Solution processible photovoltaics(PV)are poised to play an important role in scalable manufacturing of low-cost solar cells.Electrospray is uniquely suited for fabricating PVs due to its several desirable characteris...Solution processible photovoltaics(PV)are poised to play an important role in scalable manufacturing of low-cost solar cells.Electrospray is uniquely suited for fabricating PVs due to its several desirable characteristics of an ideal manufacturing process such as compatibility with roll-to-roll production processes,tunability and uniformity of droplet size,capability of operating at atmospheric pressure,and negligible material waste and nano structures.This review begins with an introduction of the fundamentals and unique properties of electrospray.We put emphasis on the evaporation time and residence time that jointly affect the deposition outcome.Then we review the efforts of electrospray printing polymer solar cells,perovskite solar cells,and dye sensitized solar cells.Collectively,these results demonstrate the advantages of electrospray for solution processed PV.Electrospray has also exhibited the capability of producing uniform films as well as nanostructured and even multiscale films.So far,the electrospray has been found to improve active layer morphology,and create devices with efficiencies comparable with that of spin-coating.Finally,we discuss challenges and research opportunities that enable electrospray to become a mainstream technique for industrial scale production.展开更多
Significant advancements have been made in the study of Mesozoic granite buried hills in the Songnan Low Uplift(SNLU)of the Qiongdongnan Basin.These findings indicate that the bedrock buried hills in this basin hold g...Significant advancements have been made in the study of Mesozoic granite buried hills in the Songnan Low Uplift(SNLU)of the Qiongdongnan Basin.These findings indicate that the bedrock buried hills in this basin hold great potential for exploration.Borehole samples taken from the granite buried hills in the SNLU were analyzed using apatite fission track(AFT)and zircon(U-Th)/He data to unravel the thermal history of the basement rock.This information is crucial for understanding the processes of exhumation and alteration that occurred after its formation.Thermal modeling of a sample from the western bulge of the SNLU revealed a prolonged cooling event from the late Mesozoic to the Oligocene period(~80-23.8 Ma),followed by a heating stage from the Miocene epoch until the present(~23.8 Ma to present).In contrast,the sample from the eastern bulge experienced a more complex thermal history.It underwent two cooling stages during the late Mesozoic to late Eocene period(~80-36.4 Ma)and the late Oligocene period(~30-23.8 Ma),interspersed with two heating phases during the late Eocene to early Oligocene period(~36.4-30 Ma)and the Miocene epoch to recent times(~23.8-0 Ma),respectively.The differences in exhumation histories between the western and eastern bulges during the late Eocene to Oligocene period in the SNLU can likely be attributed to differences in fault activity.Unlike typical passive continental margin basins,the SNLU has experienced accelerated subsidence after the rifting phase,which began around 5.2 Ma ago.The possible mechanism for this abnormal post-rifting subsidence may be the decay or movement of the deep thermal source and the rapid cooling of the asthenosphere.Long-term and multi-episodic cooling and exhumation processes play a key role in the alteration of bedrock and contribute to the formation of reservoirs.On the other hand,rapid post-rifting subsidence(sedimentation)promotes the formation of cap rocks.展开更多
Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable caus...Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable causes,was unclear.Our study aimed to determine whether etiological treatments in PBC-specific antibody-positive patients could improve liver biochemical tests,thereby distinguishing them from individuals with PBC.Methods:We enrolled patients who were positive for PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels but with other identifiable etiologies.Changes in liver biochemistry following non-ursodeoxycholic acid etiological treatments were monitored.Results:A total of 155 patients with positive PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels due to non-PBC diseases were enrolled.Among them,100 patients were diagnosed with non-PBC liver diseases,mainly metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,and autoimmune hepatitis.Additionally,55 patients had non-liver diseases,predominantly connective tissue diseases.The median follow-up duration was 15.9(4.7-25.6)months.Among 141 patients who completed follow-up after receiving etiological treatments,85.1%(120/141)showed improvement in ALP and/or GGT levels,with 51.8%(73/141)achieving normalization of both ALP and GGT.However,68 patients continued to exhibit elevated ALP and/or GGT,with 55 patients displaying isolated GGT elevation and 11 patients showing liver histological changes not consistent with PBC.Conclusions:PBC-specific antibodies,along with elevated ALP and GGT levels,may occur in various non-PBC diseases.Etiological treatments may improve or even resolve cholestatic biochemistry.For these patients,initiating etiological treatment rather than immediately starting ursodeoxycholic acid therapy would be justified.展开更多
We experimentally study the blast of a millimeter-sized drop of water dyed red subjected to a tightly focused nanosecond 532 nm laser pulse.The red water drop is opaque to the green laser wavelength,but is transparent...We experimentally study the blast of a millimeter-sized drop of water dyed red subjected to a tightly focused nanosecond 532 nm laser pulse.The red water drop is opaque to the green laser wavelength,but is transparent to the red illumination,which allows the detailed visualization of the phenomena inside the drop.The laser induced plasma or localized boiling at the drop front surface leads to a splash crown originating from the blast center.The various stages of this physical process are analyzed based on four characteristic time scales with different focal point positions and power densities.The initial blast on the drop front surface sends spherical shock waves into the drop.The spherical drop surface focuses the reflected rarefaction waves to the rear side of the drop,inducing cavitation bubbles as well as the ejections of liquid jets on the rear end.Various laser energy densities lead to different splash-crown-modes,which in turn affect the response of the opaque drop at the capillary time scale.The temporal evolution of the splash crown waist diameter follows a power law with respect to time,resembling characteristics of craters from mechanical impacts.Through the scaling law of the splash crown growth,we highlight the similarities among different splash processes that are triggered by various methods of point energy deposition.展开更多
Exosomes as bilayer membranous vesicles are abundant in seminal plasma and mediate intercellular communication by transferring active biomolecules.Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of exosomes in regulati...Exosomes as bilayer membranous vesicles are abundant in seminal plasma and mediate intercellular communication by transferring active biomolecules.Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of exosomes in regulating various biological properties of spermatozoa.However,the beneficial roles of seminal plasma exosomes in maintaining spermatozoon motility and mitochondrial function during liquid storage have not yet been unexplored in goat.In this study,the reduction of ATP content in goat spermatozoa was detected along with the decrease in spermatozoon motility under liquid storage,and the level of oxidative phosphorylation was also decreased.The interaction of exosomes and spermatozoon mitochondria was observed using high pressure freezing/freezesubstitution in combination with transmission electron microscope.Seminal plasma exosomes of goat were isolated and used to incubate with spermatozoa,and the binding and fusing of exosomes with spermatozoa was further validated.Furthermore,the addition of seminal plasma exosomes exhibited an increase in motility and oxidative phosphorylation in liquid-stored spermatozoa.Several mitochondrial functional parameters,including mitochondrial membrane potential,the levels of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular Ca^(2+),and the copy number and integrity of mitochondrial DNA,were also improved in spermatozoa after incubating with exosomes.Notably,the level of TFAM protein was increased in exosome-treated spermatozoa,indicating that the enhanced proteins may be delivered by exosomes to spermatozoa.These results suggest that seminal plasma exosomes could improve spermatozoon motility and mitochondrial function by regulating oxidative phosphorylation,which would provide insights into the understanding of protective roles of exosomes in goat spermatozoa during liquid storage.展开更多
In plants, cortical microtubules anchor to the plasma membrane in arrays and play important roles in cell shape. However, the molecular mechanism of microtubule binding proteins, which connect the plasma membrane and ...In plants, cortical microtubules anchor to the plasma membrane in arrays and play important roles in cell shape. However, the molecular mechanism of microtubule binding proteins, which connect the plasma membrane and cortical microtubules in cell morphology remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a plasma membrane and microtubule duallocalized IQ67 domain protein, IQD21, is critical for cotyledon pavement cell(PC) morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. iqd21 mutation caused increased indentation width, decreased lobe length, and similar lobe number of PCs, whereas IQD21 overexpression had a different effect on cotyledon PC shape. Weak overexpression led to increased lobe number, decreased indentation width, and similar lobe length, while moderate or great overexpression resulted in decreased lobe number, indentation width, and lobe length of PCs. Live-cell observations revealed that IQD21 accumulation at indentation regions correlates with lobe initiation and outgrowth during PC development. Cell biological and genetic approaches revealed that IQD21 promotes transfacial microtubules anchoring to the plasma membrane via its polybasic sites and bundling at the indentation regions in both periclinal and anticlinal walls. IQD21 controls cortical microtubule organization mainly through promoting Katanin 1-mediated microtubule severing during PC interdigitation. These findings provide the genetic evidence that transfacial microtubule arrays play a determinant role in lobe formation, and the insight into the molecular mechanism of IQD21 in transfacial microtubule organization at indentations and puzzle-shaped PC development.展开更多
Background and Aims:The clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients with vanishing bile duct syndrome(VBDS)have yet to be elucidated.The study aims to investigate these features and identify factor...Background and Aims:The clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients with vanishing bile duct syndrome(VBDS)have yet to be elucidated.The study aims to investigate these features and identify factors associated with poor prognosis.Methods:This multicenter retrospective study recruited patients with liver biopsy-proven VBDS who were followed up at five hospitals in northern China from January 2003 to April 2022.Clinical and pathological data at time of biopsy were reviewed.Clinical outcomes including cirrhosis,decompensation events,liver transplantation(LT),and liver-related death were recorded.Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with poor outcomes.Results:A total of 183 patients were included.The median age was 47 years,with 77.6%being women.During a median follow-up of 4.8 years,88 patients developed compensated or decompensated cirrhosis,27 died,and 15 received LT.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that hepatocellular cholestasis(HR 2.953,95%CI:1.437–6.069),foam cells(HR 2.349,95%CI:1.092–5.053),and advanced fibrosis(HR 2.524,95%CI:1.313–4.851)were independent predictors of LT or liver-related deaths.A nomogram formulated with the above factors showed good consistency with a concordance index of 0.746(95%CI:0.706–0.785).Conclusions:Nearly half of VBDS patients studied progressed to end-stage liver disease and 23%of them had LT or liver-related death within two years of diagnosis.Hepatocellular cholestasis,foam cells and advanced fibrosis rather than the degree of bile duct loss or underlying etiologies were independently associated with poor prognosis in VBDS patients.展开更多
Background:To evaluate the impact of steatosis and/or idiopathic portal inflammation(IPI)in living donor livers on recipients’clinical outcomes.Methods:We assessed 305 qualified donor liver samples from June 2013 to ...Background:To evaluate the impact of steatosis and/or idiopathic portal inflammation(IPI)in living donor livers on recipients’clinical outcomes.Methods:We assessed 305 qualified donor liver samples from June 2013 to December 2018.Donors and recipients’clinical characteristics,including follow-up data were retrieved.The graft and overall survival with/without steatosis or portal inflammation were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results:For living donors,the medium age of was 31.2(28,35.8)years old;liver histopathology showed macrovesicular steatosis:0-5%264/305(86.6%)and 5-30%41/305(13.4%),IPI:no 220/305(72.1%)and mild 85/305(27.9%).For recipients,the medium age was 1.0(0.6,1.5)years old;the median pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score was 16(5.0,26.0)and medium follow-up time was 32.8(24.8,52.0)months.Biliary atresia(69.5%)was the main indication for liver transplantation(LT).Conclusions:The presence of steatosis and portal inflammation of the donor liver did not impact the clinical outcomes including transaminase or bilirubin normalization,short-/long-term complications and recipients’survival.However,recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score(>16)receiving donor liver with portal inflammation,but not steatosis,had trend negative effect on recipients’survival.In conclusion,donor livers with mild steatosis and portal inflammation were qualified for pediatric living donor LT.However,donor liver with mild portal inflammation would better not be allocated to recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score.This study provided new evidence in pediatric living donor liver allocation.展开更多
To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin(NOR),NOR degradation products(NOR-DPs,P1−P8)were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide(UV/H2O2)technology.NOR degradation did no...To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin(NOR),NOR degradation products(NOR-DPs,P1−P8)were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide(UV/H2O2)technology.NOR degradation did not significantly affect cytotoxicity of NOR against BV2,A549,HepG2,and Vero E6 cells.Compared with that of NOR,mutagenicity and median lethal concentration of P1−P8 in fathead minnow were increased,and bioaccumulation factor and oral median lethal dose of P1−P8 in rats were decreased.Molecular docking was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DNA gyrase A(gyrA)on NOR-DPs to determine the molecular-level mechanism and establish the structure−activity relationship.Results indicated that the most common amino acid residues were Ile13,Ser27,Val28,Gly31,Asp36,Arg46,Arg47,Asp157,and Gly340;hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played key roles in the inhibitory effect.Binding area(BA)decreased from 350.80Å2(NOR)to 346.21Å2(P1),and the absolute value of binding energy(|BE|)changed from 2.53 kcal/mol(NOR)to 2.54 kcal/mol(P1),indicating that the fluorine atom mainly affects BA.The piperazine ring clearly influenced BA and|BE|.“Yang ChuanXi Rules”were used to explain effects of molecular weight(MW),BA,|BE|,and sum ofη1+η2(η1:normalization of BA,η2:normalization of|BE|)and predict biotoxicity of NOR-DPs based on half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC50),half-minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC50),and half-minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC50)values.展开更多
基金X.Z.acknowledges the funding support from National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.61975073 and No.61605076)W.D.thanks the financial support from NSFC(No.11872199 and No.11932009).
文摘Solution processible photovoltaics(PV)are poised to play an important role in scalable manufacturing of low-cost solar cells.Electrospray is uniquely suited for fabricating PVs due to its several desirable characteristics of an ideal manufacturing process such as compatibility with roll-to-roll production processes,tunability and uniformity of droplet size,capability of operating at atmospheric pressure,and negligible material waste and nano structures.This review begins with an introduction of the fundamentals and unique properties of electrospray.We put emphasis on the evaporation time and residence time that jointly affect the deposition outcome.Then we review the efforts of electrospray printing polymer solar cells,perovskite solar cells,and dye sensitized solar cells.Collectively,these results demonstrate the advantages of electrospray for solution processed PV.Electrospray has also exhibited the capability of producing uniform films as well as nanostructured and even multiscale films.So far,the electrospray has been found to improve active layer morphology,and create devices with efficiencies comparable with that of spin-coating.Finally,we discuss challenges and research opportunities that enable electrospray to become a mainstream technique for industrial scale production.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42072181the CNOOC Research Project"Resource Potential,Reservoir Formation Mechanism and Breakthrough Direction of Potential Oil-rich Depressions in Offshore Basins of China(YXKY-ZX 012021)"。
文摘Significant advancements have been made in the study of Mesozoic granite buried hills in the Songnan Low Uplift(SNLU)of the Qiongdongnan Basin.These findings indicate that the bedrock buried hills in this basin hold great potential for exploration.Borehole samples taken from the granite buried hills in the SNLU were analyzed using apatite fission track(AFT)and zircon(U-Th)/He data to unravel the thermal history of the basement rock.This information is crucial for understanding the processes of exhumation and alteration that occurred after its formation.Thermal modeling of a sample from the western bulge of the SNLU revealed a prolonged cooling event from the late Mesozoic to the Oligocene period(~80-23.8 Ma),followed by a heating stage from the Miocene epoch until the present(~23.8 Ma to present).In contrast,the sample from the eastern bulge experienced a more complex thermal history.It underwent two cooling stages during the late Mesozoic to late Eocene period(~80-36.4 Ma)and the late Oligocene period(~30-23.8 Ma),interspersed with two heating phases during the late Eocene to early Oligocene period(~36.4-30 Ma)and the Miocene epoch to recent times(~23.8-0 Ma),respectively.The differences in exhumation histories between the western and eastern bulges during the late Eocene to Oligocene period in the SNLU can likely be attributed to differences in fault activity.Unlike typical passive continental margin basins,the SNLU has experienced accelerated subsidence after the rifting phase,which began around 5.2 Ma ago.The possible mechanism for this abnormal post-rifting subsidence may be the decay or movement of the deep thermal source and the rapid cooling of the asthenosphere.Long-term and multi-episodic cooling and exhumation processes play a key role in the alteration of bedrock and contribute to the formation of reservoirs.On the other hand,rapid post-rifting subsidence(sedimentation)promotes the formation of cap rocks.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100633).
文摘Background and Aims:The diagnostic value of primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)-specific antibodies in patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)levels,and other identifiable causes,was unclear.Our study aimed to determine whether etiological treatments in PBC-specific antibody-positive patients could improve liver biochemical tests,thereby distinguishing them from individuals with PBC.Methods:We enrolled patients who were positive for PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels but with other identifiable etiologies.Changes in liver biochemistry following non-ursodeoxycholic acid etiological treatments were monitored.Results:A total of 155 patients with positive PBC-specific antibodies and elevated ALP and/or GGT levels due to non-PBC diseases were enrolled.Among them,100 patients were diagnosed with non-PBC liver diseases,mainly metabolic-associated fatty liver disease,drug-induced liver injury,and autoimmune hepatitis.Additionally,55 patients had non-liver diseases,predominantly connective tissue diseases.The median follow-up duration was 15.9(4.7-25.6)months.Among 141 patients who completed follow-up after receiving etiological treatments,85.1%(120/141)showed improvement in ALP and/or GGT levels,with 51.8%(73/141)achieving normalization of both ALP and GGT.However,68 patients continued to exhibit elevated ALP and/or GGT,with 55 patients displaying isolated GGT elevation and 11 patients showing liver histological changes not consistent with PBC.Conclusions:PBC-specific antibodies,along with elevated ALP and GGT levels,may occur in various non-PBC diseases.Etiological treatments may improve or even resolve cholestatic biochemistry.For these patients,initiating etiological treatment rather than immediately starting ursodeoxycholic acid therapy would be justified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12402320,12327803 and 62475111)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515110355).
文摘We experimentally study the blast of a millimeter-sized drop of water dyed red subjected to a tightly focused nanosecond 532 nm laser pulse.The red water drop is opaque to the green laser wavelength,but is transparent to the red illumination,which allows the detailed visualization of the phenomena inside the drop.The laser induced plasma or localized boiling at the drop front surface leads to a splash crown originating from the blast center.The various stages of this physical process are analyzed based on four characteristic time scales with different focal point positions and power densities.The initial blast on the drop front surface sends spherical shock waves into the drop.The spherical drop surface focuses the reflected rarefaction waves to the rear side of the drop,inducing cavitation bubbles as well as the ejections of liquid jets on the rear end.Various laser energy densities lead to different splash-crown-modes,which in turn affect the response of the opaque drop at the capillary time scale.The temporal evolution of the splash crown waist diameter follows a power law with respect to time,resembling characteristics of craters from mechanical impacts.Through the scaling law of the splash crown growth,we highlight the similarities among different splash processes that are triggered by various methods of point energy deposition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902223).
文摘Exosomes as bilayer membranous vesicles are abundant in seminal plasma and mediate intercellular communication by transferring active biomolecules.Numerous studies have revealed the involvement of exosomes in regulating various biological properties of spermatozoa.However,the beneficial roles of seminal plasma exosomes in maintaining spermatozoon motility and mitochondrial function during liquid storage have not yet been unexplored in goat.In this study,the reduction of ATP content in goat spermatozoa was detected along with the decrease in spermatozoon motility under liquid storage,and the level of oxidative phosphorylation was also decreased.The interaction of exosomes and spermatozoon mitochondria was observed using high pressure freezing/freezesubstitution in combination with transmission electron microscope.Seminal plasma exosomes of goat were isolated and used to incubate with spermatozoa,and the binding and fusing of exosomes with spermatozoa was further validated.Furthermore,the addition of seminal plasma exosomes exhibited an increase in motility and oxidative phosphorylation in liquid-stored spermatozoa.Several mitochondrial functional parameters,including mitochondrial membrane potential,the levels of mitochondrial ROS and intracellular Ca^(2+),and the copy number and integrity of mitochondrial DNA,were also improved in spermatozoa after incubating with exosomes.Notably,the level of TFAM protein was increased in exosome-treated spermatozoa,indicating that the enhanced proteins may be delivered by exosomes to spermatozoa.These results suggest that seminal plasma exosomes could improve spermatozoon motility and mitochondrial function by regulating oxidative phosphorylation,which would provide insights into the understanding of protective roles of exosomes in goat spermatozoa during liquid storage.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970730, 32170721)。
文摘In plants, cortical microtubules anchor to the plasma membrane in arrays and play important roles in cell shape. However, the molecular mechanism of microtubule binding proteins, which connect the plasma membrane and cortical microtubules in cell morphology remains largely unknown. Here, we report that a plasma membrane and microtubule duallocalized IQ67 domain protein, IQD21, is critical for cotyledon pavement cell(PC) morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. iqd21 mutation caused increased indentation width, decreased lobe length, and similar lobe number of PCs, whereas IQD21 overexpression had a different effect on cotyledon PC shape. Weak overexpression led to increased lobe number, decreased indentation width, and similar lobe length, while moderate or great overexpression resulted in decreased lobe number, indentation width, and lobe length of PCs. Live-cell observations revealed that IQD21 accumulation at indentation regions correlates with lobe initiation and outgrowth during PC development. Cell biological and genetic approaches revealed that IQD21 promotes transfacial microtubules anchoring to the plasma membrane via its polybasic sites and bundling at the indentation regions in both periclinal and anticlinal walls. IQD21 controls cortical microtubule organization mainly through promoting Katanin 1-mediated microtubule severing during PC interdigitation. These findings provide the genetic evidence that transfacial microtubule arrays play a determinant role in lobe formation, and the insight into the molecular mechanism of IQD21 in transfacial microtubule organization at indentations and puzzle-shaped PC development.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82100633 to LTT).
文摘Background and Aims:The clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients with vanishing bile duct syndrome(VBDS)have yet to be elucidated.The study aims to investigate these features and identify factors associated with poor prognosis.Methods:This multicenter retrospective study recruited patients with liver biopsy-proven VBDS who were followed up at five hospitals in northern China from January 2003 to April 2022.Clinical and pathological data at time of biopsy were reviewed.Clinical outcomes including cirrhosis,decompensation events,liver transplantation(LT),and liver-related death were recorded.Cox regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with poor outcomes.Results:A total of 183 patients were included.The median age was 47 years,with 77.6%being women.During a median follow-up of 4.8 years,88 patients developed compensated or decompensated cirrhosis,27 died,and 15 received LT.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that hepatocellular cholestasis(HR 2.953,95%CI:1.437–6.069),foam cells(HR 2.349,95%CI:1.092–5.053),and advanced fibrosis(HR 2.524,95%CI:1.313–4.851)were independent predictors of LT or liver-related deaths.A nomogram formulated with the above factors showed good consistency with a concordance index of 0.746(95%CI:0.706–0.785).Conclusions:Nearly half of VBDS patients studied progressed to end-stage liver disease and 23%of them had LT or liver-related death within two years of diagnosis.Hepatocellular cholestasis,foam cells and advanced fibrosis rather than the degree of bile duct loss or underlying etiologies were independently associated with poor prognosis in VBDS patients.
基金the Digestive Medical Coordinated Development Center of Beijing Hospitals Authority(No.XXZ0301).
文摘Background:To evaluate the impact of steatosis and/or idiopathic portal inflammation(IPI)in living donor livers on recipients’clinical outcomes.Methods:We assessed 305 qualified donor liver samples from June 2013 to December 2018.Donors and recipients’clinical characteristics,including follow-up data were retrieved.The graft and overall survival with/without steatosis or portal inflammation were compared by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results:For living donors,the medium age of was 31.2(28,35.8)years old;liver histopathology showed macrovesicular steatosis:0-5%264/305(86.6%)and 5-30%41/305(13.4%),IPI:no 220/305(72.1%)and mild 85/305(27.9%).For recipients,the medium age was 1.0(0.6,1.5)years old;the median pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score was 16(5.0,26.0)and medium follow-up time was 32.8(24.8,52.0)months.Biliary atresia(69.5%)was the main indication for liver transplantation(LT).Conclusions:The presence of steatosis and portal inflammation of the donor liver did not impact the clinical outcomes including transaminase or bilirubin normalization,short-/long-term complications and recipients’survival.However,recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score(>16)receiving donor liver with portal inflammation,but not steatosis,had trend negative effect on recipients’survival.In conclusion,donor livers with mild steatosis and portal inflammation were qualified for pediatric living donor LT.However,donor liver with mild portal inflammation would better not be allocated to recipients with high pediatric-end-stage-liver-disease score.This study provided new evidence in pediatric living donor liver allocation.
文摘To clarify the effect of the fluorine atom and piperazine ring on norfloxacin(NOR),NOR degradation products(NOR-DPs,P1−P8)were generated via UV combined with hydrogen peroxide(UV/H2O2)technology.NOR degradation did not significantly affect cytotoxicity of NOR against BV2,A549,HepG2,and Vero E6 cells.Compared with that of NOR,mutagenicity and median lethal concentration of P1−P8 in fathead minnow were increased,and bioaccumulation factor and oral median lethal dose of P1−P8 in rats were decreased.Molecular docking was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of DNA gyrase A(gyrA)on NOR-DPs to determine the molecular-level mechanism and establish the structure−activity relationship.Results indicated that the most common amino acid residues were Ile13,Ser27,Val28,Gly31,Asp36,Arg46,Arg47,Asp157,and Gly340;hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions played key roles in the inhibitory effect.Binding area(BA)decreased from 350.80Å2(NOR)to 346.21Å2(P1),and the absolute value of binding energy(|BE|)changed from 2.53 kcal/mol(NOR)to 2.54 kcal/mol(P1),indicating that the fluorine atom mainly affects BA.The piperazine ring clearly influenced BA and|BE|.“Yang ChuanXi Rules”were used to explain effects of molecular weight(MW),BA,|BE|,and sum ofη1+η2(η1:normalization of BA,η2:normalization of|BE|)and predict biotoxicity of NOR-DPs based on half-maximum inhibitory concentration(IC50),half-minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC50),and half-minimal bactericidal concentration(MBC50)values.
