Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut ...Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut microbial composition were assessed.Results showed that high-dose FJP could protect intestinal mucosa tissue,shorten the first black feces defecating time by 17%and increase the number and wet weights of black feces by 72%and 71%,respectively,within 6 h.High-dose FJP signifi cantly down-regulated the somatostatin level and up-regulated gastrin level in constipated mice,compared with low-dose FJP and UFJP.The high-dose FJP intervention regulated the microbiota profi le,which afterwards restored microbiota,like Bacteroidetes,Bifi dobacterium and Lactobacillus,to a less unhealthy state.This study provides convincing in vivo evidence that high-dose FJP supplementation through daily diet could be a promising approach to effectively alleviate constipation and modulate gut health.展开更多
A novel Ni-Cr-Si-B filler metal with the cluster formula of[Cr-Ni12]B2Cr+[B-Ni8Cr]BSi Cr based on the cluster-plus-glue-atom model was designed for vacuum brazing GH4169 alloy.The effect of brazing temperature and bra...A novel Ni-Cr-Si-B filler metal with the cluster formula of[Cr-Ni12]B2Cr+[B-Ni8Cr]BSi Cr based on the cluster-plus-glue-atom model was designed for vacuum brazing GH4169 alloy.The effect of brazing temperature and brazing time on microstructure and shear strength of GH4169 alloy joints was investigated.The brazed seam was mainly composed ofγ-Ni solid solution.(Nb,Ti)-rich phase and(Cr,Nb,Mo)-rich borides distributed in diffusion zones.The diffusion and aggregation of B,Cr,Nb,and Mo resulted in the variation of phase contrast and morphology of borides.Coarse precipitations in the joint brazed at1240℃consisted of borides,Laves phase andδphase.The shear strength of joints was principally dominated by the brittle precipitations in diffusion zone,and the homogenization of microstructure improved the room-temperature shear strength to 820 MPa with the high-temperature shear strength of 627 MPa for the joint brazed at 1240℃/20 min.The joint fractured in diffusion zone and brazed seam,and the existence of borides and Laves phase in diffusion zone provide the potential origin for crack growth.展开更多
Background:Pneumothorax is a medical emergency caused by the abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural space—the potential space between the lungs and chest wall.On 2D chest radiographs,pneumothorax occurs within t...Background:Pneumothorax is a medical emergency caused by the abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural space—the potential space between the lungs and chest wall.On 2D chest radiographs,pneumothorax occurs within the thoracic cavity and outside of the mediastinum,and we refer to this area as“lung+space.”While deep learning(DL)has increasingly been utilized to segment pneumothorax lesions in chest radiographs,many existing DL models employ an end-to-end approach.These models directly map chest radiographs to clinician-annotated lesion areas,often neglecting the vital domain knowl-edge that pneumothorax is inherently location-sensitive.Methods:We propose a novel approach that incorporates the lung+space as a constraint during DL model training for pneumothorax segmentation on 2D chest radiographs.To circumvent the need for additional annotations and to prevent potential label leakage on the target task,our method utilizes external datasets and an auxiliary task of lung segmentation.This approach generates a specific constraint of lung+space for each chest radiograph.Furthermore,we have incorporated a discriminator to eliminate unreliable constraints caused by the domain shift between the auxiliary and target datasets.Results:Our results demonstrated considerable improvements,with average performance gains of 4.6%,3.6%,and 3.3%regarding intersection over union,dice similarity coefficient,and Hausdorff distance.These results were con-sistent across six baseline models built on three architectures(U-Net,LinkNet,or PSPNet)and two backbones(VGG-11 or MobileOne-S0).We further con-ducted an ablation study to evaluate the contribution of each component in the proposed method and undertook several robustness studies on hyper-parameter selection to validate the stability of our method.Conclusions:The integration of domain knowledge in DL models for medical applications has often been underemphasized.Our research underscores the significance of incorporating medical domain knowledge about the location-specific nature of pneumothorax to enhance DL-based lesion segmentation and further bolster clinicians'trust in DL tools.Beyond pneumothorax,our approach is promising for other thoracic conditions that possess location-relevant characteristics.展开更多
A transfer-reaction experiment of ~9Be(~9Be,^(10)Be)~8Be was performed at a beam energy of 45 Me V.Excited states in ^(10)Be up to 18.80 Me V are produced using missing mass and invariant mass methods.Most of the obse...A transfer-reaction experiment of ~9Be(~9Be,^(10)Be)~8Be was performed at a beam energy of 45 Me V.Excited states in ^(10)Be up to 18.80 Me V are produced using missing mass and invariant mass methods.Most of the observed high-lying resonant states,reconstructed from theα+~6He and t+~7Li decay channels,agree with the previously reported results.In addition,two new resonances at 15.6 and 18.8 Me V are identified from the present measurement.The 18.55 Me V state is found to decay into both the t + ~7Lig:s: and t + ~7Li?(0.478 MeV) channels, with a relative branching ratio of 0:93 ± 0:33. Further theoretical investigations are encouraged to interpret this new information on cluster structure in neutron-rich light nuclei.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(2022TC124)open foundation of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health.
文摘Unfermented jujube pulp(UFJP),fermented jujube pulp(FJP)in high and low doses were fed to constipated ICR mice.Defecation function,serum gastrointestinal regulatory peptide,fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and gut microbial composition were assessed.Results showed that high-dose FJP could protect intestinal mucosa tissue,shorten the first black feces defecating time by 17%and increase the number and wet weights of black feces by 72%and 71%,respectively,within 6 h.High-dose FJP signifi cantly down-regulated the somatostatin level and up-regulated gastrin level in constipated mice,compared with low-dose FJP and UFJP.The high-dose FJP intervention regulated the microbiota profi le,which afterwards restored microbiota,like Bacteroidetes,Bifi dobacterium and Lactobacillus,to a less unhealthy state.This study provides convincing in vivo evidence that high-dose FJP supplementation through daily diet could be a promising approach to effectively alleviate constipation and modulate gut health.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51674060)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT18LAB01).
文摘A novel Ni-Cr-Si-B filler metal with the cluster formula of[Cr-Ni12]B2Cr+[B-Ni8Cr]BSi Cr based on the cluster-plus-glue-atom model was designed for vacuum brazing GH4169 alloy.The effect of brazing temperature and brazing time on microstructure and shear strength of GH4169 alloy joints was investigated.The brazed seam was mainly composed ofγ-Ni solid solution.(Nb,Ti)-rich phase and(Cr,Nb,Mo)-rich borides distributed in diffusion zones.The diffusion and aggregation of B,Cr,Nb,and Mo resulted in the variation of phase contrast and morphology of borides.Coarse precipitations in the joint brazed at1240℃consisted of borides,Laves phase andδphase.The shear strength of joints was principally dominated by the brittle precipitations in diffusion zone,and the homogenization of microstructure improved the room-temperature shear strength to 820 MPa with the high-temperature shear strength of 627 MPa for the joint brazed at 1240℃/20 min.The joint fractured in diffusion zone and brazed seam,and the existence of borides and Laves phase in diffusion zone provide the potential origin for crack growth.
文摘Background:Pneumothorax is a medical emergency caused by the abnormal accumulation of air in the pleural space—the potential space between the lungs and chest wall.On 2D chest radiographs,pneumothorax occurs within the thoracic cavity and outside of the mediastinum,and we refer to this area as“lung+space.”While deep learning(DL)has increasingly been utilized to segment pneumothorax lesions in chest radiographs,many existing DL models employ an end-to-end approach.These models directly map chest radiographs to clinician-annotated lesion areas,often neglecting the vital domain knowl-edge that pneumothorax is inherently location-sensitive.Methods:We propose a novel approach that incorporates the lung+space as a constraint during DL model training for pneumothorax segmentation on 2D chest radiographs.To circumvent the need for additional annotations and to prevent potential label leakage on the target task,our method utilizes external datasets and an auxiliary task of lung segmentation.This approach generates a specific constraint of lung+space for each chest radiograph.Furthermore,we have incorporated a discriminator to eliminate unreliable constraints caused by the domain shift between the auxiliary and target datasets.Results:Our results demonstrated considerable improvements,with average performance gains of 4.6%,3.6%,and 3.3%regarding intersection over union,dice similarity coefficient,and Hausdorff distance.These results were con-sistent across six baseline models built on three architectures(U-Net,LinkNet,or PSPNet)and two backbones(VGG-11 or MobileOne-S0).We further con-ducted an ablation study to evaluate the contribution of each component in the proposed method and undertook several robustness studies on hyper-parameter selection to validate the stability of our method.Conclusions:The integration of domain knowledge in DL models for medical applications has often been underemphasized.Our research underscores the significance of incorporating medical domain knowledge about the location-specific nature of pneumothorax to enhance DL-based lesion segmentation and further bolster clinicians'trust in DL tools.Beyond pneumothorax,our approach is promising for other thoracic conditions that possess location-relevant characteristics.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB834402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11535004, 11275011, 11375017, and 11275001)
文摘A transfer-reaction experiment of ~9Be(~9Be,^(10)Be)~8Be was performed at a beam energy of 45 Me V.Excited states in ^(10)Be up to 18.80 Me V are produced using missing mass and invariant mass methods.Most of the observed high-lying resonant states,reconstructed from theα+~6He and t+~7Li decay channels,agree with the previously reported results.In addition,two new resonances at 15.6 and 18.8 Me V are identified from the present measurement.The 18.55 Me V state is found to decay into both the t + ~7Lig:s: and t + ~7Li?(0.478 MeV) channels, with a relative branching ratio of 0:93 ± 0:33. Further theoretical investigations are encouraged to interpret this new information on cluster structure in neutron-rich light nuclei.
