In the quest to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact in the transportation sector,the recovery of waste heat from diesel engines has become a critical area of focus.This study provided an exhausti...In the quest to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact in the transportation sector,the recovery of waste heat from diesel engines has become a critical area of focus.This study provided an exhaustive thermodynamic analysis optimizing Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)systems forwaste heat recovery fromdiesel engines.Thestudy assessed the performance of five candidateworking fluids—R11,R123,R113,R245fa,and R141b—under a range of operating conditions,specifically varying overheat temperatures and evaporation pressures.The results indicated that the choice of working fluid substantially influences the system’s exergetic efficiency,net output power,and thermal efficiency.R245fa showed an outstanding net output power of 30.39 kW at high overheat conditions,outperforming R11,which is significant for high-temperature waste heat recovery.At lower temperatures,R11 and R113 demonstrated higher exergetic efficiencies,with R11 reaching a peak exergetic efficiency of 7.4%at an evaporation pressure of 10 bar and an overheat of 10℃.The study also revealed that controlling the overheat and optimizing the evaporation pressure are crucial for enhancing the net output power of the ORC system.Specifically,at an evaporation pressure of 30 bar and an overheat of 0℃,R113 exhibited the lowest exergetic destruction of 544.5 kJ/kg,making it a suitable choice for minimizing irreversible losses.These findings are instrumental for understanding the performance of ORC systems in waste heat recovery applications and offer valuable insights for the design and operation of more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine systems.展开更多
Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revita...Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revitalizes the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in OSCC by integrating upconversion-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)with chemotherapy.Using a red blood cell membraneinspired biomimetic nanoplatform,our approach concurrently delivers chlorin e6@upconversion nanoparticles(Ce6@UCNP)and doxorubicin(DOX).By leveraging fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)for 980 nm to 660 nm upconversion excitation,we address challenges such as limited tissue penetration and tissue damage,as well as nanoplatform issues including immunogenicity and targeting inaccuracy Our integrated approach enhances PDT and chemotherapy with the goal of transforming immunologically“cold”tumors into“hot”ones through a cascaded therapy,thereby revitalizing the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC.展开更多
A cobalt-catalyzed ring-opening/hydroxylation cascade of highly strained cyclopropanols has been developed for the first time. The reaction was conducted under open-air atmosphere to afford a broad series of structura...A cobalt-catalyzed ring-opening/hydroxylation cascade of highly strained cyclopropanols has been developed for the first time. The reaction was conducted under open-air atmosphere to afford a broad series of structurally diverse β-hydroxy ketones in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity.The protocol features mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high-functional-group tolerance, facile scalability, and heterocycle compatibility.展开更多
Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experienc...Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims:The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple costeffeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion:China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.展开更多
Flexible sensors are used widely in wearable devices, specifically flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are common and easy to manipulate.However, fabricating such sensors is expensive and complex, so proposed here ...Flexible sensors are used widely in wearable devices, specifically flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are common and easy to manipulate.However, fabricating such sensors is expensive and complex, so proposed here is a simple fabrication approach involving a sensor containing microstructures replicated from a sandpaper template onto which polydimethylsiloxane containing a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes is spin coated. The surface morphologies of three versions of the sensor made using different grades of sandpaper are observed, and the corresponding pressure sensitivities and linearity and hysteresis characteristics are assessed and analyzed. The results show that the sensor made using 80-mesh sandpaper has the best sensing performance. Its sensitivity is 0.341 kPa-1in the loading range of 0–1.6 kPa, it responds to small external loading of 100 Pa with a resistance change of 10%, its loading and unloading response times are 0.126 and 0.2 s, respectively,and its hysteresis characteristic is ~7%, indicating that the sensor has high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability. Thus, the presented piezoresistive sensor is promising for practical applications in flexible wearable electronics.展开更多
Background Dengue fever remains a major global public health challenge,with increasing incidence and burden over recent decades.Global warming,urbanization,and increased international travel have fueled the global spr...Background Dengue fever remains a major global public health challenge,with increasing incidence and burden over recent decades.Global warming,urbanization,and increased international travel have fueled the global spread of dengue.Despite escalating global concern,recent and consistent estimates of the global dengue burden remain limited.This study aimed to quantify the shifting trends of dengue fever.Methods We analyzed the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)dataset to assess dengue fever’s incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries/regions.Data were stratified by age,sex,and socio-demographic index(SDI)using age-standardized rates,and time-trend analysis was conducted with general linear regression.Correlations between SDI and disease burden metrics were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation.Results From 1990 to 2021,the global burden of dengue increased,with age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)rising by 0.56%(95%UI:0.23–2.38),age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)by 0.56%(95%UI:0.23–2.36),and agestandardized DALYs rate(ASDR)by 0.28%(95%UI:-0.38–0.92).In 2021,there were an estimated 58.96 million cases.Regionally,Tropical Latin America reported the highest ASIR(5774.82;95%UI:1774.73–11,624.76).At the national level,variations in the change of the ASIR were observed across countries with Tonga reporting the highest ASIR in 2021.From 1990 to 2021,males exhibited a higher ASDR compared to females,particularly in the 0–14 age group.Dengue burden trends varied across SDI regions,with high-middle and middle SDI regions showing increased ASIR,while low SDI regions experienced a decline.Conclusions The analysis highlights the increase in dengue burden globally,with demographic and geographic disparities.The findings underscore the need for targeted prevention,control,and treatment strategies to mitigate the growing burden of dengue fever worldwide.展开更多
Background:Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose significant public health challenges due to increasing interactions between humans,animals,and the environment.The One Health framework,an interdisciplinary and collab...Background:Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose significant public health challenges due to increasing interactions between humans,animals,and the environment.The One Health framework,an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach,plays a critical role in the risk assessment of EIDs.The study aims to systematically review the risk assessment of EIDs in China under the One Health framework,covering policy support,monitoring and assessment systems,and implementation methods.Methods:Relevant literature and official documents between 1997 and 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and government websites.Data were synthesized to analyze progress,challenges,and gaps.Results:There were 43 academic studies and 31 official documents included in this review.The study found that risk assessment systems existed across human,animal,and environmental health sectors in China,and the government was advancing intelligent monitoring and fostering inter-departmental cooperation.However,several challenges remain in risk assessment of EIDs,including inadequate monitoring systems for unknown EIDs,limited capacity building for risk assessment in ecosystems and environmental systems,insufficiently detailed risk assessment guidance at the county level,and barriers to cross-sectoral information sharing at the international and county levels.Conclusion:The findings highlighted the need to enhance risk assessment of EIDs at the local level,expand the scope of disease surveillance including aquatic and wild animals,and strengthen inter-departmental data sharing to improve early warning capabilities under the One Health framework.展开更多
Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose a significant threat to public health.Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control.Given that more than hal...Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose a significant threat to public health.Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control.Given that more than half of EIDs are zoonotic,traditional integrated surveillance systems remain inadequate.Despite recent advances in integrated systems in China,there are few systemic reviews on the integrated surveillance and early warning system of EIDs at community level,particularly under the One Health framework.Here,this systematic review summarizes the current status of surveillance advances in China,including the multi-trigger integrated monitor system.It also highlights the mechanisms for embedding the One Health approach into local policy and practice,while identifying challenges and opportunities for improvement.Additionally,guidelines and recommendations are proposed to optimize the integration of multi-sectoral,multi-level and interdisciplinary cooperation at the human-animal-environment interface.展开更多
Background:Strategy and mechanism are crucial components of One Health governance in China,designed to address the interconnected health issues between humans,animals,and the environment.This study aims to evaluate Ch...Background:Strategy and mechanism are crucial components of One Health governance in China,designed to address the interconnected health issues between humans,animals,and the environment.This study aims to evaluate China's current One Health governance framework,identify key strengths and gaps,and provide recommendations for establishing a more integrated and effective system.Methods:A qualitative approach was employed,including in-depth interviews,policy analysis,and a review of existing literature,to evaluate the strengths and gaps in China's One Health framework.Results:The analysis identified progress and challenges in six key areas:(1)political commitment:strong national support exists,but lacks a unified strategy;(2)legislation and regulation:notable legislative efforts are in place,yet they remain fragmented;(3)leadership building:effective leadership structures have been established during crises but are not institutionalized;(4)strategic planning:initial regional planning is underway,but a comprehensive national focus is needed;(5)coordination and communication:mechanisms exist but require formalized,consistent information-sharing channels;(6)stakeholder engagement:public and academic awareness is growing,yet local community involvement needs strengthening.Conclusion:To advance its One Health governance,China must focus on creating a unified strategy,enhancing interdepartmental coordination,and deepening stakeholder engagement,ensuring its alignment with international standards and improving public health outcomes.展开更多
Numerous investigations have uncovered the outstanding therapeutic effect of tea extract on ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the therapeutic potential on UC of Pu’er raw tea extract(PRTE)remains debated and need to be ...Numerous investigations have uncovered the outstanding therapeutic effect of tea extract on ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the therapeutic potential on UC of Pu’er raw tea extract(PRTE)remains debated and need to be investigated.In our study,PRTE(100 and 300 mg/kg)was applied to the DSS-induced colitis mice via intra-gastric administration.Results have shown that PRTE treatment significantly ameliorated DSS-induced weight loss,loose stool,hematochezia,colon atrophy,splenomegaly and colon pathological injury.It could also inhibit UC by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α)and increasing the expression of tight junction protein(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)to reinforce intestinal barrier.Fecal microbiota transplantation has further confirmed that PRTE could maintain intestinal homeostasis and relieve UC by improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus,Muribaculum,Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae,and reduce the abun-dance of harmful bacteria such as Turicibacter and Romboutsia.This study suggested that PRTE exhibited a noteworthy therapeutic effect on UC via restoring intestinal barrier function and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis,which develops a safe and efficient novel strategy for UC prophylaxis and therapy,and provides theoretical support for medical application of Pu’er raw tea in the future.展开更多
Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic affiction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is charac-terized by a diverse range of pervasiveness,multiple transmission routes,and serious hazards.It is im...Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic affiction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is charac-terized by a diverse range of pervasiveness,multiple transmission routes,and serious hazards.It is imperative to amal-gamate the current knowledge and identify gaps pertaining to the role of ticks in brucellosis transmission.Methods We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKi),WanFang,Google Scholar,and PubMed on the topic published until April 23,2022.The procedure was performed in accordance with the Sys-tematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR)guidelines.The selected articles were categorized across three major topic areas,and the potential data was extracted to describe evidence-practice gaps by two reviewers.Results The search identifed 83 eligible studies for the final analyses.The results highlighted the potential capacity of ticks in brucellosis transmission as evidenced by the detection of Brucella in 16 different tick species.The pooled overall prevalence of Brucella in ticks was 33.87%(range:0.00-87.80%).The review also revealed the capability of Bru-cella to circulate in parasitic ticks'different developmental stages,thus posing a potential threat to animal and human health.Empirical evidence from in vitro rodent infection experiments has revealed that ticks possess the capability to transmit Brucella to uninfected animals(range:45.00-80.00%).Moreover,significant epidemiological associations have been found between the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and tick control in rangelands,which further suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for brucellosis transmission in ruminants.Notably,a mere three cases of human brucellosis resulting from potential tick bites were identified in search of global clinical case reports from 1963to 2019.Conclusions It is imperative to improve the techniques used to identify Brucella in ticks,particularly by developing a novel,efficient,precise approach that can be applied in a field setting.Furthermore,due to the lack of adequate evi-dence of tick-borne brucellosis,it is essential to integrate various disciplines,including experimental animal science,epidemiology,molecular genetics,and others,to better understand the efficacy of tick-borne brucellosis.By amal-gamating multiple disciplines,we can enhance our comprehension and proficiency in tackling tick-borne brucellosis.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a chronic metabolic disease related to glucose metabolism disorders.Increasing evidences indicate that flavonoids obtained from plants have beneficial effects on T2D.Apios americana Medik,origin...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a chronic metabolic disease related to glucose metabolism disorders.Increasing evidences indicate that flavonoids obtained from plants have beneficial effects on T2D.Apios americana Medik,originally cultivated in North America,is rich in flavonoids.In this study,A.americana flower extract(AFE)was purified and flavonoids were identified.The beneficial effects of AFE on glucose metabolism disorders were investigated.Results showed that AFE protected hepatic cells from oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and increased glucose consumption and glucose uptake.The AKT pathway was involved in AFE-mediated hypoglycemic action in LO2 cells,accompanied by phosphorylation of FoxO1,Gsk-3βand AMPK.In vivo,AFE protected Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)from oxidative stress under hyperglycemia and restored the expressions of PMK-1 and SKN-1.Furthermore,AFE decreased excessive glucose and lipid accumulation and extended the lifespans of high glucose(HG)treated C.elegans.AFE might be beneficial to decrease glucose metabolism disorders and T2D.展开更多
Background About half of the world's population risks contracting malaria,which despite the effective treatments available globally,remains a life-threatening affliction,particularly for the poorest and most vulne...Background About half of the world's population risks contracting malaria,which despite the effective treatments available globally,remains a life-threatening affliction,particularly for the poorest and most vulnerable populations.To raise awareness,advocacy,and action towards defeating the disease,which was responsible for approximately 228 million debilitating infections and 405000 deaths at last count in 2018,the international community has,since 2008,commemorated World Malaria Day on 25 April.Events all over the world have provided opportunities for malaria affected countries to learn from each other's experiences and support each other's efforts.Likewise,it has been an occasion for development partners across all countries to showcase their efforts against malaria,reflect on successes,and assess the challenges ahead.This year the World Malaria Day takes its theme from the pan-African campaign,first launched in Senegal,known as"Zero palu!Je m'engage"or"Zero Malaria Starts with Me".展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a clinical syndrome associated with steatosis and excessive deposition in the liver,while safe,green and efficient curative therapy is still lacking.Current researches have s...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a clinical syndrome associated with steatosis and excessive deposition in the liver,while safe,green and efficient curative therapy is still lacking.Current researches have shown that plant polyphenols possess superior lipid-lowering and liver protective activities.Pu'er raw tea,a widely consumed tea with increasing fans,has been reported with various healthcare functions,such as blood lipids-lowering,weight loss,anti-microbes and anti-cancer.Therefore,in this study,polyphenols were extracted,purified and identified from Pu'er raw tea.The beneficial effects of Pu'er raw tea extract(PTE)on lipidoses in both LO2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated.In vitro,PTE manifested beneficial effects in protecting cells from oxidative stress,alleviating lipid accumulation and expression of metabolic transcription factors such as Pparα,CD36,Plin2,Scd1,and activating the SIRT1-FOXO pathway to inhibit the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS.In vivo,PTE regulated the abnormal athletic ability of C.elegans and inhibited lipidosis in the whole body induced by oleic acid(OA).Therefore,PTE has exhibited superior bioactivity in alleviating lipid deposition both in vivo and in vitro,and could be regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD in the future.展开更多
Happens-before memory model （HMM） is used as the basis of Java memory model （JMM）. Although HMM itself is simple, some complex axioms have to be introduced in JMM to prevent the causality loop, which causes absurd...Happens-before memory model （HMM） is used as the basis of Java memory model （JMM）. Although HMM itself is simple, some complex axioms have to be introduced in JMM to prevent the causality loop, which causes absurd out-of-thin-air reads that may break the type safety and se- curity guarantee of Java. The resulting JMM is complex and difficult to understand. It also has many anti-intuitive behav- iors, as demonstrated by the ＂ugly examples＂ by Aspinall and ~ev6~ [1]. Furthermore, HMM （and JMM） specifies only what execution traces are acceptable, but says nothing about how these traces are generated. This gap makes it difficult for static reasoning about programs. In this paper we present OHMM, an operational variation of HMM. The model is specified by giving an operational semantics to a language running on an abstract machine de- signed to simulate HMM. Thanks to its generative nature, the model naturally prevents out-of-thin-air reads. On the other hand, it uses a novel replay mechanism to allow instruc- tions to be executed multiple times, which can be used to model many useful speculations and optimization. The model is weaker than JMM for lockless programs, thus can accom- modate more optimization, such as the reordering of inde- pendent memory accesses that is not valid in JMM. Program behaviors are more natural in this model than in JMM, and many of the anti-intuitive examples in JMM are no longer valid here. We hope OHMM can serve as the basis for new memory models for Java-like languages.展开更多
Atomic blocks, a high-level language construct that allows programmers to explicitly specify the atomicity of operations without worrying about the implementations, are a promising approach that simplifies concurrent ...Atomic blocks, a high-level language construct that allows programmers to explicitly specify the atomicity of operations without worrying about the implementations, are a promising approach that simplifies concurrent programming. On the other hand, temporal logic is a successful model in logic programming and concurrency verification, but none of existing temporal programming models supports concurrent programming with atomic blocks yet. In this paper, we propose a temporal programming model （αPTL） which extends the projection temporal logic （PTL） to support concurrent programming with atomic blocks. The novel construct that formulates atomic execution of code blocks, which we call atomic interval formulas, is always interpreted over two consecutive states, with the internal states of the block being abstracted away. We show that the framing mechanism in projection temporal logic also works in the new model, which consequently supports our development of an executive language. The language supports concurrency by introducing a loose interleaving semantics which tracks only the mutual exclusion between atomic blocks. We demonstrate the usage of αPTL by modeling and verifying both the fine-grained and coarse-grained concurrency.展开更多
Background:Food-borne parasitic diseases decrease food safety and threaten public health.The snail species is an intermediate host for numerous human parasitic trematodes.Orientogalba ollula has been reported as inter...Background:Food-borne parasitic diseases decrease food safety and threaten public health.The snail species is an intermediate host for numerous human parasitic trematodes.Orientogalba ollula has been reported as intermediate hosts of many zoonotic trematodes.Here,we investigated the prevalence of zoonotic trematodes withinO.ollula in Guangxi,China,and assessed their zoonotic potential.Methods:Snails were collected from 54 sites in 9 cities throughout Guangxi.The snail and trematode larvae species were determined by combining morphological characteristics and molecular markers.The trematodes prevalence and constituent ratio were calculated and compared among different habitat environments.Phylogenetic trees of the trematode species were constructed using the neighbor-joining method with nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)sequences.The developmental cycles of the isolated trematodes were examined by experimental infection in ducks.The developmental characteristics ofEchinostoma revolutum was recorded by dissecting infected ducklings from 1-day post infection(dpi)to 10 dpi.Results:The overall prevalence of trematode larvae was 22.1%(1818/8238)inO.ollula from 11 sample sites.Morphological together with molecular identification,showed thatE.revolutum,Australapatemon sp.,Hypoderaeum conoideum,Pharyngostomum cordatum,andEchinostoma sp.parasitizedO.ollula,with the highest infection rate ofE.revolutum(13.0%).However,noFasciola larvae were detected.The trematodes prevalence and constituent ratio varied in two sub-biotypes(P<0.01).A neighbor-joining tree analysis of ITS2 sequences resulted in distinct monophyletic clades supported by sequences from isolated larvae with high bootstrap values.Ducklings exposed toO.ollula infected withEchinostoma sp.,E.revolutum,andH.conoideum larvae were successfully infected.The animal model forEchinostoma revolutum was successfully established.E.revolutum matured from larvae to adult at 10 dpi in the intestine of the duck,and the developmental characteristics ofE.revolutum were characterized by the maturation of the reproductive and digestive organs at 6-8 dpi.Conclusions:This study revealed a high prevalence of zoonotic trematodes inO.ollula from Guangxi,China.Existing trematodes infection in animals and human clinical cases,coupled with the wide geographical distribution ofO.ollula,necessitate further evaluations of the potential risk of spillover of zoonotic infection from animal to human and vice versa.展开更多
China has achieved significant progress in controlling parasitic diseases through extensive campaigns over the last seven decades.In 2015,the criteria for schistosomiasis transmission control were met nationwide(1),an...China has achieved significant progress in controlling parasitic diseases through extensive campaigns over the last seven decades.In 2015,the criteria for schistosomiasis transmission control were met nationwide(1),and no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in China since 2017(2).Moreover,the number of areas with endemic visceral leishmaniasis has been markedly reduced from 16 to 7 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)(3).展开更多
The World Health Organization(WHO)certified China as officially malaria-free on June 30,2021.Looking back at the public health history in China,malaria elimination has been a product of complex social engineering.Here...The World Health Organization(WHO)certified China as officially malaria-free on June 30,2021.Looking back at the public health history in China,malaria elimination has been a product of complex social engineering.Here,we summarized our experience and lessons,and found that malaria control and elimination in China is mainly attributed to governmental leadership,consistent efforts,technological innovations,and adaptive approaches.We also raised that vigilance should focus on imported cases through strengthening surveillance and response systems in order to prevent any re-establishment of transmission after elimination.China should continue to maintain its laboratory,clinical and field epidemiology capabilities.Continuous policy and financial support,multi-sectoral cooperation,and innovative strategies and approaches will remain essential.By integrating these,a malaria-free status can become sustainable.展开更多
基金funded by the Huaiyin Institute of Technology—Institute of Smart Energy.
文摘In the quest to enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact in the transportation sector,the recovery of waste heat from diesel engines has become a critical area of focus.This study provided an exhaustive thermodynamic analysis optimizing Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)systems forwaste heat recovery fromdiesel engines.Thestudy assessed the performance of five candidateworking fluids—R11,R123,R113,R245fa,and R141b—under a range of operating conditions,specifically varying overheat temperatures and evaporation pressures.The results indicated that the choice of working fluid substantially influences the system’s exergetic efficiency,net output power,and thermal efficiency.R245fa showed an outstanding net output power of 30.39 kW at high overheat conditions,outperforming R11,which is significant for high-temperature waste heat recovery.At lower temperatures,R11 and R113 demonstrated higher exergetic efficiencies,with R11 reaching a peak exergetic efficiency of 7.4%at an evaporation pressure of 10 bar and an overheat of 10℃.The study also revealed that controlling the overheat and optimizing the evaporation pressure are crucial for enhancing the net output power of the ORC system.Specifically,at an evaporation pressure of 30 bar and an overheat of 0℃,R113 exhibited the lowest exergetic destruction of 544.5 kJ/kg,making it a suitable choice for minimizing irreversible losses.These findings are instrumental for understanding the performance of ORC systems in waste heat recovery applications and offer valuable insights for the design and operation of more efficient and environmentally friendly diesel engine systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81802709)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2023MH230,ZR2023MH096)+1 种基金the Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Innovative Talents Funded SchemePlan of Young Scholars of Shandong University。
文摘Immunotherapy offers significant potential but is often hampered by the immunosuppressive environment in oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).To address this,we propose an enhanced immunotherapeutic strategy that revitalizes the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME)in OSCC by integrating upconversion-based photodynamic therapy(PDT)with chemotherapy.Using a red blood cell membraneinspired biomimetic nanoplatform,our approach concurrently delivers chlorin e6@upconversion nanoparticles(Ce6@UCNP)and doxorubicin(DOX).By leveraging fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET)for 980 nm to 660 nm upconversion excitation,we address challenges such as limited tissue penetration and tissue damage,as well as nanoplatform issues including immunogenicity and targeting inaccuracy Our integrated approach enhances PDT and chemotherapy with the goal of transforming immunologically“cold”tumors into“hot”ones through a cascaded therapy,thereby revitalizing the tumor immune microenvironment in OSCC.
基金State Key Basic Research Program of the People's Republic of China(No.2018YFC0310900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21871018,21732001)+9 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.KQTD20190929174023858,JCYJ20180504165454447)Industry and Information Technology Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality(No.201806151622209330)Guangdong Science and Technology Program(No.2017B030314002)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(No.2019SHIBS0004)the National Ten Thousand Talent Program(the Leading Talent Tier)for the financial supportthe Science and Technology Project of Henan Province(No.202102310328)the PhD Start-up Program of Anyang Institute of Technology(No.BSJ 2021042)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project in China(Nos.202102020134,202102020690)Youth Innovation Talents Project of Guangdong Universities(natural science)in China(No.2019KQNCX098)the Henan Postdoctoral Foundation and the Postdoctoral Innovation Base of Anyang Institute of Technology for financial support。
文摘A cobalt-catalyzed ring-opening/hydroxylation cascade of highly strained cyclopropanols has been developed for the first time. The reaction was conducted under open-air atmosphere to afford a broad series of structurally diverse β-hydroxy ketones in moderate to good yields with high regioselectivity.The protocol features mild reaction conditions, simple operation, high-functional-group tolerance, facile scalability, and heterocycle compatibility.
基金supported by the National Parasitic Resources Center,the Ministry of Science and Technology fund(grant number NPRC-2019-194-30)the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion(grant number 21410750200)+3 种基金Hainan Province Health Technology Innovation Joint Project(grant number WSJK2024MS226)the Three-Year Public Health Action Plan(No.2023-2025)of Shanghai(grant numbers GWVI-11.1-12,GWVI-11.2-XD33)Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(grant numbers 2022FY100900,2022FY100904)Shenzhen Medical Research Fund(grant number B2404002).
文摘Background:The emergence of dengue fever has prompted significant public health responses,highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of One Health in addressing vector-borne diseases.China's experience in dengue control and prevention programs offers valuable insights into the successful integration of multidisciplinary strategies.Aims:The review aims to:(1)systematically analyze lessons from China's dengue control and prevention programs,focusing on the integration of these efforts with the One Health approach;(2)underscore the reasons of optimizing the dengue control and prevention program;(3)highlight the alignment of China's dengue control strategies with the One Health framework;(4)contribute to global efforts in combating dengue,providing scientific evidence and strategic recommendations for other regions facing similar challenges.Results:Through a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews,this study found China's approach to dengue control and prevention implemented through a hierarchical system led by the government,with collaborative efforts across multiple departments.This multi-sectoral collaboration mechanism enables the technical interventions well executed by health and disease control institutions,optimizing the integration of multiple costeffeteness approaches,such as case management,early detection and outbreak response,reducing local transmission,and minimizing severe cases and fatalities.It was found that community participation and public health education have played a vital role in raising awareness,promoting personal protective measures,and enhancing the overall effectiveness of control efforts.The implementation of these integrated interventions has resulted in reduced dengue cases and improved capacity of outbreak response.China's dengue control strategies under the One Health framework,with focus on interdisciplinary collaboration,incorporated environmental and ecological interventions,which reduced mosquito breeding sites and improved sanitation.The findings of the review underscore the need for continuous improvement in early warning systems,scientific research,and the adoption of the One Health approach to address emerging challenges posed by climate change and the cross-border spread of infectious diseases.Conclusion:China's dengue control and prevention programs provide a compelling case study for the effective application of the One Health approach.By systematically analyzing the integration of multidisciplinary strategies,this review reveals valuable lessons on optimizing public health responses to vector-borne diseases.The alignment of these strategies with One Health principles not only enhances the effectiveness of dengue control efforts in China but also offers a framework that can be adapted by other regions facing similar challenges.Ultimately,the insights gained from this analysis contribute to the global fight against dengue,emphasizing the need for collaborative and holistic approaches in public health initiatives.
基金supported financially by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202204041101006)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant Nos.20210302123013,202203021222077,and 202203021222069)the Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2023-130).
文摘Flexible sensors are used widely in wearable devices, specifically flexible piezoresistive sensors, which are common and easy to manipulate.However, fabricating such sensors is expensive and complex, so proposed here is a simple fabrication approach involving a sensor containing microstructures replicated from a sandpaper template onto which polydimethylsiloxane containing a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes is spin coated. The surface morphologies of three versions of the sensor made using different grades of sandpaper are observed, and the corresponding pressure sensitivities and linearity and hysteresis characteristics are assessed and analyzed. The results show that the sensor made using 80-mesh sandpaper has the best sensing performance. Its sensitivity is 0.341 kPa-1in the loading range of 0–1.6 kPa, it responds to small external loading of 100 Pa with a resistance change of 10%, its loading and unloading response times are 0.126 and 0.2 s, respectively,and its hysteresis characteristic is ~7%, indicating that the sensor has high sensitivity, fast response, and good stability. Thus, the presented piezoresistive sensor is promising for practical applications in flexible wearable electronics.
基金supported by the National Parasite Resources Center,the Ministry of Science and Technology fund(No.NPRC-2019-194-30)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology(No.BD1500010)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300804)the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion(No.21410750200).
文摘Background Dengue fever remains a major global public health challenge,with increasing incidence and burden over recent decades.Global warming,urbanization,and increased international travel have fueled the global spread of dengue.Despite escalating global concern,recent and consistent estimates of the global dengue burden remain limited.This study aimed to quantify the shifting trends of dengue fever.Methods We analyzed the 2021 Global Burden of Disease(GBD)dataset to assess dengue fever’s incidence,prevalence,mortality,and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)from 1990 to 2021 across 204 countries/regions.Data were stratified by age,sex,and socio-demographic index(SDI)using age-standardized rates,and time-trend analysis was conducted with general linear regression.Correlations between SDI and disease burden metrics were evaluated using Spearman’s rank correlation.Results From 1990 to 2021,the global burden of dengue increased,with age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)rising by 0.56%(95%UI:0.23–2.38),age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)by 0.56%(95%UI:0.23–2.36),and agestandardized DALYs rate(ASDR)by 0.28%(95%UI:-0.38–0.92).In 2021,there were an estimated 58.96 million cases.Regionally,Tropical Latin America reported the highest ASIR(5774.82;95%UI:1774.73–11,624.76).At the national level,variations in the change of the ASIR were observed across countries with Tonga reporting the highest ASIR in 2021.From 1990 to 2021,males exhibited a higher ASDR compared to females,particularly in the 0–14 age group.Dengue burden trends varied across SDI regions,with high-middle and middle SDI regions showing increased ASIR,while low SDI regions experienced a decline.Conclusions The analysis highlights the increase in dengue burden globally,with demographic and geographic disparities.The findings underscore the need for targeted prevention,control,and treatment strategies to mitigate the growing burden of dengue fever worldwide.
基金supported by the International Joint Laboratory on Tropical Diseases Control in Greater Mekong Subregion[grant number 21410750200]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 82304102]+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai[grant number 23ZR1436200]Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation[grant number 22YF1421100,23YF1421200].
文摘Background:Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose significant public health challenges due to increasing interactions between humans,animals,and the environment.The One Health framework,an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach,plays a critical role in the risk assessment of EIDs.The study aims to systematically review the risk assessment of EIDs in China under the One Health framework,covering policy support,monitoring and assessment systems,and implementation methods.Methods:Relevant literature and official documents between 1997 and 2024 were retrieved from Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wan Fang,China Science and Technology Journal Database,and government websites.Data were synthesized to analyze progress,challenges,and gaps.Results:There were 43 academic studies and 31 official documents included in this review.The study found that risk assessment systems existed across human,animal,and environmental health sectors in China,and the government was advancing intelligent monitoring and fostering inter-departmental cooperation.However,several challenges remain in risk assessment of EIDs,including inadequate monitoring systems for unknown EIDs,limited capacity building for risk assessment in ecosystems and environmental systems,insufficiently detailed risk assessment guidance at the county level,and barriers to cross-sectoral information sharing at the international and county levels.Conclusion:The findings highlighted the need to enhance risk assessment of EIDs at the local level,expand the scope of disease surveillance including aquatic and wild animals,and strengthen inter-departmental data sharing to improve early warning capabilities under the One Health framework.
基金supported by the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(grant number ZDYF2022SHFZ321)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 22104090,82102184)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant numbers 22ZR1436200,23ZR1436800)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission of China(grant number 2024QN083)Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(grant number WK2406).
文摘Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)pose a significant threat to public health.Effective surveillance and early warning systems that monitor EIDs in a timely manner are crucial for their control.Given that more than half of EIDs are zoonotic,traditional integrated surveillance systems remain inadequate.Despite recent advances in integrated systems in China,there are few systemic reviews on the integrated surveillance and early warning system of EIDs at community level,particularly under the One Health framework.Here,this systematic review summarizes the current status of surveillance advances in China,including the multi-trigger integrated monitor system.It also highlights the mechanisms for embedding the One Health approach into local policy and practice,while identifying challenges and opportunities for improvement.Additionally,guidelines and recommendations are proposed to optimize the integration of multi-sectoral,multi-level and interdisciplinary cooperation at the human-animal-environment interface.
基金supported by Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)Key Discipline Project[grant number:GWVI-11.1-12]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number:72204160]National Key R&D program of China[grant number:2024YFE0199000].
文摘Background:Strategy and mechanism are crucial components of One Health governance in China,designed to address the interconnected health issues between humans,animals,and the environment.This study aims to evaluate China's current One Health governance framework,identify key strengths and gaps,and provide recommendations for establishing a more integrated and effective system.Methods:A qualitative approach was employed,including in-depth interviews,policy analysis,and a review of existing literature,to evaluate the strengths and gaps in China's One Health framework.Results:The analysis identified progress and challenges in six key areas:(1)political commitment:strong national support exists,but lacks a unified strategy;(2)legislation and regulation:notable legislative efforts are in place,yet they remain fragmented;(3)leadership building:effective leadership structures have been established during crises but are not institutionalized;(4)strategic planning:initial regional planning is underway,but a comprehensive national focus is needed;(5)coordination and communication:mechanisms exist but require formalized,consistent information-sharing channels;(6)stakeholder engagement:public and academic awareness is growing,yet local community involvement needs strengthening.Conclusion:To advance its One Health governance,China must focus on creating a unified strategy,enhancing interdepartmental coordination,and deepening stakeholder engagement,ensuring its alignment with international standards and improving public health outcomes.
基金supported by the program of China Poverty Allevia-tion through Education 2021,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22206167)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Z23C160017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32102103).
文摘Numerous investigations have uncovered the outstanding therapeutic effect of tea extract on ulcerative colitis(UC).However,the therapeutic potential on UC of Pu’er raw tea extract(PRTE)remains debated and need to be investigated.In our study,PRTE(100 and 300 mg/kg)was applied to the DSS-induced colitis mice via intra-gastric administration.Results have shown that PRTE treatment significantly ameliorated DSS-induced weight loss,loose stool,hematochezia,colon atrophy,splenomegaly and colon pathological injury.It could also inhibit UC by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines(IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α)and increasing the expression of tight junction protein(zonula occludens-1,ZO-1)to reinforce intestinal barrier.Fecal microbiota transplantation has further confirmed that PRTE could maintain intestinal homeostasis and relieve UC by improve the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus,Muribaculum,Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae,and reduce the abun-dance of harmful bacteria such as Turicibacter and Romboutsia.This study suggested that PRTE exhibited a noteworthy therapeutic effect on UC via restoring intestinal barrier function and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis,which develops a safe and efficient novel strategy for UC prophylaxis and therapy,and provides theoretical support for medical application of Pu’er raw tea in the future.
文摘Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic affiction instigated by bacteria belonging to the genus Brucella and is charac-terized by a diverse range of pervasiveness,multiple transmission routes,and serious hazards.It is imperative to amal-gamate the current knowledge and identify gaps pertaining to the role of ticks in brucellosis transmission.Methods We systematically searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKi),WanFang,Google Scholar,and PubMed on the topic published until April 23,2022.The procedure was performed in accordance with the Sys-tematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews(PRISMA-ScR)guidelines.The selected articles were categorized across three major topic areas,and the potential data was extracted to describe evidence-practice gaps by two reviewers.Results The search identifed 83 eligible studies for the final analyses.The results highlighted the potential capacity of ticks in brucellosis transmission as evidenced by the detection of Brucella in 16 different tick species.The pooled overall prevalence of Brucella in ticks was 33.87%(range:0.00-87.80%).The review also revealed the capability of Bru-cella to circulate in parasitic ticks'different developmental stages,thus posing a potential threat to animal and human health.Empirical evidence from in vitro rodent infection experiments has revealed that ticks possess the capability to transmit Brucella to uninfected animals(range:45.00-80.00%).Moreover,significant epidemiological associations have been found between the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and tick control in rangelands,which further suggests that ticks may serve as potential vectors for brucellosis transmission in ruminants.Notably,a mere three cases of human brucellosis resulting from potential tick bites were identified in search of global clinical case reports from 1963to 2019.Conclusions It is imperative to improve the techniques used to identify Brucella in ticks,particularly by developing a novel,efficient,precise approach that can be applied in a field setting.Furthermore,due to the lack of adequate evi-dence of tick-borne brucellosis,it is essential to integrate various disciplines,including experimental animal science,epidemiology,molecular genetics,and others,to better understand the efficacy of tick-borne brucellosis.By amal-gamating multiple disciplines,we can enhance our comprehension and proficiency in tackling tick-borne brucellosis.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Major R&D Program[2021C02020]the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China[LQ20C160011].
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)is a chronic metabolic disease related to glucose metabolism disorders.Increasing evidences indicate that flavonoids obtained from plants have beneficial effects on T2D.Apios americana Medik,originally cultivated in North America,is rich in flavonoids.In this study,A.americana flower extract(AFE)was purified and flavonoids were identified.The beneficial effects of AFE on glucose metabolism disorders were investigated.Results showed that AFE protected hepatic cells from oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia and increased glucose consumption and glucose uptake.The AKT pathway was involved in AFE-mediated hypoglycemic action in LO2 cells,accompanied by phosphorylation of FoxO1,Gsk-3βand AMPK.In vivo,AFE protected Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)from oxidative stress under hyperglycemia and restored the expressions of PMK-1 and SKN-1.Furthermore,AFE decreased excessive glucose and lipid accumulation and extended the lifespans of high glucose(HG)treated C.elegans.AFE might be beneficial to decrease glucose metabolism disorders and T2D.
文摘Background About half of the world's population risks contracting malaria,which despite the effective treatments available globally,remains a life-threatening affliction,particularly for the poorest and most vulnerable populations.To raise awareness,advocacy,and action towards defeating the disease,which was responsible for approximately 228 million debilitating infections and 405000 deaths at last count in 2018,the international community has,since 2008,commemorated World Malaria Day on 25 April.Events all over the world have provided opportunities for malaria affected countries to learn from each other's experiences and support each other's efforts.Likewise,it has been an occasion for development partners across all countries to showcase their efforts against malaria,reflect on successes,and assess the challenges ahead.This year the World Malaria Day takes its theme from the pan-African campaign,first launched in Senegal,known as"Zero palu!Je m'engage"or"Zero Malaria Starts with Me".
基金supported by the program of China Poverty Alleviation through Education 2021.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a clinical syndrome associated with steatosis and excessive deposition in the liver,while safe,green and efficient curative therapy is still lacking.Current researches have shown that plant polyphenols possess superior lipid-lowering and liver protective activities.Pu'er raw tea,a widely consumed tea with increasing fans,has been reported with various healthcare functions,such as blood lipids-lowering,weight loss,anti-microbes and anti-cancer.Therefore,in this study,polyphenols were extracted,purified and identified from Pu'er raw tea.The beneficial effects of Pu'er raw tea extract(PTE)on lipidoses in both LO2 cells and Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated.In vitro,PTE manifested beneficial effects in protecting cells from oxidative stress,alleviating lipid accumulation and expression of metabolic transcription factors such as Pparα,CD36,Plin2,Scd1,and activating the SIRT1-FOXO pathway to inhibit the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS.In vivo,PTE regulated the abnormal athletic ability of C.elegans and inhibited lipidosis in the whole body induced by oleic acid(OA).Therefore,PTE has exhibited superior bioactivity in alleviating lipid deposition both in vivo and in vitro,and could be regarded as a potential therapeutic strategy for NAFLD in the future.
文摘Happens-before memory model （HMM） is used as the basis of Java memory model （JMM）. Although HMM itself is simple, some complex axioms have to be introduced in JMM to prevent the causality loop, which causes absurd out-of-thin-air reads that may break the type safety and se- curity guarantee of Java. The resulting JMM is complex and difficult to understand. It also has many anti-intuitive behav- iors, as demonstrated by the ＂ugly examples＂ by Aspinall and ~ev6~ [1]. Furthermore, HMM （and JMM） specifies only what execution traces are acceptable, but says nothing about how these traces are generated. This gap makes it difficult for static reasoning about programs. In this paper we present OHMM, an operational variation of HMM. The model is specified by giving an operational semantics to a language running on an abstract machine de- signed to simulate HMM. Thanks to its generative nature, the model naturally prevents out-of-thin-air reads. On the other hand, it uses a novel replay mechanism to allow instruc- tions to be executed multiple times, which can be used to model many useful speculations and optimization. The model is weaker than JMM for lockless programs, thus can accom- modate more optimization, such as the reordering of inde- pendent memory accesses that is not valid in JMM. Program behaviors are more natural in this model than in JMM, and many of the anti-intuitive examples in JMM are no longer valid here. We hope OHMM can serve as the basis for new memory models for Java-like languages.
基金Acknowledgements We thank for anonymous referees for their suggestions and comments. This research was based on work supported by grants from Science Foundation of China Project （60833001, 61100063, 61073040 and 61103023）, and by a Humboldt Fellowship （X.Y.） from Alexander von Humboldt Foundation.
文摘Atomic blocks, a high-level language construct that allows programmers to explicitly specify the atomicity of operations without worrying about the implementations, are a promising approach that simplifies concurrent programming. On the other hand, temporal logic is a successful model in logic programming and concurrency verification, but none of existing temporal programming models supports concurrent programming with atomic blocks yet. In this paper, we propose a temporal programming model （αPTL） which extends the projection temporal logic （PTL） to support concurrent programming with atomic blocks. The novel construct that formulates atomic execution of code blocks, which we call atomic interval formulas, is always interpreted over two consecutive states, with the internal states of the block being abstracted away. We show that the framing mechanism in projection temporal logic also works in the new model, which consequently supports our development of an executive language. The language supports concurrency by introducing a loose interleaving semantics which tracks only the mutual exclusion between atomic blocks. We demonstrate the usage of αPTL by modeling and verifying both the fine-grained and coarse-grained concurrency.
基金Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University Scientific Research Project(XP021059)National Parasitic Resources Center(NPRC-2019-194-30)Key Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department(2021GG0171)。
文摘Background:Food-borne parasitic diseases decrease food safety and threaten public health.The snail species is an intermediate host for numerous human parasitic trematodes.Orientogalba ollula has been reported as intermediate hosts of many zoonotic trematodes.Here,we investigated the prevalence of zoonotic trematodes withinO.ollula in Guangxi,China,and assessed their zoonotic potential.Methods:Snails were collected from 54 sites in 9 cities throughout Guangxi.The snail and trematode larvae species were determined by combining morphological characteristics and molecular markers.The trematodes prevalence and constituent ratio were calculated and compared among different habitat environments.Phylogenetic trees of the trematode species were constructed using the neighbor-joining method with nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2(ITS2)sequences.The developmental cycles of the isolated trematodes were examined by experimental infection in ducks.The developmental characteristics ofEchinostoma revolutum was recorded by dissecting infected ducklings from 1-day post infection(dpi)to 10 dpi.Results:The overall prevalence of trematode larvae was 22.1%(1818/8238)inO.ollula from 11 sample sites.Morphological together with molecular identification,showed thatE.revolutum,Australapatemon sp.,Hypoderaeum conoideum,Pharyngostomum cordatum,andEchinostoma sp.parasitizedO.ollula,with the highest infection rate ofE.revolutum(13.0%).However,noFasciola larvae were detected.The trematodes prevalence and constituent ratio varied in two sub-biotypes(P<0.01).A neighbor-joining tree analysis of ITS2 sequences resulted in distinct monophyletic clades supported by sequences from isolated larvae with high bootstrap values.Ducklings exposed toO.ollula infected withEchinostoma sp.,E.revolutum,andH.conoideum larvae were successfully infected.The animal model forEchinostoma revolutum was successfully established.E.revolutum matured from larvae to adult at 10 dpi in the intestine of the duck,and the developmental characteristics ofE.revolutum were characterized by the maturation of the reproductive and digestive organs at 6-8 dpi.Conclusions:This study revealed a high prevalence of zoonotic trematodes inO.ollula from Guangxi,China.Existing trematodes infection in animals and human clinical cases,coupled with the wide geographical distribution ofO.ollula,necessitate further evaluations of the potential risk of spillover of zoonotic infection from animal to human and vice versa.
文摘China has achieved significant progress in controlling parasitic diseases through extensive campaigns over the last seven decades.In 2015,the criteria for schistosomiasis transmission control were met nationwide(1),and no indigenous malaria cases have been reported in China since 2017(2).Moreover,the number of areas with endemic visceral leishmaniasis has been markedly reduced from 16 to 7 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)(3).
文摘The World Health Organization(WHO)certified China as officially malaria-free on June 30,2021.Looking back at the public health history in China,malaria elimination has been a product of complex social engineering.Here,we summarized our experience and lessons,and found that malaria control and elimination in China is mainly attributed to governmental leadership,consistent efforts,technological innovations,and adaptive approaches.We also raised that vigilance should focus on imported cases through strengthening surveillance and response systems in order to prevent any re-establishment of transmission after elimination.China should continue to maintain its laboratory,clinical and field epidemiology capabilities.Continuous policy and financial support,multi-sectoral cooperation,and innovative strategies and approaches will remain essential.By integrating these,a malaria-free status can become sustainable.
