In recent years,mpox virus Clade Ib has emerged as a significant global public health threat due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe disease outcomes.This strain was first identified in the Democratic R...In recent years,mpox virus Clade Ib has emerged as a significant global public health threat due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe disease outcomes.This strain was first identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)in September 2023 and began spreading to neighboring African countries by July 2024.It was subsequently imported through international travel to 12 non-African countries across Asia,Europe,and the Americas.Clade Ib exhibits increased transmissibility,and current data suggest that infections may lead to more severe symptoms,with higher risks of severe illness and mortality,particularly among vulnerable populations such as children,pregnant individuals,and immunocompromised groups(e.g.,people living with HIV/AIDS).Epidemiologically,Clade Ib primarily spreads through sexual contact,close household contact,and healthcare-related exposure.This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of mpox virus Clade Ib,including its genetic characteristics,epidemiological patterns,and prevention and control strategies.Additionally,it discusses the strategies and interventions needed to address this emerging threat.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)frequently co-occur in agricultural soils.MP type-dependent interactions with soil and plants can modify PFASs environmental behavior,complicating assessm...Microplastics(MPs)and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)frequently co-occur in agricultural soils.MP type-dependent interactions with soil and plants can modify PFASs environmental behavior,complicating assessments of PFAS-related ecological and human exposure risks.This study investigated the effects of three MPs,namely polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polylactic acid(PLA),and tire wear particles(TWP),on the uptake of 10 PFASs by pak choi(Brassica chinensis L).PVC at 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.5% significantly(p<0.05)increased PFASs accumulation in shoots by 1.31-1.70 fold.The upregulation of aquaporin-related genes in pak choi co-exposed to PVC and PFASs represents a potential mechanism for the enhanced uptake and translocation of PFASs.In contrast,PLA did not affect PFASs accumulation but inhibited plant growth by downregulating lipid and amino acid metabolism.TWP at 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.5% significantly(p<0.05)decreased PFASs uptake in shoots by 37.4%-54.1%,primarily through its inhibitory effects on plant growth(9.2%-16.3% decrease in biomass)and transpiration rate(reduced to 73% of the control).The phytotoxicity of TWP was confirmed by metabolomic profiling,which was associated with downregulation of key lipid,amino acid,and jasmonic acid-related metabolites.This work provides the first systematic comparison of the effects of PVC,PLA,and TWP on PFASs uptake in vegetables,integrating multi-omics analyses to uncover mechanisms and distinct MP type-dependent effects on PFASs bioaccumulation.These findings highlight complex interactions between MPs and PFASs in soil and underscore the need to assess co-contaminant risks by MP types.展开更多
基金Supported by Research on Genetic Evolution Characteristics and Key Techniques for Tracing of Highly Pathogenic Viruses(2023YFC2605602)the key research project of Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)(GWVI-3)+3 种基金Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)Key Discipline Project(GWVI-11.1-12)Key Discipline-Infectious Diseases of Threeyear Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System(2023-2025)(GWVI-11.1-01)the Key Discipline Program on Public Health System Construction of Shanghai(GWVI-11.1-15)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001).
文摘In recent years,mpox virus Clade Ib has emerged as a significant global public health threat due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe disease outcomes.This strain was first identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC)in September 2023 and began spreading to neighboring African countries by July 2024.It was subsequently imported through international travel to 12 non-African countries across Asia,Europe,and the Americas.Clade Ib exhibits increased transmissibility,and current data suggest that infections may lead to more severe symptoms,with higher risks of severe illness and mortality,particularly among vulnerable populations such as children,pregnant individuals,and immunocompromised groups(e.g.,people living with HIV/AIDS).Epidemiologically,Clade Ib primarily spreads through sexual contact,close household contact,and healthcare-related exposure.This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of mpox virus Clade Ib,including its genetic characteristics,epidemiological patterns,and prevention and control strategies.Additionally,it discusses the strategies and interventions needed to address this emerging threat.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42507033 and 22476088)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Cornell University(021114380228)the Yuxiu Young Scholars Program of Nanjing University.
文摘Microplastics(MPs)and per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)frequently co-occur in agricultural soils.MP type-dependent interactions with soil and plants can modify PFASs environmental behavior,complicating assessments of PFAS-related ecological and human exposure risks.This study investigated the effects of three MPs,namely polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polylactic acid(PLA),and tire wear particles(TWP),on the uptake of 10 PFASs by pak choi(Brassica chinensis L).PVC at 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.5% significantly(p<0.05)increased PFASs accumulation in shoots by 1.31-1.70 fold.The upregulation of aquaporin-related genes in pak choi co-exposed to PVC and PFASs represents a potential mechanism for the enhanced uptake and translocation of PFASs.In contrast,PLA did not affect PFASs accumulation but inhibited plant growth by downregulating lipid and amino acid metabolism.TWP at 0.01%,0.05%,and 0.5% significantly(p<0.05)decreased PFASs uptake in shoots by 37.4%-54.1%,primarily through its inhibitory effects on plant growth(9.2%-16.3% decrease in biomass)and transpiration rate(reduced to 73% of the control).The phytotoxicity of TWP was confirmed by metabolomic profiling,which was associated with downregulation of key lipid,amino acid,and jasmonic acid-related metabolites.This work provides the first systematic comparison of the effects of PVC,PLA,and TWP on PFASs uptake in vegetables,integrating multi-omics analyses to uncover mechanisms and distinct MP type-dependent effects on PFASs bioaccumulation.These findings highlight complex interactions between MPs and PFASs in soil and underscore the need to assess co-contaminant risks by MP types.
