Musk is a scarce and precious medical resource secreted by male forest musk deer(FMD).Current research to promote musk secretion in FMD has used almost exclusively hormone injections,but this approach can be detriment...Musk is a scarce and precious medical resource secreted by male forest musk deer(FMD).Current research to promote musk secretion in FMD has used almost exclusively hormone injections,but this approach can be detrimental to the health of FMD.In order to conserve this endangered species as much as possible while increasing the production of musk,this study first used bioinformatics methods to predict the function of quercetin,a flavonoid that promotes testosterone(T)production and prevents late-onset male hypogonadism.On the basis of good prediction effect,different concentrations of quercetin were added to the diet of FMD.The results showed that quercetin could change the levels of T,luteinizing hormone releasing hormone,luteinizing hormone,and estradiol,and regulate the structure of intestinal microorganisms and musk microorganisms of FMD.Moreover,there is a correlation among musk components,hormones,intestinal microorganisms,and musk microorganisms,which indicates that the production of musk may be regulated by these three at the same time,and the addition of quercetin with 800 mg per kg diet could significantly increase the yield of muscone(P<0.05),the most effective ingredient in musk.In addition,quercetin decreased the high level of cortisol during musk secretion,which may relieve the stress on FMD in this process.This may help to protect the health of FMD.Combined with the results of software prediction,we finally proposed a possible mechanism for the complex process of musk secretion in FMD with a view to providing ideas for further studies.展开更多
Radiative transfer(RT)simulation based on reconstructed 3-dimensional(3D)vegetation scenarios can promote the validation and development of various retrieval algorithms to monitor the growing states of vegetation in l...Radiative transfer(RT)simulation based on reconstructed 3-dimensional(3D)vegetation scenarios can promote the validation and development of various retrieval algorithms to monitor the growing states of vegetation in large-scale,multi-angular,and multi-sensor ways.The radiation transfer model intercomparison(RAMI)has made great contributions to providing abstract and actual 3D vegetation scenarios,and to the benchmarking of RT models under developed evaluation systems.To date,RAMI has been updated to the fifth phase(RAMI-V).In this study,we try to implement explicit conversion from all the RAMI-V scenes to generic structural models in the Wavefront OBJ format.These reconstructed scenes are applied in the LESS RT model to probe the ability of its RT solvers to simulate all sorts of remote sensing observations and radiative budget,including the bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF),albedo,fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation,and threshold hemispherical photograph(THP).BRF simulations fully explain angle effects as well as variation and robustness of the normalized difference vegetation index.Energy conservation is well validated between simulated absorption and albedo.The gap fraction derived from THP is analyzed in directional and total situations.In addition,this paper guides us how to simplify basic geometries and tune the illumination resolution(0.02 is optimal)to balance the simulation accuracy and efficiency.The generic structural models and reliable simulation results can be referenced by other RT models and retrieval algorithms.展开更多
基金supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shaanxi Province(grant number SXLK2021-0219,SXLK2020-0207).
文摘Musk is a scarce and precious medical resource secreted by male forest musk deer(FMD).Current research to promote musk secretion in FMD has used almost exclusively hormone injections,but this approach can be detrimental to the health of FMD.In order to conserve this endangered species as much as possible while increasing the production of musk,this study first used bioinformatics methods to predict the function of quercetin,a flavonoid that promotes testosterone(T)production and prevents late-onset male hypogonadism.On the basis of good prediction effect,different concentrations of quercetin were added to the diet of FMD.The results showed that quercetin could change the levels of T,luteinizing hormone releasing hormone,luteinizing hormone,and estradiol,and regulate the structure of intestinal microorganisms and musk microorganisms of FMD.Moreover,there is a correlation among musk components,hormones,intestinal microorganisms,and musk microorganisms,which indicates that the production of musk may be regulated by these three at the same time,and the addition of quercetin with 800 mg per kg diet could significantly increase the yield of muscone(P<0.05),the most effective ingredient in musk.In addition,quercetin decreased the high level of cortisol during musk secretion,which may relieve the stress on FMD in this process.This may help to protect the health of FMD.Combined with the results of software prediction,we finally proposed a possible mechanism for the complex process of musk secretion in FMD with a view to providing ideas for further studies.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42090013 and 42071304)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2020YFA0608701 and 2022YFB3903304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Major Program(Grant No.42192580).
文摘Radiative transfer(RT)simulation based on reconstructed 3-dimensional(3D)vegetation scenarios can promote the validation and development of various retrieval algorithms to monitor the growing states of vegetation in large-scale,multi-angular,and multi-sensor ways.The radiation transfer model intercomparison(RAMI)has made great contributions to providing abstract and actual 3D vegetation scenarios,and to the benchmarking of RT models under developed evaluation systems.To date,RAMI has been updated to the fifth phase(RAMI-V).In this study,we try to implement explicit conversion from all the RAMI-V scenes to generic structural models in the Wavefront OBJ format.These reconstructed scenes are applied in the LESS RT model to probe the ability of its RT solvers to simulate all sorts of remote sensing observations and radiative budget,including the bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF),albedo,fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation,and threshold hemispherical photograph(THP).BRF simulations fully explain angle effects as well as variation and robustness of the normalized difference vegetation index.Energy conservation is well validated between simulated absorption and albedo.The gap fraction derived from THP is analyzed in directional and total situations.In addition,this paper guides us how to simplify basic geometries and tune the illumination resolution(0.02 is optimal)to balance the simulation accuracy and efficiency.The generic structural models and reliable simulation results can be referenced by other RT models and retrieval algorithms.
