water e...A solar steam evaporator provides a sustainable and efficient alternative water purification solution to address the global freshwater shortage.Previous efforts have made significant advances in maximizing its water evaporation rate,but no single evaporator has all the properties necessary for practical point-of-use application,including a high efficiency for generation of drinkable water,an excellent portability critical for on-site water purification,good washability for mitigating evaporator fouling,and good reusability.We report a strategy to produce a high-performance photothermal material for point-of-use water purification.By simultaneously incorporating graphene and gold particles grown from recycled electronic waste in a mechanically strong sponge,we achieved highly efficient water purification under realistic conditions.In addition to a high evaporation rate(3.55 kg/m^(2)/h under one-sun irradiation)attributed to a control of atomic structure of graphene and the size-dependent surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles,it is portable which can be folded,vacuum compacted,dried and rehydrated without compromising performance.It also allows repeated washing to remove contaminant fouling so that it can be reused.The evaporator transforms various types of contaminated water into drinkable clean water,and can be mounted at any angle to optimize the incident solar irradiation.Furthermore,the assembled steam evaporator device could gain purified water meeting the World Health Organization drinking water standards with a high evaporation rate of 9.36 kg/m^(2)/h under outdoor sunlight.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174342)Beijing Natural Sci-ence Foundation(No.2232044)Beijing Municipal Education Commission Research Plan General Project(No.KM202410005009).
文摘In this work,silicon-carbon hybrid materials were adopted as an example to illustrate the novel strategy to in situ construct heterostructure with adjustable microstructure.Based on the temperature-dependent thermodynamics and kinetics of reaction between Si and C,the processes for Si nanocrystals growth and C decoration were coupled at different zones of plasma flame according to its temperature and velocity fields by theoretical modeling,aiming to intentionally suppress the formation of undesirable carbide,and enable adjusting the microstructure of each counterpart separately in transient process.As a result,well-controlled Si/C nanocomposites,including nanospheres and nanowires with core-shell structures,were achieved,and this continuous and in-flight route is also potential for large-scale production.Further investigation on the electrochemical properties highlights the advantage of as proposed strategy to efficiently construct heterostructures with superior performance for various applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130407,52174342)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2232044).
文摘In this work,accelerated sintering of Y_(2)O_(3)dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy with a well-regulated structure was achieved by a novel dissolution-precipitation strategy.As indicated,yttrium oxide was firstly dissolved into the lattices of W powder precursor during the thermal plasma synthesis process in a one-step and ultra-fast way,and then homogeneously precipitated out within W grains during sintering.The theoretical calculation reveals that the formation process of Y_(2)O_(3)dispersoids enhanced the driving force of densification by increasing the sintering stress and declining the macroscopic viscosity,resulting in improved diffusion ability for the W skeleton.The microstructural investigation further confirmed the occurrence of mass inter-diffusion at the W-Y_(2)O_(3)interface,which provides a fast diffusion pathway for W atoms,and is responsible for the accelerated densification kinetics.Being sintered at 1600℃ for 1 h,the as-obtained alloy possesses a high relative density of 98.26%,together with a refined grain size of 970 nm for W and 50 nm for intragranular Y_(2)O_(3),respectively.
文摘Evaluation of calligraphic copy is the core of Chinese calligraphy appreciation and in-heritance.However,previous aesthetic evaluation studies often focussed on photos and paintings,with few attempts on Chinese calligraphy.To solve this problem,a Siamese regression aesthetic fusion method is proposed,named SRAFE,for Chinese calligraphy based on the combination of calligraphy aesthetics and deep learning.First,a dataset termed Evaluated Chinese Calligraphy Copies(E3C)is constructed for aesthetic evalu-ation.Second,12 hand‐crafted aesthetic features based on the shape,structure,and stroke of calligraphy are designed.Then,the Siamese regression network(SRN)is designed to extract the deep aesthetic representation of calligraphy.Finally,the SRAFE method is built by fusing the deep aesthetic features with the hand‐crafted aesthetic features.Experimental results show that scores given by SRAFE are similar to the aesthetic evaluation label of E3C,proving the effectiveness of the authors’method.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB1060000)the National Basic Research Program of China(2022YFC2303102)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92253301,32071219,21822705)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Team(JCTD-2022-10)(to L.P.)the STI2030-Major Project(2022ZD0207400)(to Y.Z.)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies(19DZ2260400)(to Y.Z.)the Basic Research Pioneer Project by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(STCSM).
文摘Dear Editor,Rab7A(Ras-related protein Rab-7a),a member of the Rab family of small GTPases,has been demonstrated to be a crucial regulator of mammalian autophagic and endosomal pathways(Gutierrez et al.,2004;Yamano et al.,2018).During mammalian autophagy,Rab7A can facilitate the maturation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes through its interactions with relevant regulatory proteins and binding partners(Chua et al.,2011;Gutierrez et al.,2004;Stroupe,2018;Vaites et al.,2018).Particularly,the GDP(guanosine-5'-diphosphate)-bound inactive Rab7A is reported to be recruited to autophagosomes by its GEF(guanine nucleotide exchange factor)protein,the MON1/CCZ1/C18orf8 complex(Fig.1A),which can specifically convert Rab7A to its GTP(guanosine-5'-triphosphate)-bound active state(Nordmann et al.,2010).The precise spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of Rab7A is critical for proper autophagic flux in mammals.Recently,two Cryo-EM(cryo-electron microscopy)structures of the Mon1/Ccz1/Bulli complex from Drosophila were reported(Herrmann et al.,2023;Yong et al.,2023).However,due to the lack of complex structures,how the mammalian MON1(monensin sensitivity 1)/CCZ1(calcium caffeine zinc sensitivity 1)/C18orf8(chromosome 18 open reading frame 8)complex specifically recognizes the GDP-bound inactive Rab7A and achieves its specific GEF activity for Rab7A remains unclear.
基金We thank SSRF BL17U1 and BL19U1 for X-ray beam time,Prof.Jiahuai Han for the full-length SHANK3,and Rap1b cDNA.Thiswork was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(2016YFAO501903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21822705.21621002,91753113)+1 种基金the Sci-ence and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(15JC1400400)and the Strategic Priority Research Program of theChinese Academy of Sciences(XDB20000000).
文摘of main observation and conclusion The active Ras subfamily GTPases,R apl and Ras,can be specifically recognized by the SPN domain of SHANK3,mutations of which are associated with many neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder(ASD).However,the mechanistic bases underlying the interactions of SHANK3 SPN and those Ras subfamily proteins are still elusive.Here,we reported the crystal structures of SHANK3 SPN in complex with the GTP-bound Raplb and the Ras-mimetic Raplb E30D/K31E double mutant.In addition to uncovering the detailed molecular mechanism governing the specific interactions of SHANK3 SPN with those Ras subfamily proteins,the determined structures also reveal a general binding mode between SHANK3 SPN and its associated Ras subfamily proteins.Finally,our study also provides mechanistic insights into two ASD-causing R12C and L68P mutations found in the SPN domain of SHANK3,and expands our understanding of the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases caused by defective SHANK3.
基金We thank Prof.Junying Yuan(IRCBC of CAS,Shanghai,China)and Dr.Jidong Zhu(Etern Therapeutics,Shanghai,China)for their generous help on this work,Dr.Sudan He(ISM of CAMS,Suzhou,China)for providing RIPK3-FKBP NIH/3T3 cells,and National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai(China)for the help in animal studies.This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.21837004,82151212,and 32170755)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB39050500,China)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX02,China).
文摘Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1(RIPK1)functions as a key regulator in inflammation and cell death and is involved in mediating a variety of inflammatory or degenerative diseases.A number of allosteric RIPK1 inhibitors(RIPK1i)have been developed,and some of them have already advanced into clinical evaluation.Recently,selective RIPK1i that interact with both the allosteric pocket and the ATP-binding site of RIPK1 have started to emerge.Here,we report the rational development of a new series of type-II RIPK1i based on the rediscovery of a reported but mechanistically atypical RIPK3i.We also describe the structure-guided lead optimization of a potent,selective,and orally bioavailable RIPK1i,62,which exhibits extraordinary efficacies in mouse models of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases.Collectively,62 provides a useful tool for evaluating RIPK1 in animal disease models and a promising lead for further drug development.
基金supported primarily by the Peacock Team Project(KQTD20210811090112002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52188101)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Tsinghua SIGS(QD2021026C)the Research Fund from Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University(JC2021011)Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center。
文摘A solar steam evaporator provides a sustainable and efficient alternative water purification solution to address the global freshwater shortage.Previous efforts have made significant advances in maximizing its water evaporation rate,but no single evaporator has all the properties necessary for practical point-of-use application,including a high efficiency for generation of drinkable water,an excellent portability critical for on-site water purification,good washability for mitigating evaporator fouling,and good reusability.We report a strategy to produce a high-performance photothermal material for point-of-use water purification.By simultaneously incorporating graphene and gold particles grown from recycled electronic waste in a mechanically strong sponge,we achieved highly efficient water purification under realistic conditions.In addition to a high evaporation rate(3.55 kg/m^(2)/h under one-sun irradiation)attributed to a control of atomic structure of graphene and the size-dependent surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles,it is portable which can be folded,vacuum compacted,dried and rehydrated without compromising performance.It also allows repeated washing to remove contaminant fouling so that it can be reused.The evaporator transforms various types of contaminated water into drinkable clean water,and can be mounted at any angle to optimize the incident solar irradiation.Furthermore,the assembled steam evaporator device could gain purified water meeting the World Health Organization drinking water standards with a high evaporation rate of 9.36 kg/m^(2)/h under outdoor sunlight.
